Objective:To explore the immunomodulatory properties of 80% ethanol extract and butanol fraction of Gentiana olivieri(G. olivieri) Griseb on Balb/C mice.Methods:The study was performed with basic models of immunomodul...Objective:To explore the immunomodulatory properties of 80% ethanol extract and butanol fraction of Gentiana olivieri(G. olivieri) Griseb on Balb/C mice.Methods:The study was performed with basic models of immunomodulation such as the humoral antibody response(hemoglutination antibody titres), cell mediated immune response(delayed type hypersensitivity and in vivocarbon clearance or phagocytosis). Ethanol(80%) extract of flowering aerial parts of G.olivieriand its butanol fraction were administered p.o.(orally) to the mice. Levamisole, 2.5 mg/kg was used as standard drug.Results:There was a potentiation of immune response to sheep red blood cells by cellular and humoral mediated mechanisms comparable to levamisole(2.5 mg/kg) by both 80% ethanol extract and the butanol fraction at doses of 50-200 mg/kg in male Balb/C mice. Both significantly(P<0.01) potentiated the humoral immune response in cyclophosphamide(250 mg/kg)immunosupressed mice at 100 and 200 mg/kg of each extract and fraction as compared to control.The potentiation of delayed type hypersensitivity response was statistically significant(P<0.01) at200 mg/kg of ethanol extract and 100, 200 mg/kg of butanol fraction as compared to control. The phagocytosis was significant at 200 mg/kg with butanol fraction ofG. olivieri.Conclusions:The results reveal the immunostimulant effects of plantG. olivieriin mice by acting through cellular and humoral immunity in experimental models of immunity in mice. Butanol fraction is the most effective at a dose level of 200 mg/kg.展开更多
To modify the Passive Haemagglutination (PHA) test, a rapid test, used for qauntitative detection of viral antibodies, so that it can be used for determination of viral titres, dilutions of Infectious Bursal Disease V...To modify the Passive Haemagglutination (PHA) test, a rapid test, used for qauntitative detection of viral antibodies, so that it can be used for determination of viral titres, dilutions of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) were used to sensitize the Red Blood Cells (RBCs) before reacting them with known IBD serum. Also, to improve sensitivity of the test, different RBC concentrations were used for the test. A standard IBDV gave positive PHA reaction upto its 1:2048 dilution. With different IBDV samples, positive PHA reactions occured upto dilutions, ranging from 1:16 to 1:4096. Different RBC concentrations gave different titres for same IBDV samples. With 0.6% and 0.2% RBC concentrations, mean PHA titres of IBDV samples increased from 454. 85 ± 315.32 to 2396.57 ± 489.55 (p < 0.05 ). It was concluded that PHA can be adopted for evaluation of viral titres. To improve sensitivity of the test, use of 0.2% RBC is recommended.展开更多
Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the benefit of performing of tonsillectomy in patients with raised serum ASO titre only in absence or presence of group A beta heamolytic streptococci (GABHS) in throat ...Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the benefit of performing of tonsillectomy in patients with raised serum ASO titre only in absence or presence of group A beta heamolytic streptococci (GABHS) in throat swab. Materials and methods: In this prospective cohort study, 196 patients below the age of 14 were suffering from non-specific streptococcal infections, without fulfilling the clinical parameters used for the diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis 156 patients had a raised ASO titre above 200 iu/ml. Throat swab culture was performed in all patients. Results: The results showed that out of the 156 patients, 52 had positive throat swab for GABHS. All of the patients underwent tonsillectomy. Follow-up of the patients for one year after the operation, 88% of the first group with high ASO titre and positive throat swab showed improvement of symptoms;25% of the second group with high ASO titre and negative throat swab showed improvement of symptoms. Conclusion: Our study shows that isolation of GABHS from the patients tonsils by throat swab along with high ASO titre may be an indication of tonsillectomy in absence of any other indications.展开更多
Background: The development of a vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been a major achievement in terms of prevention of HBV infection. To evaluate the immunological status against HBV of dental-profession stud...Background: The development of a vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been a major achievement in terms of prevention of HBV infection. To evaluate the immunological status against HBV of dental-profession students, we analysed the long-term immunogenicity and effectiveness of HBV vaccination in Italian dental students with different work seniorities, determining the influence of epidemiological variables on the immune response. Methods: This study, carried out from January 2014 to April 2016, involved 361 under- and post-graduate dental students attending the Second University of Naples. HBV serum markers were determined and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the level of long-term immunogenicity. Results: Of the 361 subjects evaluated, 15 (4.2%) declared no history of vaccination. All vaccinated subjects were HBsAg/anti-HBc negative, with 86 (24.9%) having an anti-HBs titre <10 IU/L. The latter were younger, more likely to be attending undergraduate dental school, and more likely to have been vaccinated in infancy. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that assessment of HBV serum markers in workers potentially exposed to hospital infections is useful to identify small numbers of unvaccinated subjects or vaccinated subjects with low antibody titre, all of whom should be referred for a booster series of vaccinations.展开更多
