Breast cancer is a heterogeneous complex of diseases, a spectrum of many subtypes with distinct biological features that lead to differences in response patterns to various treatment modalities and clinical outcomes. ...Breast cancer is a heterogeneous complex of diseases, a spectrum of many subtypes with distinct biological features that lead to differences in response patterns to various treatment modalities and clinical outcomes. Traditional classification systems regarding biological characteristics may have limitations for patient-tailored treatment strategies. Tumors with similar clinical and pathological presentations may have different behaviors. Analyses of breast cancer with new molecular techniques now hold promise for the development of more accurate tests for the prediction of recurrence. Gene signatures have been developed as predictors of response to therapy and protein gene products that have direct roles in driving the biology and clinical behavior of cancer cells are potential targets for the development of novel therapeutics. The present review summarizes current knowledge in breast cancer molecular biology, focusing on novel prognostic and predictive factors.展开更多
AIM： To explore the potential prognostic role of preoperative tumor grade and blood AFP mRNA in a cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） eligible for radical therapies according to a well-defined tr...AIM： To explore the potential prognostic role of preoperative tumor grade and blood AFP mRNA in a cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） eligible for radical therapies according to a well-defined treatment algorithm not including nodule size and number as absolute selection criteria. METHODS： Fifty patients with a diagnosis of HCC were prospectively enrolled in the study. Inclusion criteria were： （1） histological assessment of tumor grade by means of percutaneous biopsies; （2） determination of AFP mRNA status in the blood; （3） patient＇s eligibility for radical therapies. RESULTS： At preoperative evaluation, 54% of the study group had a well-differentiated HCC, 42% had AFP mRNA in the blood, 40% had a tumor larger than 5 cm and 56% had more than one nodule. Surgery （resection or liver transplantation） was performed in 29 patients, while 21 had percutaneous ablation procedures. After a median follow-up of 28 too, 12-, 24-, and 36-mo survival rates were 78%, 58%, and 51%, respectively. Surgical therapy, performance status and three tumor-related variables （AFP mRNA, HCC grade and gross vascular invasion） resulted as significant survival predictors at univariate analysis. Nodule size and number did not perform as significant prognosticators. Multivariate study selected only surgical therapy and a biologically early HCC profile （AFP mRNA negative and well-differentiated tumor without gross vascular invasion） as independent survival variables. CONCLUSION： The preoperative determination of tumor grade and blood AFP mRNA status may potentially refine the prognostic evaluation of HCC patients and improve the selection process for radical therapies.展开更多
人stathmin也称原癌基因蛋白18(oncogene protein 18,Op18),是一种广泛存在于细胞质的蛋白质,其相对分子质量约为19×103,可与微管蛋白结合,参与微管和纺锤体的组装;与细胞的增殖、分化、再生和运动均有关,并具有信号活性调节的功...人stathmin也称原癌基因蛋白18(oncogene protein 18,Op18),是一种广泛存在于细胞质的蛋白质,其相对分子质量约为19×103,可与微管蛋白结合,参与微管和纺锤体的组装;与细胞的增殖、分化、再生和运动均有关,并具有信号活性调节的功能。近年来有研究发现,stathmin在多种肿瘤中高表达,并可通过调节微管的解聚,促进肿瘤细胞的运动及侵袭。Stathmin翻译后修饰状态的改变,可影响与p53蛋白的相互作用,参与肿瘤的发生发展。目前单独或者联合化疗药物使用的抗stathmin效应剂已用于某些肿瘤的治疗。虽然stathmin与肿瘤病因学的内在联系尚不十分清楚,但其作为一个潜在的肿瘤标志物或药物靶点值得进一步研究探讨。展开更多
文摘Breast cancer is a heterogeneous complex of diseases, a spectrum of many subtypes with distinct biological features that lead to differences in response patterns to various treatment modalities and clinical outcomes. Traditional classification systems regarding biological characteristics may have limitations for patient-tailored treatment strategies. Tumors with similar clinical and pathological presentations may have different behaviors. Analyses of breast cancer with new molecular techniques now hold promise for the development of more accurate tests for the prediction of recurrence. Gene signatures have been developed as predictors of response to therapy and protein gene products that have direct roles in driving the biology and clinical behavior of cancer cells are potential targets for the development of novel therapeutics. The present review summarizes current knowledge in breast cancer molecular biology, focusing on novel prognostic and predictive factors.
文摘AIM： To explore the potential prognostic role of preoperative tumor grade and blood AFP mRNA in a cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） eligible for radical therapies according to a well-defined treatment algorithm not including nodule size and number as absolute selection criteria. METHODS： Fifty patients with a diagnosis of HCC were prospectively enrolled in the study. Inclusion criteria were： （1） histological assessment of tumor grade by means of percutaneous biopsies; （2） determination of AFP mRNA status in the blood; （3） patient＇s eligibility for radical therapies. RESULTS： At preoperative evaluation, 54% of the study group had a well-differentiated HCC, 42% had AFP mRNA in the blood, 40% had a tumor larger than 5 cm and 56% had more than one nodule. Surgery （resection or liver transplantation） was performed in 29 patients, while 21 had percutaneous ablation procedures. After a median follow-up of 28 too, 12-, 24-, and 36-mo survival rates were 78%, 58%, and 51%, respectively. Surgical therapy, performance status and three tumor-related variables （AFP mRNA, HCC grade and gross vascular invasion） resulted as significant survival predictors at univariate analysis. Nodule size and number did not perform as significant prognosticators. Multivariate study selected only surgical therapy and a biologically early HCC profile （AFP mRNA negative and well-differentiated tumor without gross vascular invasion） as independent survival variables. CONCLUSION： The preoperative determination of tumor grade and blood AFP mRNA status may potentially refine the prognostic evaluation of HCC patients and improve the selection process for radical therapies.
文摘人stathmin也称原癌基因蛋白18(oncogene protein 18,Op18),是一种广泛存在于细胞质的蛋白质,其相对分子质量约为19×103,可与微管蛋白结合,参与微管和纺锤体的组装;与细胞的增殖、分化、再生和运动均有关,并具有信号活性调节的功能。近年来有研究发现,stathmin在多种肿瘤中高表达,并可通过调节微管的解聚,促进肿瘤细胞的运动及侵袭。Stathmin翻译后修饰状态的改变,可影响与p53蛋白的相互作用,参与肿瘤的发生发展。目前单独或者联合化疗药物使用的抗stathmin效应剂已用于某些肿瘤的治疗。虽然stathmin与肿瘤病因学的内在联系尚不十分清楚,但其作为一个潜在的肿瘤标志物或药物靶点值得进一步研究探讨。
