Abstract： Innovation is a process of taking an original idea and converting it into a business value, in which the engineers face some inventive problems which can be solved hardly by experience. TRIZ, as a new theor...Abstract： Innovation is a process of taking an original idea and converting it into a business value, in which the engineers face some inventive problems which can be solved hardly by experience. TRIZ, as a new theory for companies in China, provides both conceptual and procedural knowledge for finding and solving inventive problems. Because the government plays a leading role in the diffusion of TRIZ, too many companies from different industries are waiting to be trained, but the quantity of the trainers mastering TRIZ is incompatible with that requirement. In this context, to improve the training effect, an interactive training model of TRIZ for the mechanical engineers in China is developed and the implementation in the form of training classes is carried out. The training process is divided into 6 phases as follows： selecting engineers, training stage-l, finding problems, training stage-2, finding solutions and summing up. The government, TRIZ institutions and companies to join the programs interact during the process. The government initiates and monitors a project in form of a training class of TRIZ and selects companies to join the programs. Each selected companies choose a few engineers to join the class and supervises the training result. The TRIZ institutions design the training courses and carry out training curriculum. With the beginning of the class, an effective communication channel is established by means of interview, discussion face to face, E-mail, QQ and so on. After two years training practices, the results show that innovative abilities of the engineers to join and pass the final examinations increased distinctly, and most of companies joined the training class have taken congnizance of the power of TRIZ for product innovation. This research proposes an interactive training model of TRIZ for mechanical engineers in China to expedite the knowledge diffusion of TRIZ.展开更多
调节性 T 细胞(Tr)在诱导和维持移植免疫耐受过程中的作用越来越受到人们的重视。根据不同的细胞表型和功能已将 Tr 分为若干亚类,首先是胸腺内 T 细胞发育过程中自然产生的 CD4^+T细胞亚群,能够构成性表达 IL-2受体的α链(CD25)存在于...调节性 T 细胞(Tr)在诱导和维持移植免疫耐受过程中的作用越来越受到人们的重视。根据不同的细胞表型和功能已将 Tr 分为若干亚类,首先是胸腺内 T 细胞发育过程中自然产生的 CD4^+T细胞亚群,能够构成性表达 IL-2受体的α链(CD25)存在于外周,体内体外均可抑制效应性 T 细胞的增殖和功能;其次是产生于正常的免疫应答过程中的诱导性 Tr 亚群,包括 Tr1和 Th3通过分泌细胞因子如 IL-10和 TGF-β发挥抑制作用。除此之外,也有报道 CD8^+Tr、双阴性 T(DNT)细胞和 NK T 细胞在移植耐受的不同模型中亦发挥重要作用。因而研究各种 Tr 亚群的生物学特征、调节机制及其在移植耐受中的作用非常必要。展开更多
1型调节性T细胞(type 1 regulatory T cells,Tr1)是调节性T细胞中的一种,它可分泌免疫抑制因子IL-10,或通过接触抑制机制,对效应性T细胞产生强大的抑制作用,在多种免疫性疾病包括哮喘中起重要作用。本文就Tr1的来源,生物学特性,与哮喘...1型调节性T细胞(type 1 regulatory T cells,Tr1)是调节性T细胞中的一种,它可分泌免疫抑制因子IL-10,或通过接触抑制机制,对效应性T细胞产生强大的抑制作用,在多种免疫性疾病包括哮喘中起重要作用。本文就Tr1的来源,生物学特性,与哮喘的发生机制,尤其与哮喘的治疗关系做一综述,以探讨哮喘治疗的新思路。展开更多
The two-sided rank-one (TR1) update method was introduced by Griewank and Walther (2002) for solving nonlinear equations. It generates dense approximations of the Jacobian and thus is not applicable to large-scale spa...The two-sided rank-one (TR1) update method was introduced by Griewank and Walther (2002) for solving nonlinear equations. It generates dense approximations of the Jacobian and thus is not applicable to large-scale sparse problems. To overcome this difficulty, we propose sparse extensions of the TR1 update and give some convergence analysis. The numerical experiments show that some of our extensions are superior to the TR1 update method. Some convergence analysis is also presented.展开更多
Type 1 regulatory T(Tr1)cells are Foxp3-negative regulatory CD4+T cells that develop outside of the thymus and mediate regulatory functions in large part by producing the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10.
