Nonfullerene organic solar cells(OSCs)have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%.While this shed light on OSC commercialization,high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through soluti...Nonfullerene organic solar cells(OSCs)have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%.While this shed light on OSC commercialization,high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing.Herein,we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(CF3SO3H).Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF3SO3H doping,the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35Ωsq−1(minimum value:32Ωsq−1),a raised work function(≈5.0 eV),a superior wettability,and a high electrical stability.The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes,hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers,thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction.The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41%(maximum value:16.61%).Besides,the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85°C,demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability.展开更多
A polyetheramine(PEA)-based Br?nsted-acidic ionic liquid(IL)was firstly prepared and used to promote the alkylation of isobutane with isobutene catalyzed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(TfOH).PEA-IL not only can reso...A polyetheramine(PEA)-based Br?nsted-acidic ionic liquid(IL)was firstly prepared and used to promote the alkylation of isobutane with isobutene catalyzed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(TfOH).PEA-IL not only can resolve the persistent problem of poor solubility of the volatile and refractory reactants,but also can satisfactorily exhibit the separation of the catalyst from product oil for reuse.The PEA-IL/TfOH catalytic system with an adjustable acidity ensures a high alkylate selectivity.Under the conditions covering a VIL/VTfOH ratio of 10:3,a temperature of 25°C,and a reaction time of 25 min,the C8-product selectivity reaches 86.63%.The PEA-IL/TfOH catalyst can be reused 13 times without a decrease in the catalytic performance.After many operating cycles,the hydrophobic PEA-IL can be easily regenerated by simply adding water.This study provides a green,economic,and highly efficient method for producing high-octane alkylate gasoline.展开更多
The efficiency of TFMSA as a cleaving reagent for peptidyl resin(I-VIII)was evaluated by quantitative ninhydrin test of peptide substitution degree(SD)on resin.Under different conditions,such as variation of C-termina...The efficiency of TFMSA as a cleaving reagent for peptidyl resin(I-VIII)was evaluated by quantitative ninhydrin test of peptide substitution degree(SD)on resin.Under different conditions,such as variation of C-terminal residue,resin linkage,the temperature and reaction time etc.,TFMSA can be used very conveniently instead of HF in many cases.展开更多
The Br?nsted-acidic polyether ionic liquids(ILs)with different polymerization degrees(n value)were prepared via the reaction of tetramethylguanidine and epoxy ethane,followed by successive reactions with 1,3-propane s...The Br?nsted-acidic polyether ionic liquids(ILs)with different polymerization degrees(n value)were prepared via the reaction of tetramethylguanidine and epoxy ethane,followed by successive reactions with 1,3-propane sultone and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(TfOH).The prepared ILs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and their thermal stability was determined by thermal gravimetry.The synthesized polyether ILs coupled with TfOH were used to catalyze the alkylation reaction of isobutane and isobutene for the preparation of alkylate gasoline.The polyether ILs could improve the substrate dissolution and promote the separation of the catalyst from the products.The ideal IL(n=94)was determined.The optimized alkylation reaction conditions covered:a VTfOH/VIL ratio of 0.35,a reaction temperature of 40℃,a reaction time of 50 min,and a stirring speed of 800 r/min.The conversion of isobutene was 92.4%and the selectivity for the C8-product was 81.6%.Under optimal conditions,the catalyst life was determined and TfOH showed improved cyclic performance in the polyether ILs.After 8 operating cycles,the catalytic activity of the catalyst showed negligible decline.展开更多
研究了三氟甲烷磺酸(HOTf)催化氧化1-茚酮的性能,考察了HOTf、H2O2的用量、反应时间、反应温度和溶剂等几个因素对反应的影响,并与用其它几种质子酸的反应结果进行了比较.研究结果表明,以HOTf为催化剂时反应效果最好,0.1 g 1-茚酮在0.5 ...研究了三氟甲烷磺酸(HOTf)催化氧化1-茚酮的性能,考察了HOTf、H2O2的用量、反应时间、反应温度和溶剂等几个因素对反应的影响,并与用其它几种质子酸的反应结果进行了比较.研究结果表明,以HOTf为催化剂时反应效果最好,0.1 g 1-茚酮在0.5 mL HOTf、0.32 mL 30%H2O2和2 mL 2,2,3,3-四氟-1-丙醇(TFP)体系中,恒温60℃反应4 h,转化率可以达到86%,产物邻羟基苯丙酸的选择性达98%.可能的反应机理是:1-茚酮先经过Baeyer-Villiger反应生成二氢香豆素,后者进一步水解得到邻羟基苯丙酸.展开更多
基金The authors acknowledge funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61974150 and 51773213)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDB-SSW-JSC047)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the CAS-EU S&T cooperation partner program(174433KYSB20150013)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(2018A610135).
