Due to rapid development in the past decade, air transportation system has attracted considerable research attention from diverse communities. While most of the previous studies focused on airline networks, here we sy...Due to rapid development in the past decade, air transportation system has attracted considerable research attention from diverse communities. While most of the previous studies focused on airline networks, here we systematically explore the robustness of the Chinese air route network, and identify the vital edges which form the backbone of Chinese air transportation system.Specifically, we employ a memetic algorithm to minimize the network robustness after removing certain edges, and hence the solution of this model is the set of vital edges. Counterintuitively,our results show that the most vital edges are not necessarily the edges of the highest topological importance, for which we provide an extensive explanation from the microscope view. Our findings also offer new insights to understanding and optimizing other real-world network systems.展开更多
Background：Progressive bulbar palsy （PBP） is a classic phenotype ofbulbar onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） with more rapid progression and worse prognosis.However,as an often under-understood variant of ...Background：Progressive bulbar palsy （PBP） is a classic phenotype ofbulbar onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） with more rapid progression and worse prognosis.However,as an often under-understood variant of ALS,isolated bulbar palsy （IBP） appears to progress more slowly and has a relatively benign prognosis.This study aimed to investigate the natural course and clinical features of IBP in Chinese population and to compare them with those of PBP.Methods：The clinical data of patients with bulbar onset ALS were collected from January 2009 to December 2013.Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale （ALSFRS-R）,forced vital capacity （FVC）,and follow-up evaluation were performed,and the differences in basic clinical features,ALSFRS-R,FVC,and primary outcome measures between IBP and PBP were analyzed.The independent t-test,Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U-test,and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used.Results：Totally 154 patients with bulbar onset ALS were categorized into two groups,33 with IBP and 121 with PBP.In the IBP group,the male to female ratio was 0.7 to 1.0,and the mean onset age was 58.5 years.The mean duration from the onset was 16.0 months,and the mean ALSFRS-R score was 43.4 at patients＇ first visit to our hospital.In 14 IBP patients performing FVC examination,the mean FVC value was 90.5% and there were only two cases with abnormal FVC.In 26 IBP patients completing follow-up,15 （58%） suffered death or tracheotomy and the mean survival time was 40.5 months.Significant differences were noted in sex ratio,onset age,ALSFRS-R score,upper motor neuron limb signs,pure lower motor neuron （LMN） bulbar signs,FVC,and survival time between IBP and PBP.Conclusions：IBP was evidently different from PBP.which was characterized with the predominance of female,pure LMN bulbar signs,an older onset age,a relative preservation of respiratory function,and a better prognosis.展开更多
Awareness on nutritive value and health benefits of rice is of vital importance in order to increase the consumption of rice in daily diet of the human beings. In this study, a total of six aromatic and two non-aromat...Awareness on nutritive value and health benefits of rice is of vital importance in order to increase the consumption of rice in daily diet of the human beings. In this study, a total of six aromatic and two non-aromatic rice accessions grown in India were analysed for their nutritional quality attributes including proximate composition, mineral contents and fatty acids. Data with three replications were used to measure Pearson＇s simple correlation co-efficient in order to establish the relationship among various nutritional quality attributes. The result on proximate composition showed that Govind Bhog had the highest moisture（13.57%） and fat（0.92%） content, which signifies its tasty attribute. Badshah Bhog exhibited the highest fibre content（0.85%）, carbohydrate content（82.70%） and food energy（365.23 k Cal per 100 g）. Among the minerals, the higher Ca（98.75 mg/kg）, Zn（17.00 mg/kg） and Fe（31.50 mg/kg） were in Gopal Bhog, whereas the highest Na（68.85 mg/kg） was in Badshah Bhog, the highest K（500.00 mg/kg） was in Swetganga, Khushboo and Sarbati. The highest contents of unsaturated fatty acids viz. oleic acid（49.14%）, linoleic acid（46.99%） and linolenic acid（1.27%） were found in Sarbati, whereas the highest content of saturated fatty acids viz. myristic acid（4.60%） and palmitic acid（31.91%） were found in Govind Bhog and stearic acid（6.47%） in Todal. The identified aromatic rice accessions Gopal Bhog, Govind Bhog and Badshah Bhog and non-aromatic rice accession Sarbati were found nutritionally superior among all eight tested accessions. The nutritional quality oriented attributes in this study were competent with recognized prominent aromatic and non-aromatic rice accessions as an index of their nutritional worth and recommend to farmers and consumers which may be graded as export quality rice with good unique nutritional values in international market.展开更多
Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ...Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ordinary solution techniques lead to instability near the limit points and also have problems in case of snap-through and snap-back. Thus they fail to predict the complete load-displacement response. The arc-length method serves the purpose well in principle, received wide acceptance in finite element analysis, and has been used extensively. However modifications to the basic idea are vital to meet the particular needs of the analysis. This paper reviews some of the recent developments of the method in the last two decades, with particular emphasis on nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.展开更多
Background The respiratory system changes with age and a better understanding of the changes contribute to detect and prevent respiratory dysfunctions in old population. The purpose of this study was to observe age-as...Background The respiratory system changes with age and a better understanding of the changes contribute to detect and prevent respiratory dysfunctions in old population. The purpose of this study was to observe age-associated changes of pulmonary function parameters in healthy young adults and the elderly. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 male and female subjects aged 19 to 92 years. The subjects were divided into three groups by age： young adult （19-39 years）, middle-aged adult （40-59 years）, and the elderly （〉60 years）. The pulmonary function was measured with routine examination methods and 13 parameters including vital capacity （VC）, residual volume （RV）, functional residual capacity （FRC）, total lung capacity （TLC）, RV/TLC, forced vital capacity （FVC）, forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1）, FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow （PEF）, forced expiratory flow at 25% of FVC exhaled （FEF25）, forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC exhaled （FEF50）, diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide （DLCO）, and specific diffusion capacity of CO （KCO） were collected and analyzed. Changes in pulmonary function parameters among the influence on FEVJFVC and RV were studied further. Results Ten pulmonary function parameters including VC, FVC, pre-elderly and elderly subjects, especially the aging FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, FEF25, FEF50, TLC, DLCO and KCO decreased significantly with age in both male and female subjects （P 〈0.01）. RV and RV/TLC were increased with age （P 〈0.01）. FRC remained stable during aging. Except FRC, the linear relationship was significant between age and other pulmonary function parameters. In the pre-elderly and elderly subjects, RV had a non-significantly increasing tendency with age （P 〉0.05）, and FEV1/FVC did not change significantly with age （P 〉0.05）. Conclusion Total pulmonary function was declined tendency of RV and decreasing tendency of FEV1/FVC with advancing age, but FRC was stable, and展开更多
Compared with the measureable but limited K isotope variation in geological samples,biological samples have much larger variations in δ^41 values：from-1.3‰ to＋1.1‰ relative to the international K standard NIST SR...Compared with the measureable but limited K isotope variation in geological samples,biological samples have much larger variations in δ^41 values：from-1.3‰ to＋1.1‰ relative to the international K standard NIST SRM 3141a.Notably,higher plants generally have δ^41 values that are lower than igneous rocks,whereas sea plants（algae）have δ^41 values that are higher than seawater;the range in δ^41K values of plants encompasses the δ^41 values of both igneous rocks and seawater.Plant cells utilize different K uptake mechanisms in response to highand low-K conditions.In a low-K environment,plant cells use energy-consuming ion pumps for active uptake of K;plant cells in high-K environments use non-energy-consuming ion channels.Based on these facts and on K isotope data from sea and land plants,it is hypothesized that the different K uptake mechanisms are accompanied by distinct K isotope fractionation behaviors or vital effects.The enrichment of light K isotopes in terrestrial plants could be attributed to preferential transport of isotopically light K in the energy-consuming active uptake process by K ion pumps in the membranes of plant root cells.On the other hand,the enrichment of heavy K isotopes in algae may be caused by a combination of the lack of K isotope fractionation during K uptake from seawater via ion channels and the preferential efflux of light K isotopes across the cell membrane back to the seawater.The large variation of K isotope compositions in biological samples therefore may reflect the diversity of isotopic vital effects for K in organisms,which implies the great potential of K isotopes in biogeochemical studies.展开更多
