Structural characteristics and proton binding properties of sub-fractions（FA3–FA13） of fulvic acid（FA）, eluted stepwise by pyrophosphate buffer were examined by use of fluorescence titration combined with fluores...Structural characteristics and proton binding properties of sub-fractions（FA3–FA13） of fulvic acid（FA）, eluted stepwise by pyrophosphate buffer were examined by use of fluorescence titration combined with fluorescence regional integration（FRI） and differential fluorescence spectroscopy（DFS）. Humic-like（H-L） and fulvic-like（F-L） materials, which accounted for more than 80% of fluorescence response, were dominant in five sub-fractions of FA. Based on FRI analysis, except the response of F-L materials in FA9 and FA13, maximum changes in percent fluorescence response were less than 10% as pH was increased from 2.5 to 11.5.Contents of carboxylic and phenolic groups were compared for fluorescence peaks of FA sub-fractions based on pH-dependent fluorescence derived from DFS. Static quenching was the dominant mechanism for binding of protons by FA sub-fractions. Dissociation constants（p Ka） were calculated by use of results of DFS and the modified Stern-Volmer relationship. The p Kaof H-L, F-L, tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like materials of FA subfractions exhibited ranges of 3.17–4.06, 3.12–3.97, 4.14–4.45 and 4.25–4.76, respectively, for acidic pHs. At basic pHs, values of p Ka for corresponding materials were in ranges of 9.71–10.24, 9.62–10.99, 9.67–10.31 and 9.33–10.28, respectively. At acidic pH, protein-like（P-L）materials had greater affinities for protons than did either H-L or F-L materials. The dicarboxylic and phenolic groups were likely predominant sites of protonation for both H-L and F-L materials at both acidic and basic pHs. Amino acid groups were significant factors during proton binding to protein-like materials of FA sub-fractions at basic pH.展开更多
A novel sextuple hydrogen-bonding （HB） self-assembly molecular heterodimer bearing an iridium complex as the indicator dye and two carbazoles as the reference dye, namely 6HB-Irbt-Cz, was synthesized, and its molecu...A novel sextuple hydrogen-bonding （HB） self-assembly molecular heterodimer bearing an iridium complex as the indicator dye and two carbazoles as the reference dye, namely 6HB-Irbt-Cz, was synthesized, and its molecular structure was confirmed by ^1H NMR, ^13CNMR, TOF-MS and 2D NMR. Because of the inefficient energy transfer process between the carbazole and iridium complex units, 6HB-Irbt-Cz exhibits distinct fluorescence/ phosphorescence dual emission in neat film state. More importantly, the neat film sample of 6HB-Irbt-Cz could display linear ratiometric optical response toward oxygen in the full oxygen concentration range from 0 to 100 vol%, together with good stability, reversibility and rapid response-recovery times. Note that this represents the first discovery of neat-film-based oxygen sensor capable of showing strictly linear ratiometric Stem-Volmer behavior in the oxygen concentration of 0- 100 vol%.展开更多
A study is made on the previously ignored problem of the dependence of a static fluorescence quenching Stern-Volmer constant?Ksv on the initial concentration of [F]0 fluorophore F. This correlation is shown to exist. ...A study is made on the previously ignored problem of the dependence of a static fluorescence quenching Stern-Volmer constant?Ksv on the initial concentration of [F]0 fluorophore F. This correlation is shown to exist. It is concluded that the Stern-Volmer quenching constant may be used as association constant K only with .展开更多
Removing excessive free radicals （FRs） by a synthetic chemical might give a clue for treatment of many iron-mediated diseases. Deferoxamine （DFO） can be one of the chemicals of choice for the clue. To investigate ...Removing excessive free radicals （FRs） by a synthetic chemical might give a clue for treatment of many iron-mediated diseases. Deferoxamine （DFO） can be one of the chemicals of choice for the clue. To investigate photoredox properties of DFO, its quenching effect on superoxide radical （O2°）, hydrogen peroxide （H202） and hydroxyl radical （OH~） was examined using luminol and ortho-phenanthroline （o- phen） chemiluminescence （CL） systems and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Stern-Volmer equation was also used for the CL kinetics. The observed quenching effect of DFO on CL]photon production in luminol and o-phen CL systems strongly confirmed the static arm of quenching properties of DFO on OH° and H2O2, but much less pronounced on O2^-°; the quenching property was maximal when iron was involved in the reaction systems. The Stern-Volmer plots in the designed photochemical reaction systems also confirmed a potent quenching effect of DFO on FR-mediated CL. Our study highlights strong photoreducing and antioxidant properties of DFO with huge quenching capacity on excessive FRs, and thus implies its promising prospects for therapeutic applications.展开更多
