Structural variations(SVs)are a feature of plant genomes that has been largely unexplored despite their significant impact on plant phenotypic traits and local adaptation to abiotic and biotic stress.In this study,we ...Structural variations(SVs)are a feature of plant genomes that has been largely unexplored despite their significant impact on plant phenotypic traits and local adaptation to abiotic and biotic stress.In this study,we employed woolly grape(Vitis retordii),a species native to the tropical and subtropical regions of East Asia with both coastal and inland habitats,as a valuable model for examining the impact of SVs on local adaptation.We assembled a haplotype-resolved chromosomal reference genome for woolly grape,and conducted population genetic analyses based on whole-genome sequencing(WGS)data from coastal and inland populations.The demographic analyses revealed recent bottlenecks in all populations and asymmetric gene flow from the inland to the coastal population.In total,1,035 genes associated with plant adaptive regulation for salt stress,radiation,and environmental adaptation were detected underlying local selection by SVs and SNPs in the coastal population,of which 37.29% and 65.26% were detected by SVs and SNPs,respectively.Candidate genes such as FSD2,RGA1,and AAP8 associated with salt tolerance were found to be highly differentiated and selected during the process of local adaptation to coastal habitats in SV regions.Our study highlights the importance of SVs in local adaptation;candidate genes related to salt stress and climatic adaptation to tropical and subtropical environments are important genomic resources for future breeding programs of grapevine and its rootstocks.展开更多
Viticulture in Argentina is an important socioeconomic sector,reflected in a significant wine market and tourism.However,climate change and related extreme events are serious concerns.The main issues are heatwaves,hai...Viticulture in Argentina is an important socioeconomic sector,reflected in a significant wine market and tourism.However,climate change and related extreme events are serious concerns.The main issues are heatwaves,hail-storms,and heavy rainfall,resulting in damage to vineyards.While climate change impacts have already been discussed for regions such as the Mediterranean,the literature lacks an up-to-date overview of Argentine viticul-ture and potential mitigation solutions.In a country culturally and economically connected to the world of wine,it is strategic to bridge this gap to be prepared for a climatically adverse future.This perspective paper presents an overview of Argentine viticulture and its relationship to climate change.We focus on the Mendoza region,one of the most productive areas and home to cultural landscapes where internationally recognized wines are produced.Climate change is already occurring,a fact we observed by analyzing data from the past decades.We discussed how heatwaves in the lowlands drive farmers to move to the Andes slopes looking for more favorable conditions.But new threats arise,such as extreme rainfall.Due to surface hydrological processes,they can cause land degradation and compromise vineyards.We investigate these phenomena in detail,highlighting how they represent a growing challenge that must be addressed for the sustainable development of future viticulture in the area.Therefore,we propose mitigation strategies for more resilient production,drawing inspiration from the Sustainable Development Goals and suggesting a framework that can be extended to broader contexts worldwide。展开更多
Wine production has a long-standing history in Palatinate (Southwestern Germany), dating back to Roman times. Especially “Riesling”, but also several “Pinot” varieties gained major significance. Red wine varieties...Wine production has a long-standing history in Palatinate (Southwestern Germany), dating back to Roman times. Especially “Riesling”, but also several “Pinot” varieties gained major significance. Red wine varieties gained prominence over the last 20 years only, which may be a consequence of climate change. Our objective was to review temperature and rainfall data over the last 40 years, measured “on-winery” in Hainfeld and correlate these data with grapevine growth parameters: the development of bud break, flowering, veraison and harvest dates, yields and grape sugar concentrations of “Pinot Gris”, “Pinot Noir”, “Riesling”, “Silvaner” and “Müller-Thurgau”. Since the 1970s, bud break, flowering and veraison are 11 - 15, 18 - 22 and 16 - 22 days earlier;harvest dates are 25 - 40 days earlier. Sugar concentrations increased significantly, but yields decreased. Annual rainfall has not significantly risen, while the mean annual minimum and maximum air-temperatures rose by ~0.9°C, and by ~3.4°C, respectively, resulting in an average increase of the mean annual temperature of ~2.1°C. Remarkably, both mean monthly minimum and maximum temperatures rose especially in springtime, which should have been the driver for earlier bud break and flowering. A change in the climatic conditions, therefore, appears to be one of the key reasons for more favorable grapevine production in Palatinate, especially for “Pinot Noir”, which showed the highest increase in sugar concentrations. The Huglin-index, a measure for the suitability of growing specific grapevine varieties in given environments, increased from 1685 to 2063. According to this index, the climate change may be favorable already for growing grape varieties so far rarely grown in temperate zones, such as “Cabernet Sauvignon”, “Syrah” and “Tempranillo” that are more suited to warmer, Mediterranean climates.展开更多
A renewed interest in interspecific varieties has recently emerged, due mainly to producers and consumers more aware of organic farming and impact of phytochemicals in the environment. The assessment of 19 European Vi...A renewed interest in interspecific varieties has recently emerged, due mainly to producers and consumers more aware of organic farming and impact of phytochemicals in the environment. The assessment of 19 European Vitis hybrids was investigated in an area mostly dedicated to viticulture, the North-EasternItaly. Major agronomic traits, yield, quality characteristics and disease resistance were evaluated during a three-year period (2004 to 2006). Wine sensory analyses were performed and compared with international Vitis vinifera varieties. Even though no genotypes resulted adequate for market release, the results obtained confirm the potential importance of hybrids in an “eco-friendly” viticulture and identify the genotypes interesting for further investigation and breeding: GF 138-3 and GA 48-12 showed good agronomic performance, resistance to more grape diseases and high quality wine.展开更多
基金supported by the Science Fund Program for Distinguished Young Scholars of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Overseas)to Yongfeng ZhouNational Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32300191,32372662)+1 种基金Guangxi University,Bama Institute of Integration of Industry and Education,postgraduate joint training project(Project Nos.20210020,20210039)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grants 2023YFF1000100 and 2023YFD2200700).