Dear Editor,Roots,as a major organ of plants,are involved in nutrient and water acquisition,and might play a vital role in yield increase and efficient N absorption with genetic improvement.Because of the great differ...Dear Editor,Roots,as a major organ of plants,are involved in nutrient and water acquisition,and might play a vital role in yield increase and efficient N absorption with genetic improvement.Because of the great differences in growth period and pattern between the old and new rice cultivars,it is difficult to clarify how genetic improvements contribute to root growth in rice.展开更多
Objective:To examine the effects of modified Shenmai Yin on invigorating vital energy, promoting blood flow, and protection against neural impairment in an endotoxin-induced shock rat model. Methods: Ninety-six SD rat...Objective:To examine the effects of modified Shenmai Yin on invigorating vital energy, promoting blood flow, and protection against neural impairment in an endotoxin-induced shock rat model. Methods: Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (saline 20 ml/kg), shock model (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 8 mg/kg), Reformed Shengmai Yin (加味生脉饮 Pulse-activating Decoction) (LPS 8 mg/kg + reformed Shengmai Yin Injection 10 ml/kg), and dexamethasone (LPS 8 mg/kg + dexamethasone 5 mg/kg) groups. Each group was subdivided into 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 6 h time points for observation. The carotid artery was separated and connected with a biological functional system to monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP). Brain water levels, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also determined. Results: In the shock model group, MAP was progressively decreased after injection of LPS, brain water and MDA contents were increased, brain SOD activity was decreased, and capillary vessel edema in brain tissue was also observed. All these parameters were improved significantly in both treatment groups, although the effects were more marked with Shengmai Yin than with dexamethasone. Conclusion: Modified Shengmai Yin exhibits strong anti-shock and neuroprotective effects against Endotoxininduced shock.展开更多
This opinion-led review paper highlights the need for novel translational research in vital-pulp-treatment(VPT),but also discusses the challenges in translating evidence to clinics.Traditional dentistry is expensive,i...This opinion-led review paper highlights the need for novel translational research in vital-pulp-treatment(VPT),but also discusses the challenges in translating evidence to clinics.Traditional dentistry is expensive,invasive and relies on an outmoded mechanical understanding of dental disease,rather than employing a biological perspective that harnesses cell activity and the regenerative-capacity.Recent research has focussed on developing minimally-invasive biologically-based‘fillings’that preserve the dental pulp;research that is shifting the paradigm from expensive high-technology dentistry,with high failure rates,to smart restorations targeted at biological processes.Current VPTs promote repair by recruiting odontoblast-like cells in a material-dependent process.Therefore,exciting opportunities exist for development of next-generation biomaterials targeted at regenerative processes in the dentin-pulp complex.This article analyses recent research using pharmacological-inhibitors to therapeutically-target histone-deacetylase(HDAC)enzymes in dental-pulp-cells(DPCs)that stimulate pro-regenerative effects with limited loss of viability.Consequently,HDAC-inhibitors have the potential to enhance biomaterial-driven tissue responses at low concentration by influencing the cellular processes with minimal side-effects,providing an opportunity to develop a topically-placed,inexpensive bio-inductive pulp-capping material.Despite positive results,clinical translation of these innovations requires enterprise to counteract regulatory obstacles,dental-industry priorities and to develop strong academic/industry partnerships.The aim of this opinion-led review paper is to discuss the potential role of therapeutically-targeting epigenetic modifications as part of a topical VPT strategy in the treatment of the damaged dental pulp,while considering the next steps,material considerations,challenges and future for the clinical development of epigenetic therapeutics or other‘smart’restorations in VPT.展开更多
As the annual sessions of the National People's Congress(NPC),China's top legislature,and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC),the top advisory body,are c...As the annual sessions of the National People's Congress(NPC),China's top legislature,and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC),the top advisory body,are currently underway,Bejing Review presents the stories of several NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members.We hope these reports help readers understand who they are and how they work for the nation.展开更多