文摘Nonfullerene organic solar cells(OSCs)have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%.While this shed light on OSC commercialization,high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing.Herein,we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(CF3SO3H).Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF3SO3H doping,the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35Ωsq−1(minimum value:32Ωsq−1),a raised work function(≈5.0 eV),a superior wettability,and a high electrical stability.The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes,hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers,thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction.The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41%(maximum value:16.61%).Besides,the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85°C,demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21476120,21805158)the Shandong Province Priority Development Plan of China(Nos.2017GGX40107,2019GGX102021)。
文摘A polyetheramine(PEA)-based Br?nsted-acidic ionic liquid(IL)was firstly prepared and used to promote the alkylation of isobutane with isobutene catalyzed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(TfOH).PEA-IL not only can resolve the persistent problem of poor solubility of the volatile and refractory reactants,but also can satisfactorily exhibit the separation of the catalyst from product oil for reuse.The PEA-IL/TfOH catalytic system with an adjustable acidity ensures a high alkylate selectivity.Under the conditions covering a VIL/VTfOH ratio of 10:3,a temperature of 25°C,and a reaction time of 25 min,the C8-product selectivity reaches 86.63%.The PEA-IL/TfOH catalyst can be reused 13 times without a decrease in the catalytic performance.After many operating cycles,the hydrophobic PEA-IL can be easily regenerated by simply adding water.This study provides a green,economic,and highly efficient method for producing high-octane alkylate gasoline.
文摘The efficiency of TFMSA as a cleaving reagent for peptidyl resin(I-VIII)was evaluated by quantitative ninhydrin test of peptide substitution degree(SD)on resin.Under different conditions,such as variation of C-terminal residue,resin linkage,the temperature and reaction time etc.,TFMSA can be used very conveniently instead of HF in many cases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21476120)the Shandong Province Prioritized Development Plan (2017GGX40107)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province in China (ts201511033)
文摘The Br?nsted-acidic polyether ionic liquids(ILs)with different polymerization degrees(n value)were prepared via the reaction of tetramethylguanidine and epoxy ethane,followed by successive reactions with 1,3-propane sultone and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(TfOH).The prepared ILs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and their thermal stability was determined by thermal gravimetry.The synthesized polyether ILs coupled with TfOH were used to catalyze the alkylation reaction of isobutane and isobutene for the preparation of alkylate gasoline.The polyether ILs could improve the substrate dissolution and promote the separation of the catalyst from the products.The ideal IL(n=94)was determined.The optimized alkylation reaction conditions covered:a VTfOH/VIL ratio of 0.35,a reaction temperature of 40℃,a reaction time of 50 min,and a stirring speed of 800 r/min.The conversion of isobutene was 92.4%and the selectivity for the C8-product was 81.6%.Under optimal conditions,the catalyst life was determined and TfOH showed improved cyclic performance in the polyether ILs.After 8 operating cycles,the catalytic activity of the catalyst showed negligible decline.
文摘研究了三氟甲烷磺酸(HOTf)催化氧化1-茚酮的性能,考察了HOTf、H2O2的用量、反应时间、反应温度和溶剂等几个因素对反应的影响,并与用其它几种质子酸的反应结果进行了比较.研究结果表明,以HOTf为催化剂时反应效果最好,0.1 g 1-茚酮在0.5 mL HOTf、0.32 mL 30%H2O2和2 mL 2,2,3,3-四氟-1-丙醇(TFP)体系中,恒温60℃反应4 h,转化率可以达到86%,产物邻羟基苯丙酸的选择性达98%.可能的反应机理是:1-茚酮先经过Baeyer-Villiger反应生成二氢香豆素,后者进一步水解得到邻羟基苯丙酸.