This case is of Rh -ve 2nd gravida having antibody titre detected 1:2 at 8 weeks of 2nd pregnancy. Serial antibody titre carried out along with clinical examination. Fetal monitoring was done by assessing MCA-PSV (Mid...This case is of Rh -ve 2nd gravida having antibody titre detected 1:2 at 8 weeks of 2nd pregnancy. Serial antibody titre carried out along with clinical examination. Fetal monitoring was done by assessing MCA-PSV (Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity) and CTG (Cardiotocograph) when required. Pregnancy was terminated when the titre reached 1:512 at 34 wks of pregnancy with abnormal MCA-PSV values. Neonate just had begun to show sign of anaemia & haemolysis at birth.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important global health problems and active immunization is the single most important and effective preventive measure agai...<strong>Background:</strong> Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important global health problems and active immunization is the single most important and effective preventive measure against HBV infection. Several studied show that HBV carrier rate is between 2% - 7% in Bangladesh. Bangladesh introduced hepatitis B vaccination in children through Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2005 that includes 3 doses which starts from six weeks after birth. Currently booster vaccination is not recommended any more. However, many studies on different countries observed a declined level of HBs-antibody over a period of 3 - 6 years that may even reach to non-protective levels. <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the status of seroconversion and seroprotection along with non-responders of EPI vaccinated children against HBV and to measure their antibody levels in different age groups. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross sectional descriptive study was done in the department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh on 120 cases of EPI vaccinated children enrolled from January-December 2019 while attending the inpatient department without any liver problem. The development of Anti-HBs titre greater than or equal to 10 mIU/mL is considered as protective immunity and any titre less than 10 mIU/mL as non-protective following HBV vaccination. <strong>Results:</strong> Age of the children was 1 - 12 years with mean age of 5.6 ± 1.7 years and male: female ratio was 1.1:1. Among the children, 56 (46.6%) were from 1 - 5 years age, 36 (30.1%) children from 6 - 10 years age group and 27 (23.3%) children from 11 - 12 years age group. Out of 120 children, presence of Anti-HBs protective titre was in 63 (52.5%) children and non-protective level in 57 (47.5%) children. Among protective level, 34 (60.7%) children were in 1 - 5 years age group, 18 (50.0%) children in 6 - 10 years age group and 11 (39.3%) children in 11 - 12 years age group. Total 24 (2展开更多
基金financially supported by Goverment of India(grant No.SR/FT/LS-0083/2008)
文摘Objective:To explore the immunomodulatory properties of 80% ethanol extract and butanol fraction of Gentiana olivieri(G. olivieri) Griseb on Balb/C mice.Methods:The study was performed with basic models of immunomodulation such as the humoral antibody response(hemoglutination antibody titres), cell mediated immune response(delayed type hypersensitivity and in vivocarbon clearance or phagocytosis). Ethanol(80%) extract of flowering aerial parts of G.olivieriand its butanol fraction were administered p.o.(orally) to the mice. Levamisole, 2.5 mg/kg was used as standard drug.Results:There was a potentiation of immune response to sheep red blood cells by cellular and humoral mediated mechanisms comparable to levamisole(2.5 mg/kg) by both 80% ethanol extract and the butanol fraction at doses of 50-200 mg/kg in male Balb/C mice. Both significantly(P<0.01) potentiated the humoral immune response in cyclophosphamide(250 mg/kg)immunosupressed mice at 100 and 200 mg/kg of each extract and fraction as compared to control.The potentiation of delayed type hypersensitivity response was statistically significant(P<0.01) at200 mg/kg of ethanol extract and 100, 200 mg/kg of butanol fraction as compared to control. The phagocytosis was significant at 200 mg/kg with butanol fraction ofG. olivieri.Conclusions:The results reveal the immunostimulant effects of plantG. olivieriin mice by acting through cellular and humoral immunity in experimental models of immunity in mice. Butanol fraction is the most effective at a dose level of 200 mg/kg.