Millimeter waves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths of 1–10 mm,which have characteristics of high frequency and short wavelength.They have gradually and widely been used in engineering and medical fields.We h...Millimeter waves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths of 1–10 mm,which have characteristics of high frequency and short wavelength.They have gradually and widely been used in engineering and medical fields.We have identified studies related to millimeter waves in the biomedical field and summarized the biological effects of millimeter waves and their current status in medical applications.Finally,the shortcomings of existing studies and future developments were analyzed and discussed,with the aim of providing a reference for further research and development of millimeter waves in the medical field.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil compared to progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)on anxiety and vital signs of patients under spinal anesthesia.Materi...Objective:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil compared to progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)on anxiety and vital signs of patients under spinal anesthesia.Materials and Methods:This clinical trial was conducted on 120 spinal anesthesia candidates who were randomly assigned into three groups of 40 including control,PMR(Jacobsen group),and aromatherapy.The state-trait anxiety inventory was completed on surgery day and 15 min after the end of the intervention by the samples of all three groups,and at the same time as completing the questionnaire,vital signs were also measured and recorded.Results:The mean score of anxiety after intervention was lower than that before the intervention in the aromatherapy group(P<0.001).The mean score of anxiety in the aromatherapy group was significantly lower than that in the Jacobsen group(P<0.001).Moreover,data analysis showed a significant decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure scores of the PMR(P=008)and aromatherapy(P<0.001)groups and a statistically significant increase in the mean heart rate scores in the control group(P=0.002).Conclusion:The use of aromatherapy with lavender is more effective than PMR therapy in reducing the anxiety level of patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.Due to the high level of anxiety and its serious effects on the patient’s hemodynamics,aromatherapy with lavender can be used as an easy and cheap method to reduce anxiety in operation rooms.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91538204, 61425014, 61521091)National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFB1200100)National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2015BAG15B01)
文摘Due to rapid development in the past decade, air transportation system has attracted considerable research attention from diverse communities. While most of the previous studies focused on airline networks, here we systematically explore the robustness of the Chinese air route network, and identify the vital edges which form the backbone of Chinese air transportation system.Specifically, we employ a memetic algorithm to minimize the network robustness after removing certain edges, and hence the solution of this model is the set of vital edges. Counterintuitively,our results show that the most vital edges are not necessarily the edges of the highest topological importance, for which we provide an extensive explanation from the microscope view. Our findings also offer new insights to understanding and optimizing other real-world network systems.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81030019）.
文摘Background：Progressive bulbar palsy （PBP） is a classic phenotype ofbulbar onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） with more rapid progression and worse prognosis.However,as an often under-understood variant of ALS,isolated bulbar palsy （IBP） appears to progress more slowly and has a relatively benign prognosis.This study aimed to investigate the natural course and clinical features of IBP in Chinese population and to compare them with those of PBP.Methods：The clinical data of patients with bulbar onset ALS were collected from January 2009 to December 2013.Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale （ALSFRS-R）,forced vital capacity （FVC）,and follow-up evaluation were performed,and the differences in basic clinical features,ALSFRS-R,FVC,and primary outcome measures between IBP and PBP were analyzed.The independent t-test,Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U-test,and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used.Results：Totally 154 patients with bulbar onset ALS were categorized into two groups,33 with IBP and 121 with PBP.In the IBP group,the male to female ratio was 0.7 to 1.0,and the mean onset age was 58.5 years.The mean duration from the onset was 16.0 months,and the mean ALSFRS-R score was 43.4 at patients＇ first visit to our hospital.In 14 IBP patients performing FVC examination,the mean FVC value was 90.5% and there were only two cases with abnormal FVC.In 26 IBP patients completing follow-up,15 （58%） suffered death or tracheotomy and the mean survival time was 40.5 months.Significant differences were noted in sex ratio,onset age,ALSFRS-R score,upper motor neuron limb signs,pure lower motor neuron （LMN） bulbar signs,FVC,and survival time between IBP and PBP.Conclusions：IBP was evidently different from PBP.which was characterized with the predominance of female,pure LMN bulbar signs,an older onset age,a relative preservation of respiratory function,and a better prognosis.