The interactions of HSA with DA have received great attention nowadays due to its significant effect in the biomedical field and overall health. The main aim of this work is to examine the interaction between DA and H...The interactions of HSA with DA have received great attention nowadays due to its significant effect in the biomedical field and overall health. The main aim of this work is to examine the interaction between DA and HSA at physiological conditions. Upon addition of DA to HSA, the fluorescence emission was quenched with quenching constant Kq = 1.32 × 109 L⋅mol−1⋅s−1 and the binding constant of DA with HSA is found to be K = 4.4 × 102 mainly indicating dynamic quenching. The HSA conformation was altered upon binding of DA to HSA with an increase in α-helix and a decrease in β-sheets suggesting unfolding of HSA secondary structure due to weak intermolecular interaction with HSA. In view of the evidence presented, it is important to understand the details of the interactions of HSA with DA which will be crucial in the design of new DA-inspired drugs and help revealing vital details to better understand the HSA’s role as a transporter for many drugs.展开更多
To ascertain the molecular basis of Ca2+-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), we determined the accessibility of tryptophan residues to externally added acrylamide as quencher in the absence and ...To ascertain the molecular basis of Ca2+-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), we determined the accessibility of tryptophan residues to externally added acrylamide as quencher in the absence and presence of the metal ion. The steady-state and time resolved fluorescence data revealed that MMP-9 possesses two classes of tryptophan residues, “exposed” and “buried” which are quenched by the collisional rate constants (kq) of 3.2′ 109M-1.s-1 and 7.5′ 108M-1.s-1, respectively. These values are impaired by approximately two and three-fold, respectively, in the presence of 10 mM Ca2+. The Stern-Volmer constants (Ksv values) predicted from the time resolved fluorescence data (in the absence of Ca2+ ) satisfied the dynamic quenching model of the enzyme’s tryptophan residues. This was not the case in the presence of Ca2+;the steady-state acrylamide quenching data could only be explained by a combination of “dynamic” and “static” quenching models. A cumulative account of these data led to the suggestion that the binding of Ca2+ modulated the tertiary structure of the protein by decreasing the dynamic flexibility of the enzyme, which is manifested in further structuring of the enzyme’s active site pocket toward facilitating catalysis. Arguments are presented that the binding of Ca2+ at distal sites “dynamically” communicates with the active site residues of MMP-9 during catalysis.展开更多
Photoinduced electron transfer reaction between the excited state ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes and quinones has been investigated in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide using luminescent quenching techniques. The c...Photoinduced electron transfer reaction between the excited state ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes and quinones has been investigated in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide using luminescent quenching techniques. The complexes have the absorption and emission maximum in the range 452 - 468 nm and 594 - 617 nm respectively. The static nature of quenching is confirmed from the ground state absorption studies. The association constants for the complexes with quinones are calculated from the Benesi-Hildebrand plots using absorption spectral data. The value of quenching rate constant (kq) is highly sensitive to the nature of the ligand and the quencher, the medium, structure and size of the quenchers. Compared to the aqueous medium, the electron transfer rate is altered in CTAB medium. The oxidative nature of the quenching is confirmed by the formation of Ru3+ ion and quinone anion radical.展开更多
The interaction between captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme and human serum albumin, a principal plasma protein in the liver has been investigated in vitro under a simulated physiological conditio...The interaction between captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme and human serum albumin, a principal plasma protein in the liver has been investigated in vitro under a simulated physiological condition by UV-vis spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrometry. The intrinsic fluorescence intensity of human serum albumin was strongly quenched by captopril. The binding constants and the number of binding sites can be calculated from the data obtained from fluorescence quenching experiments. The negative value of ΔG0 reveals that the binding process is a spontaneous process. According to the van’t Hoff equation, the standard enthalpy change (ΔH0) and standard entropy change (ΔS0) for the reaction were calculated to be 35.98 KJ●mol-1 and 221.25 J●mol-1 K. It indicated that the hydrophobic interactions play a main role in the binding of captopril to human serum albumin. In addition, the distance between captopril (acceptor) and tryptophan residues of human serum albumin (donor) was estimated to be 1.05 nm according to the F?rster’s resonance energy transfer theory. The results obtained herein will be of biological significance in pharmacology and clinical medicine.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41173084,41521003,41573130,41630645,41703115 and 41503104)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8162044)the Canada Research Chair program,Einstein Professor Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the High Level Foreign Experts Program(#GDT20143200016)