提出了基于对称双边两路测距(SDS-TWR)机制的无线定位节点设计方案。定位节点采用NA5TR1为无线定位节点的核心器件,该器件内部集成了具有双边两路测距功能的模块和2.45 GHz ISM RF收发器,利用ATmega644v单片机为控制器,完成无线定位节...提出了基于对称双边两路测距(SDS-TWR)机制的无线定位节点设计方案。定位节点采用NA5TR1为无线定位节点的核心器件,该器件内部集成了具有双边两路测距功能的模块和2.45 GHz ISM RF收发器,利用ATmega644v单片机为控制器,完成无线定位节点的整体设计,并给出无线定位节点电路原理图。节点通过测量不同基站间数据延迟时间差,实时计算出基站间的距离,经上位机对距离数据的处理,实现对目标的定位。测试结果表明,定位节点测距精度高,通信最远距离达600 m。展开更多
Tolerogenic dendritic cells(DCs)are key players in maintaining immunological homeostasis,dampening immune responses,and promoting tolerance.DC-10,a tolerogenic population of human IL-10-producing DCs characterized by ...Tolerogenic dendritic cells(DCs)are key players in maintaining immunological homeostasis,dampening immune responses,and promoting tolerance.DC-10,a tolerogenic population of human IL-10-producing DCs characterized by the expression of HLA-G and ILT4,play a pivotal role in promoting tolerance via T regulatory type 1(Tr1)cells.Thus far,the absence of markers that uniquely identify DC-10 has limited in vivo studies.By in vitro gene expression profiling of differentiated human DCs,we identified CD141 and CD163 as surface markers for DC-10.The coexpression of CD141 and CD163 in combination with CD14 and CD16 enables the ex vivo isolation of DC-10 from the peripheral blood.CD14+CD16+CD141+CD163+cells isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy subjects(ex vivo DC-10)produced spontaneously and upon activation of IL-10 and limited levels of IL-12.Moreover,in vitro stimulation of allogeneic naive CD4+T cells with ex vivo DC-10 induced the differentiation of alloantigen-specific CD49b+LAG-3+Tr1 cells.Finally,ex vivo DC-10 and in vitro generated DC-10 exhibited a similar transcriptional profile,which are characterized by an anti-inflammatory and pro-tolerogenic signature.These results provide new insights into the phenotype and molecular signature of DC-10 and highlight the tolerogenic properties of circulating DC-10.These findings open the opportunity to track DC-10 in vivo and to define their role in physiological and pathological settings.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51275153,51105128)National Innovation Project of China(Grant No.2011IM010200)Social Science Planning Fund Program of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.HB13GL050)
文摘Abstract： Innovation is a process of taking an original idea and converting it into a business value, in which the engineers face some inventive problems which can be solved hardly by experience. TRIZ, as a new theory for companies in China, provides both conceptual and procedural knowledge for finding and solving inventive problems. Because the government plays a leading role in the diffusion of TRIZ, too many companies from different industries are waiting to be trained, but the quantity of the trainers mastering TRIZ is incompatible with that requirement. In this context, to improve the training effect, an interactive training model of TRIZ for the mechanical engineers in China is developed and the implementation in the form of training classes is carried out. The training process is divided into 6 phases as follows： selecting engineers, training stage-l, finding problems, training stage-2, finding solutions and summing up. The government, TRIZ institutions and companies to join the programs interact during the process. The government initiates and monitors a project in form of a training class of TRIZ and selects companies to join the programs. Each selected companies choose a few engineers to join the class and supervises the training result. The TRIZ institutions design the training courses and carry out training curriculum. With the beginning of the class, an effective communication channel is established by means of interview, discussion face to face, E-mail, QQ and so on. After two years training practices, the results show that innovative abilities of the engineers to join and pass the final examinations increased distinctly, and most of companies joined the training class have taken congnizance of the power of TRIZ for product innovation. This research proposes an interactive training model of TRIZ for mechanical engineers in China to expedite the knowledge diffusion of TRIZ.
