The pollution and ecological risks posed by arsenic(As)entering the soil are the major environmental challenges faced by human beings.Soil phosphatase can serve as a useful indicator for assessing As contamination und...The pollution and ecological risks posed by arsenic(As)entering the soil are the major environmental challenges faced by human beings.Soil phosphatase can serve as a useful indicator for assessing As contamination under specific soil pH conditions.However,the study of phosphatase kinetics in long-term field As-contaminated soil remains unclear,presenting a significant obstacle to the monitoring and evaluation of As pollution and toxicity.The purpose of this study was to determine phosphatase activity and explore enzyme kinetics in soils subjected to long-term field As contamination.Results revealed that the soil phosphatase activity varied among the tested soil samples,depending on the concentrations of As.The relationship between total As,As fractions and phosphatase activity was found to be significant through negative exponential function fitting.Kinetic parameters,including maximum reaction velocity(Vmax),Michaelis constant(Km)and catalytic efficiency(V_(max)/K_(m)),ranged from 3.14×10^(−2)–53.88×10^(−2) mmol/(L·hr),0.61–7.92 mmol/L,and 0.46×10^(−2)–11.20×10^(−2) hr^(−1),respectively.Vmax and Vmax/Km of phosphatase decreased with increasing As pollution,while Km was less affected.Interestingly,Vmax/Km showed a significant negative correlationwith all As fractions and total As.The ecological doses(ED10)for the complete inhibition and partial inhibition models ranged from0.22–70.33 mg/kg and 0.001–55.27 mg/kg,respectively,indicating that V_(max)/K_(m) can be used as an index for assessing As pollution in field-contaminated soil.This study demonstrated that the phosphatase kinetics parameters in the soil’s pH system were better indicators than the optimal pH for evaluating the field ecotoxicity of As.展开更多
目的:跑台、功率自行车和手摇功率计测量游泳运动员VO_(2max),对比分析三种测试方法。方法:34名游泳运动员分别用三种方法测试VO_(2max),对测试的VO_(2max)进行Paired-Samples T Test和Pearson相关性分析。结果:跑台、功率自行车和手摇...目的:跑台、功率自行车和手摇功率计测量游泳运动员VO_(2max),对比分析三种测试方法。方法:34名游泳运动员分别用三种方法测试VO_(2max),对测试的VO_(2max)进行Paired-Samples T Test和Pearson相关性分析。结果:跑台、功率自行车和手摇功率计测试VO_(2max)均值分别为4914.6±789.91、4424.2±560.85、2859.2±347.52ml·omin-1。跑台-功率自行车、跑台-手摇功率计、功率自行车-手摇功率计配对t检验,p值为0.000、0.007、0.004。Pearson相关分析,跑台-功率自行车(r=0.920,P<0.001);跑台-手摇功率计(r=0.754,P<0.05);功率自行车-手摇功率计(r=0.801,P<0.01)。结论:三种方法两-两间高度相关,均可用来测量游泳运动员的最大摄氧量,跑台和功率自行车相关度最高,建议首选跑台、其次功率自行车。展开更多
Eucalyptus clones are selected according to productivity,wood quality,rooting capacity,and resistance to drought,frost and diseases.However,kinetic and morphological parameters that determine the absorption efficiency...Eucalyptus clones are selected according to productivity,wood quality,rooting capacity,and resistance to drought,frost and diseases.However,kinetic and morphological parameters that determine the absorption efficiency of nutrients such as nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)) and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))are often not considered in breeding programs.The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological,physiological and kinetic parameters of nitrogen uptake by clones of Eucalyptus saligna(32,864) and Eucalyptus grandis(GPC23).Morphological parameters in shoot and root systems,biomass and N concentrations in different organs,photosynthetic pigment concentrations,parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic rates were evaluated.Kinetic parameters,maximum absorption velocity(V_(max)),Michaelis-Menten constant(K_(m)),minimum concentration(C_(min)) and influx(I) were calculated for NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+) in the two clones.E.granais clone was more efficient in the uptake of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+),and showed lower K_(m) and C_(min)values,allowing for the absorption of nitrogen at low concentrations due to the high affinity of the absorption sites of clone roots to NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+).Higher root lengths,area and volume helped the E.grandis clone in absorption efficiency and consequently,resulted in higher root and shoot biomass.The E.saligna clone had higher K_(m) and Cmin for NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+),indicating adaptation to environments with higher N availability.The results of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+) kinetic parameters indicate that they can be used in Eucalyptus clone selection and breeding programs as they can predict the ability of clones to absorb NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+) at different concentrations.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42377023,42007303,and 41571245)the National key research and development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2019YFC1804101)Shaanxi Basic Research Program of Natural Science General Project(General)(No.2022JM-145).