文摘Structural characteristics and proton binding properties of sub-fractions（FA3–FA13） of fulvic acid（FA）, eluted stepwise by pyrophosphate buffer were examined by use of fluorescence titration combined with fluorescence regional integration（FRI） and differential fluorescence spectroscopy（DFS）. Humic-like（H-L） and fulvic-like（F-L） materials, which accounted for more than 80% of fluorescence response, were dominant in five sub-fractions of FA. Based on FRI analysis, except the response of F-L materials in FA9 and FA13, maximum changes in percent fluorescence response were less than 10% as pH was increased from 2.5 to 11.5.Contents of carboxylic and phenolic groups were compared for fluorescence peaks of FA sub-fractions based on pH-dependent fluorescence derived from DFS. Static quenching was the dominant mechanism for binding of protons by FA sub-fractions. Dissociation constants（p Ka） were calculated by use of results of DFS and the modified Stern-Volmer relationship. The p Kaof H-L, F-L, tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like materials of FA subfractions exhibited ranges of 3.17–4.06, 3.12–3.97, 4.14–4.45 and 4.25–4.76, respectively, for acidic pHs. At basic pHs, values of p Ka for corresponding materials were in ranges of 9.71–10.24, 9.62–10.99, 9.67–10.31 and 9.33–10.28, respectively. At acidic pH, protein-like（P-L）materials had greater affinities for protons than did either H-L or F-L materials. The dicarboxylic and phenolic groups were likely predominant sites of protonation for both H-L and F-L materials at both acidic and basic pHs. Amino acid groups were significant factors during proton binding to protein-like materials of FA sub-fractions at basic pH.
基金We acknowledge the financial support for this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 21372168）.
文摘A novel sextuple hydrogen-bonding （HB） self-assembly molecular heterodimer bearing an iridium complex as the indicator dye and two carbazoles as the reference dye, namely 6HB-Irbt-Cz, was synthesized, and its molecular structure was confirmed by ^1H NMR, ^13CNMR, TOF-MS and 2D NMR. Because of the inefficient energy transfer process between the carbazole and iridium complex units, 6HB-Irbt-Cz exhibits distinct fluorescence/ phosphorescence dual emission in neat film state. More importantly, the neat film sample of 6HB-Irbt-Cz could display linear ratiometric optical response toward oxygen in the full oxygen concentration range from 0 to 100 vol%, together with good stability, reversibility and rapid response-recovery times. Note that this represents the first discovery of neat-film-based oxygen sensor capable of showing strictly linear ratiometric Stem-Volmer behavior in the oxygen concentration of 0- 100 vol%.
文摘A study is made on the previously ignored problem of the dependence of a static fluorescence quenching Stern-Volmer constant?Ksv on the initial concentration of [F]0 fluorophore F. This correlation is shown to exist. It is concluded that the Stern-Volmer quenching constant may be used as association constant K only with .
基金the bureau(area)forresearch and technology of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Mazandaran University,Babolsar,Iran
文摘Removing excessive free radicals （FRs） by a synthetic chemical might give a clue for treatment of many iron-mediated diseases. Deferoxamine （DFO） can be one of the chemicals of choice for the clue. To investigate photoredox properties of DFO, its quenching effect on superoxide radical （O2°）, hydrogen peroxide （H202） and hydroxyl radical （OH~） was examined using luminol and ortho-phenanthroline （o- phen） chemiluminescence （CL） systems and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Stern-Volmer equation was also used for the CL kinetics. The observed quenching effect of DFO on CL]photon production in luminol and o-phen CL systems strongly confirmed the static arm of quenching properties of DFO on OH° and H2O2, but much less pronounced on O2^-°; the quenching property was maximal when iron was involved in the reaction systems. The Stern-Volmer plots in the designed photochemical reaction systems also confirmed a potent quenching effect of DFO on FR-mediated CL. Our study highlights strong photoreducing and antioxidant properties of DFO with huge quenching capacity on excessive FRs, and thus implies its promising prospects for therapeutic applications.