文摘调节性 T 细胞(Tr)在诱导和维持移植免疫耐受过程中的作用越来越受到人们的重视。根据不同的细胞表型和功能已将 Tr 分为若干亚类,首先是胸腺内 T 细胞发育过程中自然产生的 CD4^+T细胞亚群,能够构成性表达 IL-2受体的α链(CD25)存在于外周,体内体外均可抑制效应性 T 细胞的增殖和功能;其次是产生于正常的免疫应答过程中的诱导性 Tr 亚群,包括 Tr1和 Th3通过分泌细胞因子如 IL-10和 TGF-β发挥抑制作用。除此之外,也有报道 CD8^+Tr、双阴性 T(DNT)细胞和 NK T 细胞在移植耐受的不同模型中亦发挥重要作用。因而研究各种 Tr 亚群的生物学特征、调节机制及其在移植耐受中的作用非常必要。
文摘1型调节性T细胞(type 1 regulatory T cells,Tr1)是调节性T细胞中的一种,它可分泌免疫抑制因子IL-10,或通过接触抑制机制,对效应性T细胞产生强大的抑制作用,在多种免疫性疾病包括哮喘中起重要作用。本文就Tr1的来源,生物学特性,与哮喘的发生机制,尤其与哮喘的治疗关系做一综述,以探讨哮喘治疗的新思路。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10571171, 10831006)Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowledge Innovation Grant (Grant No. kjcx-yws7-03)
文摘The two-sided rank-one (TR1) update method was introduced by Griewank and Walther (2002) for solving nonlinear equations. It generates dense approximations of the Jacobian and thus is not applicable to large-scale sparse problems. To overcome this difficulty, we propose sparse extensions of the TR1 update and give some convergence analysis. The numerical experiments show that some of our extensions are superior to the TR1 update method. Some convergence analysis is also presented.
文摘Type 1 regulatory T(Tr1)cells are Foxp3-negative regulatory CD4+T cells that develop outside of the thymus and mediate regulatory functions in large part by producing the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10.
文摘提出了基于对称双边两路测距(SDS-TWR)机制的无线定位节点设计方案。定位节点采用NA5TR1为无线定位节点的核心器件,该器件内部集成了具有双边两路测距功能的模块和2.45 GHz ISM RF收发器,利用ATmega644v单片机为控制器,完成无线定位节点的整体设计,并给出无线定位节点电路原理图。节点通过测量不同基站间数据延迟时间差,实时计算出基站间的距离,经上位机对距离数据的处理,实现对目标的定位。测试结果表明,定位节点测距精度高,通信最远距离达600 m。
基金This work was supported by research funding from the Italian Telethon Foundation(TGT17G01)the Italian Assodation for Cancer Research,IG-18540,AIRC 2016 to S.G.+1 种基金by COST Action BM1305 A-FAACT(http://www.afactt.eu)and COST Action BM1404 Mye EUNITER(http://www.mye euniter.eu)COST is supported by the EU Framework Program Horizon 2020.MJ.U.was supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Grant#DGE-1147470.
文摘Tolerogenic dendritic cells(DCs)are key players in maintaining immunological homeostasis,dampening immune responses,and promoting tolerance.DC-10,a tolerogenic population of human IL-10-producing DCs characterized by the expression of HLA-G and ILT4,play a pivotal role in promoting tolerance via T regulatory type 1(Tr1)cells.Thus far,the absence of markers that uniquely identify DC-10 has limited in vivo studies.By in vitro gene expression profiling of differentiated human DCs,we identified CD141 and CD163 as surface markers for DC-10.The coexpression of CD141 and CD163 in combination with CD14 and CD16 enables the ex vivo isolation of DC-10 from the peripheral blood.CD14+CD16+CD141+CD163+cells isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy subjects(ex vivo DC-10)produced spontaneously and upon activation of IL-10 and limited levels of IL-12.Moreover,in vitro stimulation of allogeneic naive CD4+T cells with ex vivo DC-10 induced the differentiation of alloantigen-specific CD49b+LAG-3+Tr1 cells.Finally,ex vivo DC-10 and in vitro generated DC-10 exhibited a similar transcriptional profile,which are characterized by an anti-inflammatory and pro-tolerogenic signature.These results provide new insights into the phenotype and molecular signature of DC-10 and highlight the tolerogenic properties of circulating DC-10.These findings open the opportunity to track DC-10 in vivo and to define their role in physiological and pathological settings.