文摘To modify the Passive Haemagglutination (PHA) test, a rapid test, used for qauntitative detection of viral antibodies, so that it can be used for determination of viral titres, dilutions of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) were used to sensitize the Red Blood Cells (RBCs) before reacting them with known IBD serum. Also, to improve sensitivity of the test, different RBC concentrations were used for the test. A standard IBDV gave positive PHA reaction upto its 1:2048 dilution. With different IBDV samples, positive PHA reactions occured upto dilutions, ranging from 1:16 to 1:4096. Different RBC concentrations gave different titres for same IBDV samples. With 0.6% and 0.2% RBC concentrations, mean PHA titres of IBDV samples increased from 454. 85 ± 315.32 to 2396.57 ± 489.55 (p < 0.05 ). It was concluded that PHA can be adopted for evaluation of viral titres. To improve sensitivity of the test, use of 0.2% RBC is recommended.
文摘Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the benefit of performing of tonsillectomy in patients with raised serum ASO titre only in absence or presence of group A beta heamolytic streptococci (GABHS) in throat swab. Materials and methods: In this prospective cohort study, 196 patients below the age of 14 were suffering from non-specific streptococcal infections, without fulfilling the clinical parameters used for the diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis 156 patients had a raised ASO titre above 200 iu/ml. Throat swab culture was performed in all patients. Results: The results showed that out of the 156 patients, 52 had positive throat swab for GABHS. All of the patients underwent tonsillectomy. Follow-up of the patients for one year after the operation, 88% of the first group with high ASO titre and positive throat swab showed improvement of symptoms;25% of the second group with high ASO titre and negative throat swab showed improvement of symptoms. Conclusion: Our study shows that isolation of GABHS from the patients tonsils by throat swab along with high ASO titre may be an indication of tonsillectomy in absence of any other indications.
文摘Background: The development of a vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been a major achievement in terms of prevention of HBV infection. To evaluate the immunological status against HBV of dental-profession students, we analysed the long-term immunogenicity and effectiveness of HBV vaccination in Italian dental students with different work seniorities, determining the influence of epidemiological variables on the immune response. Methods: This study, carried out from January 2014 to April 2016, involved 361 under- and post-graduate dental students attending the Second University of Naples. HBV serum markers were determined and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the level of long-term immunogenicity. Results: Of the 361 subjects evaluated, 15 (4.2%) declared no history of vaccination. All vaccinated subjects were HBsAg/anti-HBc negative, with 86 (24.9%) having an anti-HBs titre <10 IU/L. The latter were younger, more likely to be attending undergraduate dental school, and more likely to have been vaccinated in infancy. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that assessment of HBV serum markers in workers potentially exposed to hospital infections is useful to identify small numbers of unvaccinated subjects or vaccinated subjects with low antibody titre, all of whom should be referred for a booster series of vaccinations.
文摘This case is of Rh -ve 2nd gravida having antibody titre detected 1:2 at 8 weeks of 2nd pregnancy. Serial antibody titre carried out along with clinical examination. Fetal monitoring was done by assessing MCA-PSV (Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity) and CTG (Cardiotocograph) when required. Pregnancy was terminated when the titre reached 1:512 at 34 wks of pregnancy with abnormal MCA-PSV values. Neonate just had begun to show sign of anaemia & haemolysis at birth.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important global health problems and active immunization is the single most important and effective preventive measure against HBV infection. Several studied show that HBV carrier rate is between 2% - 7% in Bangladesh. Bangladesh introduced hepatitis B vaccination in children through Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2005 that includes 3 doses which starts from six weeks after birth. Currently booster vaccination is not recommended any more. However, many studies on different countries observed a declined level of HBs-antibody over a period of 3 - 6 years that may even reach to non-protective levels. <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the status of seroconversion and seroprotection along with non-responders of EPI vaccinated children against HBV and to measure their antibody levels in different age groups. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cross sectional descriptive study was done in the department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh on 120 cases of EPI vaccinated children enrolled from January-December 2019 while attending the inpatient department without any liver problem. The development of Anti-HBs titre greater than or equal to 10 mIU/mL is considered as protective immunity and any titre less than 10 mIU/mL as non-protective following HBV vaccination. <strong>Results:</strong> Age of the children was 1 - 12 years with mean age of 5.6 ± 1.7 years and male: female ratio was 1.1:1. Among the children, 56 (46.6%) were from 1 - 5 years age, 36 (30.1%) children from 6 - 10 years age group and 27 (23.3%) children from 11 - 12 years age group. Out of 120 children, presence of Anti-HBs protective titre was in 63 (52.5%) children and non-protective level in 57 (47.5%) children. Among protective level, 34 (60.7%) children were in 1 - 5 years age group, 18 (50.0%) children in 6 - 10 years age group and 11 (39.3%) children in 11 - 12 years age group. Total 24 (2