文摘The interactions of HSA with DA have received great attention nowadays due to its significant effect in the biomedical field and overall health. The main aim of this work is to examine the interaction between DA and HSA at physiological conditions. Upon addition of DA to HSA, the fluorescence emission was quenched with quenching constant Kq = 1.32 × 109 L⋅mol−1⋅s−1 and the binding constant of DA with HSA is found to be K = 4.4 × 102 mainly indicating dynamic quenching. The HSA conformation was altered upon binding of DA to HSA with an increase in α-helix and a decrease in β-sheets suggesting unfolding of HSA secondary structure due to weak intermolecular interaction with HSA. In view of the evidence presented, it is important to understand the details of the interactions of HSA with DA which will be crucial in the design of new DA-inspired drugs and help revealing vital details to better understand the HSA’s role as a transporter for many drugs.
文摘To ascertain the molecular basis of Ca2+-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), we determined the accessibility of tryptophan residues to externally added acrylamide as quencher in the absence and presence of the metal ion. The steady-state and time resolved fluorescence data revealed that MMP-9 possesses two classes of tryptophan residues, “exposed” and “buried” which are quenched by the collisional rate constants (kq) of 3.2′ 109M-1.s-1 and 7.5′ 108M-1.s-1, respectively. These values are impaired by approximately two and three-fold, respectively, in the presence of 10 mM Ca2+. The Stern-Volmer constants (Ksv values) predicted from the time resolved fluorescence data (in the absence of Ca2+ ) satisfied the dynamic quenching model of the enzyme’s tryptophan residues. This was not the case in the presence of Ca2+;the steady-state acrylamide quenching data could only be explained by a combination of “dynamic” and “static” quenching models. A cumulative account of these data led to the suggestion that the binding of Ca2+ modulated the tertiary structure of the protein by decreasing the dynamic flexibility of the enzyme, which is manifested in further structuring of the enzyme’s active site pocket toward facilitating catalysis. Arguments are presented that the binding of Ca2+ at distal sites “dynamically” communicates with the active site residues of MMP-9 during catalysis.
文摘Photoinduced electron transfer reaction between the excited state ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes and quinones has been investigated in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide using luminescent quenching techniques. The complexes have the absorption and emission maximum in the range 452 - 468 nm and 594 - 617 nm respectively. The static nature of quenching is confirmed from the ground state absorption studies. The association constants for the complexes with quinones are calculated from the Benesi-Hildebrand plots using absorption spectral data. The value of quenching rate constant (kq) is highly sensitive to the nature of the ligand and the quencher, the medium, structure and size of the quenchers. Compared to the aqueous medium, the electron transfer rate is altered in CTAB medium. The oxidative nature of the quenching is confirmed by the formation of Ru3+ ion and quinone anion radical.
基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2008BAJ08B13)for financially supporting this work.
文摘The interaction between captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme and human serum albumin, a principal plasma protein in the liver has been investigated in vitro under a simulated physiological condition by UV-vis spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrometry. The intrinsic fluorescence intensity of human serum albumin was strongly quenched by captopril. The binding constants and the number of binding sites can be calculated from the data obtained from fluorescence quenching experiments. The negative value of ΔG0 reveals that the binding process is a spontaneous process. According to the van’t Hoff equation, the standard enthalpy change (ΔH0) and standard entropy change (ΔS0) for the reaction were calculated to be 35.98 KJ●mol-1 and 221.25 J●mol-1 K. It indicated that the hydrophobic interactions play a main role in the binding of captopril to human serum albumin. In addition, the distance between captopril (acceptor) and tryptophan residues of human serum albumin (donor) was estimated to be 1.05 nm according to the F?rster’s resonance energy transfer theory. The results obtained herein will be of biological significance in pharmacology and clinical medicine.