基金financially supported by Department of Science and Technology,Ministry of Science and Technology,Government of India for an individual research fellowship(Grant No.IF120725 2012/686)
文摘Awareness on nutritive value and health benefits of rice is of vital importance in order to increase the consumption of rice in daily diet of the human beings. In this study, a total of six aromatic and two non-aromatic rice accessions grown in India were analysed for their nutritional quality attributes including proximate composition, mineral contents and fatty acids. Data with three replications were used to measure Pearson＇s simple correlation co-efficient in order to establish the relationship among various nutritional quality attributes. The result on proximate composition showed that Govind Bhog had the highest moisture（13.57%） and fat（0.92%） content, which signifies its tasty attribute. Badshah Bhog exhibited the highest fibre content（0.85%）, carbohydrate content（82.70%） and food energy（365.23 k Cal per 100 g）. Among the minerals, the higher Ca（98.75 mg/kg）, Zn（17.00 mg/kg） and Fe（31.50 mg/kg） were in Gopal Bhog, whereas the highest Na（68.85 mg/kg） was in Badshah Bhog, the highest K（500.00 mg/kg） was in Swetganga, Khushboo and Sarbati. The highest contents of unsaturated fatty acids viz. oleic acid（49.14%）, linoleic acid（46.99%） and linolenic acid（1.27%） were found in Sarbati, whereas the highest content of saturated fatty acids viz. myristic acid（4.60%） and palmitic acid（31.91%） were found in Govind Bhog and stearic acid（6.47%） in Todal. The identified aromatic rice accessions Gopal Bhog, Govind Bhog and Badshah Bhog and non-aromatic rice accession Sarbati were found nutritionally superior among all eight tested accessions. The nutritional quality oriented attributes in this study were competent with recognized prominent aromatic and non-aromatic rice accessions as an index of their nutritional worth and recommend to farmers and consumers which may be graded as export quality rice with good unique nutritional values in international market.
文摘Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ordinary solution techniques lead to instability near the limit points and also have problems in case of snap-through and snap-back. Thus they fail to predict the complete load-displacement response. The arc-length method serves the purpose well in principle, received wide acceptance in finite element analysis, and has been used extensively. However modifications to the basic idea are vital to meet the particular needs of the analysis. This paper reviews some of the recent developments of the method in the last two decades, with particular emphasis on nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.
