Strain engineering,as a cutting-edge method for modulating the electronic structure of catalysts,plays a crucial role in regulating the interaction between the catalytic surface and the adsorbed molecules.The electroc...Strain engineering,as a cutting-edge method for modulating the electronic structure of catalysts,plays a crucial role in regulating the interaction between the catalytic surface and the adsorbed molecules.The electrocatalytic performance is influenced by the electronic structure,which can be achieved by introducing the external forces or stresses to adjust interatomic spacing between surface atoms.The challenges in strain engineering research lie in accurately understanding the mechanical impact of strain on performance.This paper first introduces the basic strategy for generating the strain,summarizes the different strain generation forms and their advantages and disadvantages.The progress in researching the characterization means for the lattice strains and their applications in the field of electrocatalysis is also emphasized.Finally,the challenges of strain engineering are introduced,and an outlook on the future research directions is provided.展开更多
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) poses a significant threat to the poultry industry. Viral protein 2 (VP2), the major struc- tural protein of IBDV, has been subjected to frequent mutations that have imparted...Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) poses a significant threat to the poultry industry. Viral protein 2 (VP2), the major struc- tural protein of IBDV, has been subjected to frequent mutations that have imparted tremendous genetic diversity to the virus. To determine how amino acid mutations may affect the virulence of IBDV, we built a structural model of VP2 of a very virulent strain of IBDV identified in China, vvIBDV Gx, and performed a molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction between virulence sites. The study showed that the amino acid substitutions that distinguish vvlBDV from attenuated IBDV (H253Q and T284A) favor a hydrophobic and flexible conformation of β-barrel loops in VP2, which could promote interac- tions between the virus and potential IBDV-specific receptors. Population sequence analysis revealed that the IBDV strains prevalent in East Asia show a significant signal of positive selection at virulence sites 253 and 284. In addition, a signal of co-evolution between sites 253 and 284 was identified. These results suggest that changes in the virulence of IBDV may result from both the interaction and the co-evolution of multiple amino acid substitutions at virulence sites.展开更多
Strain engineering is a useful strategy for modifying the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts.However,in-situ visual characterization of the strain effect on the catalytic activity at nanoscale remains a huge chall...Strain engineering is a useful strategy for modifying the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts.However,in-situ visual characterization of the strain effect on the catalytic activity at nanoscale remains a huge challenge.Herein,we performed in-situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy(EC-STM)imaging measurements at the local strained regions of extruded singlecrystal molybdenum dioxide(MoO_(2))sheets with combination of current noise analysis(n-EC-STM).The intensity-enhanced noise was observed at the local strained region compared to the unstrained regions in the same frame,which reveals the positive effect of compressive strain on the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activity of MoO_(2)provided that the intensity of noise is positively correlated with catalytic HER Faradic current.Therefore,we clearly“see”the strain-induced enhancement of HER activity of MoO_(2)at nanoscale by means of noise visualization.This work extends the visual characterization of strain engineering in electrocatalysis and related fields.展开更多
Dear Editor,Akabane disease is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by the Akabane virus(AKAV)that can affect cattle,sheep,and goats.Inapparent infections in adults can lead months later to abortions,stillbirths,co...Dear Editor,Akabane disease is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by the Akabane virus(AKAV)that can affect cattle,sheep,and goats.Inapparent infections in adults can lead months later to abortions,stillbirths,congenital defects,and death in newborns(Kurogi et al.,1976).Wild ruminants can also be affected,but abnormalities of the offspring in these species have not been reported.One report suggests that this virus can also cause clinical signs in pigs(Yanase et al.,2018).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172118,52071125,12227801)the Research Program of Local Science and Technology Development under the Guidance of Central(No.216Z4402G)+2 种基金Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.JZX2023004)Opening fund of State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics(LNM)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC0840709)。
文摘Strain engineering,as a cutting-edge method for modulating the electronic structure of catalysts,plays a crucial role in regulating the interaction between the catalytic surface and the adsorbed molecules.The electrocatalytic performance is influenced by the electronic structure,which can be achieved by introducing the external forces or stresses to adjust interatomic spacing between surface atoms.The challenges in strain engineering research lie in accurately understanding the mechanical impact of strain on performance.This paper first introduces the basic strategy for generating the strain,summarizes the different strain generation forms and their advantages and disadvantages.The progress in researching the characterization means for the lattice strains and their applications in the field of electrocatalysis is also emphasized.Finally,the challenges of strain engineering are introduced,and an outlook on the future research directions is provided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31230018,31430087)the National Science and Technology Major Project for infectious disease of China(2013ZX10004606)
文摘Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) poses a significant threat to the poultry industry. Viral protein 2 (VP2), the major struc- tural protein of IBDV, has been subjected to frequent mutations that have imparted tremendous genetic diversity to the virus. To determine how amino acid mutations may affect the virulence of IBDV, we built a structural model of VP2 of a very virulent strain of IBDV identified in China, vvIBDV Gx, and performed a molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction between virulence sites. The study showed that the amino acid substitutions that distinguish vvlBDV from attenuated IBDV (H253Q and T284A) favor a hydrophobic and flexible conformation of β-barrel loops in VP2, which could promote interac- tions between the virus and potential IBDV-specific receptors. Population sequence analysis revealed that the IBDV strains prevalent in East Asia show a significant signal of positive selection at virulence sites 253 and 284. In addition, a signal of co-evolution between sites 253 and 284 was identified. These results suggest that changes in the virulence of IBDV may result from both the interaction and the co-evolution of multiple amino acid substitutions at virulence sites.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22072039)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(No.HNU-531118010220).
文摘Strain engineering is a useful strategy for modifying the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts.However,in-situ visual characterization of the strain effect on the catalytic activity at nanoscale remains a huge challenge.Herein,we performed in-situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy(EC-STM)imaging measurements at the local strained regions of extruded singlecrystal molybdenum dioxide(MoO_(2))sheets with combination of current noise analysis(n-EC-STM).The intensity-enhanced noise was observed at the local strained region compared to the unstrained regions in the same frame,which reveals the positive effect of compressive strain on the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activity of MoO_(2)provided that the intensity of noise is positively correlated with catalytic HER Faradic current.Therefore,we clearly“see”the strain-induced enhancement of HER activity of MoO_(2)at nanoscale by means of noise visualization.This work extends the visual characterization of strain engineering in electrocatalysis and related fields.
文摘Dear Editor,Akabane disease is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by the Akabane virus(AKAV)that can affect cattle,sheep,and goats.Inapparent infections in adults can lead months later to abortions,stillbirths,congenital defects,and death in newborns(Kurogi et al.,1976).Wild ruminants can also be affected,but abnormalities of the offspring in these species have not been reported.One report suggests that this virus can also cause clinical signs in pigs(Yanase et al.,2018).