目的设计能够适应多类用户群体的多适性坐便器,让老年用户也能够平等的使用。方法以针对一般群体的主流坐便器为设计基础,合理融入老年人群的特殊需求。运用质量功能展开(Quality Function Deployment,QFD)建立多适性坐便器用户需求与...目的设计能够适应多类用户群体的多适性坐便器,让老年用户也能够平等的使用。方法以针对一般群体的主流坐便器为设计基础,合理融入老年人群的特殊需求。运用质量功能展开(Quality Function Deployment,QFD)建立多适性坐便器用户需求与设计要求关系矩阵,确定关键设计要求的目标作为功能引入FBS(Function-Behavior-Structure)模型,最终获得坐便器结构化信息。结论结合运用QFD和FBS模型展开的坐便器多适性设计研究,能够精确有效地将用户需求转化为设计要求,使最终的产品客观表现与用户需求之间能够精准映射匹配。同时验证了QFD和FBS融合应用的可行性和有效性。展开更多
Functional constipation(FC)is considered the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder in children with a pooled global prevalence of 14.4%(95%confidence interval:11.2-17.6)when diagnosed based on the Rome IV c...Functional constipation(FC)is considered the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder in children with a pooled global prevalence of 14.4%(95%confidence interval:11.2-17.6)when diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria.Its pathophysiological mechanisms are thought be multifactorial and complicated,resulting in difficult management.Currently,the most effective medication,when used in parallel with toilet training,is osmotic laxatives.Children’s adherence to medication and parental concern regarding long-term laxative use are the main contributors to treatment failure.Recently,novel therapies with a high safety profile have been developed,such as probiotics,synbiotics,serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor agonists,chloride channel activators,and herbal and transitional medicines;nonetheless,well-designed research to support the use of these therapies is needed.This review aims to focus on multiple aspects of FC in children,including global prevalence,pathogenesis,diagnostic criteria,tools,as well as conventional and novel treatment options,such as non-pharmacological management,including adequate fiber and fluid intake,physiotherapy,or neuromodulators.We also report that in very difficult cases,surgical intervention may be required.展开更多
文摘目的设计能够适应多类用户群体的多适性坐便器,让老年用户也能够平等的使用。方法以针对一般群体的主流坐便器为设计基础,合理融入老年人群的特殊需求。运用质量功能展开(Quality Function Deployment,QFD)建立多适性坐便器用户需求与设计要求关系矩阵,确定关键设计要求的目标作为功能引入FBS(Function-Behavior-Structure)模型,最终获得坐便器结构化信息。结论结合运用QFD和FBS模型展开的坐便器多适性设计研究,能够精确有效地将用户需求转化为设计要求,使最终的产品客观表现与用户需求之间能够精准映射匹配。同时验证了QFD和FBS融合应用的可行性和有效性。
基金Thailand and Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University,No.HEA663000047.
文摘Functional constipation(FC)is considered the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder in children with a pooled global prevalence of 14.4%(95%confidence interval:11.2-17.6)when diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria.Its pathophysiological mechanisms are thought be multifactorial and complicated,resulting in difficult management.Currently,the most effective medication,when used in parallel with toilet training,is osmotic laxatives.Children’s adherence to medication and parental concern regarding long-term laxative use are the main contributors to treatment failure.Recently,novel therapies with a high safety profile have been developed,such as probiotics,synbiotics,serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor agonists,chloride channel activators,and herbal and transitional medicines;nonetheless,well-designed research to support the use of these therapies is needed.This review aims to focus on multiple aspects of FC in children,including global prevalence,pathogenesis,diagnostic criteria,tools,as well as conventional and novel treatment options,such as non-pharmacological management,including adequate fiber and fluid intake,physiotherapy,or neuromodulators.We also report that in very difficult cases,surgical intervention may be required.