文摘Background The respiratory system changes with age and a better understanding of the changes contribute to detect and prevent respiratory dysfunctions in old population. The purpose of this study was to observe age-associated changes of pulmonary function parameters in healthy young adults and the elderly. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 male and female subjects aged 19 to 92 years. The subjects were divided into three groups by age： young adult （19-39 years）, middle-aged adult （40-59 years）, and the elderly （〉60 years）. The pulmonary function was measured with routine examination methods and 13 parameters including vital capacity （VC）, residual volume （RV）, functional residual capacity （FRC）, total lung capacity （TLC）, RV/TLC, forced vital capacity （FVC）, forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1）, FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow （PEF）, forced expiratory flow at 25% of FVC exhaled （FEF25）, forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC exhaled （FEF50）, diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide （DLCO）, and specific diffusion capacity of CO （KCO） were collected and analyzed. Changes in pulmonary function parameters among the influence on FEVJFVC and RV were studied further. Results Ten pulmonary function parameters including VC, FVC, pre-elderly and elderly subjects, especially the aging FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, FEF25, FEF50, TLC, DLCO and KCO decreased significantly with age in both male and female subjects （P 〈0.01）. RV and RV/TLC were increased with age （P 〈0.01）. FRC remained stable during aging. Except FRC, the linear relationship was significant between age and other pulmonary function parameters. In the pre-elderly and elderly subjects, RV had a non-significantly increasing tendency with age （P 〉0.05）, and FEV1/FVC did not change significantly with age （P 〉0.05）. Conclusion Total pulmonary function was declined tendency of RV and decreasing tendency of FEV1/FVC with advancing age, but FRC was stable, and
基金supported by"1000-talent Program"of China,and National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41622301)to WL
文摘Compared with the measureable but limited K isotope variation in geological samples,biological samples have much larger variations in δ^41 values：from-1.3‰ to＋1.1‰ relative to the international K standard NIST SRM 3141a.Notably,higher plants generally have δ^41 values that are lower than igneous rocks,whereas sea plants（algae）have δ^41 values that are higher than seawater;the range in δ^41K values of plants encompasses the δ^41 values of both igneous rocks and seawater.Plant cells utilize different K uptake mechanisms in response to highand low-K conditions.In a low-K environment,plant cells use energy-consuming ion pumps for active uptake of K;plant cells in high-K environments use non-energy-consuming ion channels.Based on these facts and on K isotope data from sea and land plants,it is hypothesized that the different K uptake mechanisms are accompanied by distinct K isotope fractionation behaviors or vital effects.The enrichment of light K isotopes in terrestrial plants could be attributed to preferential transport of isotopically light K in the energy-consuming active uptake process by K ion pumps in the membranes of plant root cells.On the other hand,the enrichment of heavy K isotopes in algae may be caused by a combination of the lack of K isotope fractionation during K uptake from seawater via ion channels and the preferential efflux of light K isotopes across the cell membrane back to the seawater.The large variation of K isotope compositions in biological samples therefore may reflect the diversity of isotopic vital effects for K in organisms,which implies the great potential of K isotopes in biogeochemical studies.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (LY16C130006)the Basic Research Foundation of National Commonweal Research Institute (2014RG004-3)the National Natural Science Foundation (31501272)
文摘Dear Editor,Roots,as a major organ of plants,are involved in nutrient and water acquisition,and might play a vital role in yield increase and efficient N absorption with genetic improvement.Because of the great differences in growth period and pattern between the old and new rice cultivars,it is difficult to clarify how genetic improvements contribute to root growth in rice.
基金supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30672737)
文摘Objective:To examine the effects of modified Shenmai Yin on invigorating vital energy, promoting blood flow, and protection against neural impairment in an endotoxin-induced shock rat model. Methods: Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (saline 20 ml/kg), shock model (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 8 mg/kg), Reformed Shengmai Yin (加味生脉饮 Pulse-activating Decoction) (LPS 8 mg/kg + reformed Shengmai Yin Injection 10 ml/kg), and dexamethasone (LPS 8 mg/kg + dexamethasone 5 mg/kg) groups. Each group was subdivided into 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 6 h time points for observation. The carotid artery was separated and connected with a biological functional system to monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP). Brain water levels, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also determined. Results: In the shock model group, MAP was progressively decreased after injection of LPS, brain water and MDA contents were increased, brain SOD activity was decreased, and capillary vessel edema in brain tissue was also observed. All these parameters were improved significantly in both treatment groups, although the effects were more marked with Shengmai Yin than with dexamethasone. Conclusion: Modified Shengmai Yin exhibits strong anti-shock and neuroprotective effects against Endotoxininduced shock.