文摘The pollution and ecological risks posed by arsenic(As)entering the soil are the major environmental challenges faced by human beings.Soil phosphatase can serve as a useful indicator for assessing As contamination under specific soil pH conditions.However,the study of phosphatase kinetics in long-term field As-contaminated soil remains unclear,presenting a significant obstacle to the monitoring and evaluation of As pollution and toxicity.The purpose of this study was to determine phosphatase activity and explore enzyme kinetics in soils subjected to long-term field As contamination.Results revealed that the soil phosphatase activity varied among the tested soil samples,depending on the concentrations of As.The relationship between total As,As fractions and phosphatase activity was found to be significant through negative exponential function fitting.Kinetic parameters,including maximum reaction velocity(Vmax),Michaelis constant(Km)and catalytic efficiency(V_(max)/K_(m)),ranged from 3.14×10^(−2)–53.88×10^(−2) mmol/(L·hr),0.61–7.92 mmol/L,and 0.46×10^(−2)–11.20×10^(−2) hr^(−1),respectively.Vmax and Vmax/Km of phosphatase decreased with increasing As pollution,while Km was less affected.Interestingly,Vmax/Km showed a significant negative correlationwith all As fractions and total As.The ecological doses(ED10)for the complete inhibition and partial inhibition models ranged from0.22–70.33 mg/kg and 0.001–55.27 mg/kg,respectively,indicating that V_(max)/K_(m) can be used as an index for assessing As pollution in field-contaminated soil.This study demonstrated that the phosphatase kinetics parameters in the soil’s pH system were better indicators than the optimal pH for evaluating the field ecotoxicity of As.
文摘目的:跑台、功率自行车和手摇功率计测量游泳运动员VO_(2max),对比分析三种测试方法。方法:34名游泳运动员分别用三种方法测试VO_(2max),对测试的VO_(2max)进行Paired-Samples T Test和Pearson相关性分析。结果:跑台、功率自行车和手摇功率计测试VO_(2max)均值分别为4914.6±789.91、4424.2±560.85、2859.2±347.52ml·omin-1。跑台-功率自行车、跑台-手摇功率计、功率自行车-手摇功率计配对t检验,p值为0.000、0.007、0.004。Pearson相关分析,跑台-功率自行车(r=0.920,P<0.001);跑台-手摇功率计(r=0.754,P<0.05);功率自行车-手摇功率计(r=0.801,P<0.01)。结论:三种方法两-两间高度相关,均可用来测量游泳运动员的最大摄氧量,跑台和功率自行车相关度最高,建议首选跑台、其次功率自行车。
基金funded partly by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico and Tecnológico(CNPq)。
文摘Eucalyptus clones are selected according to productivity,wood quality,rooting capacity,and resistance to drought,frost and diseases.However,kinetic and morphological parameters that determine the absorption efficiency of nutrients such as nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)) and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))are often not considered in breeding programs.The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological,physiological and kinetic parameters of nitrogen uptake by clones of Eucalyptus saligna(32,864) and Eucalyptus grandis(GPC23).Morphological parameters in shoot and root systems,biomass and N concentrations in different organs,photosynthetic pigment concentrations,parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic rates were evaluated.Kinetic parameters,maximum absorption velocity(V_(max)),Michaelis-Menten constant(K_(m)),minimum concentration(C_(min)) and influx(I) were calculated for NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+) in the two clones.E.granais clone was more efficient in the uptake of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+),and showed lower K_(m) and C_(min)values,allowing for the absorption of nitrogen at low concentrations due to the high affinity of the absorption sites of clone roots to NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+).Higher root lengths,area and volume helped the E.grandis clone in absorption efficiency and consequently,resulted in higher root and shoot biomass.The E.saligna clone had higher K_(m) and Cmin for NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+),indicating adaptation to environments with higher N availability.The results of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+) kinetic parameters indicate that they can be used in Eucalyptus clone selection and breeding programs as they can predict the ability of clones to absorb NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+) at different concentrations.
