Objective: Kratom is widely available and literature exploring the effects of prenatal kratom exposure is lacking. This study aims to report a validated method for the detection of mitragynine in the umbilical cord an...Objective: Kratom is widely available and literature exploring the effects of prenatal kratom exposure is lacking. This study aims to report a validated method for the detection of mitragynine in the umbilical cord and report our observations for specimens received at a national commercial reference laboratory. Study Design: Assays were validated according to the recommendations of ANSI/ASB. A retrospective evaluation of records at a national reference laboratory was conducted to determine prevalence and co-exposure to other substances of abuse. Result: Mitragynine was detected in 19 of 4456 specimens (0.43%) with concentrations ranging from 4 to >50 ng/g. Thirteen (13) of these specimens were positive for only mitragynine while the other 6 were also positive for either marijuana or opiates. Conclusion: Umbilical cord is a suitable specimen type for the surveillance of maternal kratom use and can be used to identify exposed neonates for further investigations into short- or long- term health consequences.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Gastric ulcers affect people of all ages and half of the world's population,which is being considered as the new"plague of the 21st century".As is well known,gastric mucosa is known as the firs...OBJECTIVE Gastric ulcers affect people of all ages and half of the world's population,which is being considered as the new"plague of the 21st century".As is well known,gastric mucosa is known as the first guard to protect the stomach from ulcer injury,while the aetiology of gastric ulcer is relative to imbalances between gastric mucosal protective and aggressive factors.Therefore,reducing or eliminating the aggressive factors,returning to the balance of between mucosal protective and aggressive factors,and then restoring the normal functional of gastric mucosal barrier could be crucial for treating the gastric ulcer.The fruits of Chaenomeles speciosa(TCS),also known as"mugua",might be processed into edible and health care derived products,and used as a commonly used traditional medicine in China for thousands of years.In China folk,there is a saying that"apricot one benefit,pear two benefits,mgua hundred benefits",so it has a"hundred-benefit"fruit reputation.Tujia nationality inhabitants in Southwestern China should have rheumatic diseases and peptic ulcers for living in the damp environments and bingeing on spicy and pungent foods.For the exis⁃tence of the fruit derived products of Chaenomeles speciosa as their complementary foods or snacks,the habit makes them rarely suffer from the two kinds of diseases.Enlightened by these,we had investigated the structure-activity rela⁃tionships,screened out CSTT with gastroprotective activity.Our previous studies demonstrated that TCS owned effec⁃tively therapeutic effects on gastric ulcer patients and animals,and further confirmed that TFF1 and apoptotic pathway were closely interrelated with its exerting gastroprotection.However,its underlying molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated.The current study was to further investigate its protective effect on indomethacin(IND)-damaged RGM-1 cells and rats and its underlying mechanisms through modulating TFF1-mediated EGF/EGFR and apoptotic pathways.METHODS The gastroprotection of TCS was evaluated with 展开更多
Mangaba (Hancornia speciose Gomes—Apocynaceae) is an important fruit tree in Brazil and has an unexplored stock germplasm collection. Commercial varieties are unavailable and little is known about its potential as a ...Mangaba (Hancornia speciose Gomes—Apocynaceae) is an important fruit tree in Brazil and has an unexplored stock germplasm collection. Commercial varieties are unavailable and little is known about its potential as a source of genetic diversity for molecular breeding programs. Progeny tests may improve studies on commercial variability and facilitate genetic improvement of the species. Our aim was to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure of accessions and progeny from the Mangaba Genebank of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands. We estimated the genetic diversity of 96 individuals using 4 SSR markers. The mean observed heterozygosity was lower than expected, showing an excess of homozygotes, corroborated by the positive coefficient of endogamy. The genetic diversity indexes (Fst) and Nei’s unbiased genetic identity (GI) revealed, in general, moderate genetic diversity between accessions. The relationship between matrices and progenies showed that there may be a greater degree of genetic information sharing between the ABP1 and ABP2 accessions. The Bayesian analysis suggested the presence of two distinct groups of genotypes (K = 2). These results will assist future breeding programs and facilitate the conservation of mangaba.展开更多
