The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing an oat winter pasture with a total mixed ration (TMR) on lactation performance of dairy cows. Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 3 × 3 ...The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing an oat winter pasture with a total mixed ration (TMR) on lactation performance of dairy cows. Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three TMR: pasture ratios at 79:21 (T1), 58:42 (T2) and 33:67 (T3) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The response to the 100% TMR diet (TMR-100) was tested using an extra period of 14 days inmediately after finishing the Latin square schedule using the nine experimental cows. Total DM intake resulted higher in TMR-100 (28.2 (kg/cow·day) and decreased by 2.64 kg/cow·day in T1, 5.02 kg in T2 and 6.68 kg in T3. Yields of milk (31.2 kg/cow·day) and fat corrected milk (26.8 kg/cow·day) was similar between T1, T2 and T3. Milk yield resulted higher in TMR-100 (32.1 kg/cow·day) compared to T2 (30.7 kg/cow·day). Milk fat concentration (g/100 g) was higher in T2 (3.13) and T3 (3.20) compared to T1 (2.96) and TMR-100 (2.85) and milk fat yield did not differ. Milk protein content resulted higher in TMR-100 and T2 averaging 3.37 g/100 g compared to T1 (3.32 g/100 g). The lowest milk protein concentration was observed in T3 (3.29 g/100 g) that resulted only different to T2. Milk protein yield did not differ between T1, T2 and T3 averaging 1.03 kg/cow·day. A lower protein yield was detected in T2 (1.03) and T3 (1.00) when compared to TMR-100 (1.07). Efficiency of milk production (kg milk/kg DM intake) resulted higher in T3 (1.42) compared to T1 (1.25). Treatments that included pasture yielded a higher efficiency of milk production when compared to TMR-100 (1.13). Plasma urea concentration resulted lower in TMR-100 (33.8 mg/dl) with no significant differences for this parameter between the other treatments. Glucose plasma levels did not differ between T1, T2 and T3 but plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) gradually increased as the proportion of pasture was enhanced according to the lower energy intake. Plasma insulin levels were higher in TMR-100 and T2 whereas concentration of somatomedin展开更多
为研究不同苜蓿和燕麦混合比例制备的发酵型全混合日粮(fermented total mixed ration,FTMR)对羔羊的生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫力的影响。试验选择健康状况良好、体况一致(17.09±0.32)kg的小尾寒羊×乌珠穆沁羊杂交一代羔...为研究不同苜蓿和燕麦混合比例制备的发酵型全混合日粮(fermented total mixed ration,FTMR)对羔羊的生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫力的影响。试验选择健康状况良好、体况一致(17.09±0.32)kg的小尾寒羊×乌珠穆沁羊杂交一代羔羊(公羔)25只,按体重接近原则将羔羊随机分为5组,每组5只。饲喂不同苜蓿与燕麦配比制备的FTMR,各试验组日粮中苜蓿与燕麦占比分别为FTMR1(苜蓿:燕麦=29:35)、FTMR2(苜蓿:燕麦=30:30)、FTMR3(苜蓿:燕麦=34:29)、FTMR4(苜蓿:燕麦=35:26)和FTMR5(苜蓿:燕麦=39:25)。预试期7 d,正试期23 d。结果表明:FTMR1组的平均日增重、总增重和干物质采食量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),FTMR2、FTMR3、FTMR4和FTMR5组总增重和平均日增重无显著差异(P>0.05);FTMR3组体高显著高于FTMR2组(P<0.05)。各组间羊血液常规指标值均处于正常范围,除白蛋白(ALB)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量在各处理组间无显著差异外(P>0.05),苜蓿与燕麦混合比例对各处理组试验羊血液生化指标影响显著(P<0.05)。FTMR2和FTMR5组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量显著低于FTMR4组,FTMR5组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量显著低于其他处理(P<0.05),FTMR5组三酰甘油(TG)含量显著低于其他处理(P<0.05);FTMR5组免疫力指标显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),其他各组间免疫力指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,苜蓿与燕麦混合制备的FTMR对羔羊生长发育、血液生化和免疫力都具有显著影响,FTMR5组饲喂效果最好。展开更多
文摘The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing an oat winter pasture with a total mixed ration (TMR) on lactation performance of dairy cows. Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three TMR: pasture ratios at 79:21 (T1), 58:42 (T2) and 33:67 (T3) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The response to the 100% TMR diet (TMR-100) was tested using an extra period of 14 days inmediately after finishing the Latin square schedule using the nine experimental cows. Total DM intake resulted higher in TMR-100 (28.2 (kg/cow·day) and decreased by 2.64 kg/cow·day in T1, 5.02 kg in T2 and 6.68 kg in T3. Yields of milk (31.2 kg/cow·day) and fat corrected milk (26.8 kg/cow·day) was similar between T1, T2 and T3. Milk yield resulted higher in TMR-100 (32.1 kg/cow·day) compared to T2 (30.7 kg/cow·day). Milk fat concentration (g/100 g) was higher in T2 (3.13) and T3 (3.20) compared to T1 (2.96) and TMR-100 (2.85) and milk fat yield did not differ. Milk protein content resulted higher in TMR-100 and T2 averaging 3.37 g/100 g compared to T1 (3.32 g/100 g). The lowest milk protein concentration was observed in T3 (3.29 g/100 g) that resulted only different to T2. Milk protein yield did not differ between T1, T2 and T3 averaging 1.03 kg/cow·day. A lower protein yield was detected in T2 (1.03) and T3 (1.00) when compared to TMR-100 (1.07). Efficiency of milk production (kg milk/kg DM intake) resulted higher in T3 (1.42) compared to T1 (1.25). Treatments that included pasture yielded a higher efficiency of milk production when compared to TMR-100 (1.13). Plasma urea concentration resulted lower in TMR-100 (33.8 mg/dl) with no significant differences for this parameter between the other treatments. Glucose plasma levels did not differ between T1, T2 and T3 but plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) gradually increased as the proportion of pasture was enhanced according to the lower energy intake. Plasma insulin levels were higher in TMR-100 and T2 whereas concentration of somatomedin