文摘Structural variations(SVs)are a feature of plant genomes that has been largely unexplored despite their significant impact on plant phenotypic traits and local adaptation to abiotic and biotic stress.In this study,we employed woolly grape(Vitis retordii),a species native to the tropical and subtropical regions of East Asia with both coastal and inland habitats,as a valuable model for examining the impact of SVs on local adaptation.We assembled a haplotype-resolved chromosomal reference genome for woolly grape,and conducted population genetic analyses based on whole-genome sequencing(WGS)data from coastal and inland populations.The demographic analyses revealed recent bottlenecks in all populations and asymmetric gene flow from the inland to the coastal population.In total,1,035 genes associated with plant adaptive regulation for salt stress,radiation,and environmental adaptation were detected underlying local selection by SVs and SNPs in the coastal population,of which 37.29% and 65.26% were detected by SVs and SNPs,respectively.Candidate genes such as FSD2,RGA1,and AAP8 associated with salt tolerance were found to be highly differentiated and selected during the process of local adaptation to coastal habitats in SV regions.Our study highlights the importance of SVs in local adaptation;candidate genes related to salt stress and climatic adaptation to tropical and subtropical environments are important genomic resources for future breeding programs of grapevine and its rootstocks.
基金This study was partly supported by Secretary of Research,Interna-tional and Postgraduate(SIIP)project type 4 biennial 2022:“Climate change observatory of extreme phenomena in irrigated viticulture,Men-doza,Argentina”.Project financed by the SIIP of the National University of Cuyo,Mendoza,Argentina.
文摘Viticulture in Argentina is an important socioeconomic sector,reflected in a significant wine market and tourism.However,climate change and related extreme events are serious concerns.The main issues are heatwaves,hail-storms,and heavy rainfall,resulting in damage to vineyards.While climate change impacts have already been discussed for regions such as the Mediterranean,the literature lacks an up-to-date overview of Argentine viticul-ture and potential mitigation solutions.In a country culturally and economically connected to the world of wine,it is strategic to bridge this gap to be prepared for a climatically adverse future.This perspective paper presents an overview of Argentine viticulture and its relationship to climate change.We focus on the Mendoza region,one of the most productive areas and home to cultural landscapes where internationally recognized wines are produced.Climate change is already occurring,a fact we observed by analyzing data from the past decades.We discussed how heatwaves in the lowlands drive farmers to move to the Andes slopes looking for more favorable conditions.But new threats arise,such as extreme rainfall.Due to surface hydrological processes,they can cause land degradation and compromise vineyards.We investigate these phenomena in detail,highlighting how they represent a growing challenge that must be addressed for the sustainable development of future viticulture in the area.Therefore,we propose mitigation strategies for more resilient production,drawing inspiration from the Sustainable Development Goals and suggesting a framework that can be extended to broader contexts worldwide。
文摘Wine production has a long-standing history in Palatinate (Southwestern Germany), dating back to Roman times. Especially “Riesling”, but also several “Pinot” varieties gained major significance. Red wine varieties gained prominence over the last 20 years only, which may be a consequence of climate change. Our objective was to review temperature and rainfall data over the last 40 years, measured “on-winery” in Hainfeld and correlate these data with grapevine growth parameters: the development of bud break, flowering, veraison and harvest dates, yields and grape sugar concentrations of “Pinot Gris”, “Pinot Noir”, “Riesling”, “Silvaner” and “Müller-Thurgau”. Since the 1970s, bud break, flowering and veraison are 11 - 15, 18 - 22 and 16 - 22 days earlier;harvest dates are 25 - 40 days earlier. Sugar concentrations increased significantly, but yields decreased. Annual rainfall has not significantly risen, while the mean annual minimum and maximum air-temperatures rose by ~0.9°C, and by ~3.4°C, respectively, resulting in an average increase of the mean annual temperature of ~2.1°C. Remarkably, both mean monthly minimum and maximum temperatures rose especially in springtime, which should have been the driver for earlier bud break and flowering. A change in the climatic conditions, therefore, appears to be one of the key reasons for more favorable grapevine production in Palatinate, especially for “Pinot Noir”, which showed the highest increase in sugar concentrations. The Huglin-index, a measure for the suitability of growing specific grapevine varieties in given environments, increased from 1685 to 2063. According to this index, the climate change may be favorable already for growing grape varieties so far rarely grown in temperate zones, such as “Cabernet Sauvignon”, “Syrah” and “Tempranillo” that are more suited to warmer, Mediterranean climates.
文摘A renewed interest in interspecific varieties has recently emerged, due mainly to producers and consumers more aware of organic farming and impact of phytochemicals in the environment. The assessment of 19 European Vitis hybrids was investigated in an area mostly dedicated to viticulture, the North-EasternItaly. Major agronomic traits, yield, quality characteristics and disease resistance were evaluated during a three-year period (2004 to 2006). Wine sensory analyses were performed and compared with international Vitis vinifera varieties. Even though no genotypes resulted adequate for market release, the results obtained confirm the potential importance of hybrids in an “eco-friendly” viticulture and identify the genotypes interesting for further investigation and breeding: GF 138-3 and GA 48-12 showed good agronomic performance, resistance to more grape diseases and high quality wine.