基金supported by the following grants to Emi Shimizu,National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research(NIDCR),grant number R01DE025885,R01DE031812 and a Fulbright Health Impact award 2019 to Henry F.Duncan.The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
文摘This opinion-led review paper highlights the need for novel translational research in vital-pulp-treatment(VPT),but also discusses the challenges in translating evidence to clinics.Traditional dentistry is expensive,invasive and relies on an outmoded mechanical understanding of dental disease,rather than employing a biological perspective that harnesses cell activity and the regenerative-capacity.Recent research has focussed on developing minimally-invasive biologically-based‘fillings’that preserve the dental pulp;research that is shifting the paradigm from expensive high-technology dentistry,with high failure rates,to smart restorations targeted at biological processes.Current VPTs promote repair by recruiting odontoblast-like cells in a material-dependent process.Therefore,exciting opportunities exist for development of next-generation biomaterials targeted at regenerative processes in the dentin-pulp complex.This article analyses recent research using pharmacological-inhibitors to therapeutically-target histone-deacetylase(HDAC)enzymes in dental-pulp-cells(DPCs)that stimulate pro-regenerative effects with limited loss of viability.Consequently,HDAC-inhibitors have the potential to enhance biomaterial-driven tissue responses at low concentration by influencing the cellular processes with minimal side-effects,providing an opportunity to develop a topically-placed,inexpensive bio-inductive pulp-capping material.Despite positive results,clinical translation of these innovations requires enterprise to counteract regulatory obstacles,dental-industry priorities and to develop strong academic/industry partnerships.The aim of this opinion-led review paper is to discuss the potential role of therapeutically-targeting epigenetic modifications as part of a topical VPT strategy in the treatment of the damaged dental pulp,while considering the next steps,material considerations,challenges and future for the clinical development of epigenetic therapeutics or other‘smart’restorations in VPT.
文摘As the annual sessions of the National People's Congress(NPC),China's top legislature,and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC),the top advisory body,are currently underway,Bejing Review presents the stories of several NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members.We hope these reports help readers understand who they are and how they work for the nation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81974355)Establishment of the National Intelligent Medical Clinical Research Center(Grant No.2020021105012440)Hubei Province’s New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Key Research and Development Projects(Grant No.2021BEA161).
文摘Millimeter waves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths of 1–10 mm,which have characteristics of high frequency and short wavelength.They have gradually and widely been used in engineering and medical fields.We have identified studies related to millimeter waves in the biomedical field and summarized the biological effects of millimeter waves and their current status in medical applications.Finally,the shortcomings of existing studies and future developments were analyzed and discussed,with the aim of providing a reference for further research and development of millimeter waves in the medical field.
基金financially supported by Arak University of Medical Sciences.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil compared to progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)on anxiety and vital signs of patients under spinal anesthesia.Materials and Methods:This clinical trial was conducted on 120 spinal anesthesia candidates who were randomly assigned into three groups of 40 including control,PMR(Jacobsen group),and aromatherapy.The state-trait anxiety inventory was completed on surgery day and 15 min after the end of the intervention by the samples of all three groups,and at the same time as completing the questionnaire,vital signs were also measured and recorded.Results:The mean score of anxiety after intervention was lower than that before the intervention in the aromatherapy group(P<0.001).The mean score of anxiety in the aromatherapy group was significantly lower than that in the Jacobsen group(P<0.001).Moreover,data analysis showed a significant decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure scores of the PMR(P=008)and aromatherapy(P<0.001)groups and a statistically significant increase in the mean heart rate scores in the control group(P=0.002).Conclusion:The use of aromatherapy with lavender is more effective than PMR therapy in reducing the anxiety level of patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.Due to the high level of anxiety and its serious effects on the patient’s hemodynamics,aromatherapy with lavender can be used as an easy and cheap method to reduce anxiety in operation rooms.