Asexually reproducing fungi play a significant role in essential processes in managed and wild ecosystems such as nutrients cycling and multitrophic interactions.A large number of such taxa are among the most notoriou...Asexually reproducing fungi play a significant role in essential processes in managed and wild ecosystems such as nutrients cycling and multitrophic interactions.A large number of such taxa are among the most notorious plant and animal pathogens.In addition,they have a key role in food production,biotechnology and medicine.Taxa without or rare sexual reproduction are distinguished based on their sporulating structures and conidiomata in traditional morphology-based taxonomy.The number,variation and diversity of asexually reproducing taxa are insufficiently known,even though fungi capable of asexual reproduction may provide an untapped,rich biological resource for future exploitation.Currently,ca.30,000 asexual species belonging to ca.3800 genera have been reported(including 1388 coelomycetous and 2265 hyphomycetous genera).Recent reports(2017–2020)reiterate that the number of asexually producing fungi is higher than the number of frequently sexually-reproducing fungi.With the advent of molecular tools and the abandonment of the dual nomenclature system for pleomorphic fungi,priority criteria were established and revisited in the latest outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa.However,species numbers and taxonomic boundaries of pleomorphic taxa and their synanamorphs or synasexual morphs have yet to be addressed.The number of species of speciose genera(e.g.Alternaria,Aspergillus,Cercospora,Fusarium,Phoma and Pseudocercospora),cryptic species,species of pleomorphic genera,less studied life modes(such as lichenicolous taxa,taxa from extreme environments)and species from biodiversity-rich areas still need evaluation to achieve more reliable estimates of their diversity.This paper discusses the current knowledge on the matter,with diversity estimates,and potential obstacles in several chapters on(1)speciose genera;(2)pleomorphic genera;(3)cryptic species;(4)well-studied but insufficiently resolved taxa,e.g.leaf inhabiting species,marine fungi,(5)less studied life modes,e.g.lichenicolous,rock-inhabiting fungi,insect-ass展开更多
文摘Objective: Kratom is widely available and literature exploring the effects of prenatal kratom exposure is lacking. This study aims to report a validated method for the detection of mitragynine in the umbilical cord and report our observations for specimens received at a national commercial reference laboratory. Study Design: Assays were validated according to the recommendations of ANSI/ASB. A retrospective evaluation of records at a national reference laboratory was conducted to determine prevalence and co-exposure to other substances of abuse. Result: Mitragynine was detected in 19 of 4456 specimens (0.43%) with concentrations ranging from 4 to >50 ng/g. Thirteen (13) of these specimens were positive for only mitragynine while the other 6 were also positive for either marijuana or opiates. Conclusion: Umbilical cord is a suitable specimen type for the surveillance of maternal kratom use and can be used to identify exposed neonates for further investigations into short- or long- term health consequences.
基金Research Foundation of Hubei Biological Enzyme Engineering Technology Research Center(JS2018-06)
文摘OBJECTIVE Gastric ulcers affect people of all ages and half of the world's population,which is being considered as the new"plague of the 21st century".As is well known,gastric mucosa is known as the first guard to protect the stomach from ulcer injury,while the aetiology of gastric ulcer is relative to imbalances between gastric mucosal protective and aggressive factors.Therefore,reducing or eliminating the aggressive factors,returning to the balance of between mucosal protective and aggressive factors,and then restoring the normal functional of gastric mucosal barrier could be crucial for treating the gastric ulcer.The fruits of Chaenomeles speciosa(TCS),also known as"mugua",might be processed into edible and health care derived products,and used as a commonly used traditional medicine in China for thousands of years.In China folk,there is a saying that"apricot one benefit,pear two benefits,mgua hundred benefits",so it has a"hundred-benefit"fruit reputation.Tujia nationality inhabitants in Southwestern China should have rheumatic diseases and peptic ulcers for living in the damp environments and bingeing on spicy and pungent foods.For the exis⁃tence of the fruit derived products of Chaenomeles speciosa as their complementary foods or snacks,the habit makes them rarely suffer from the two kinds of diseases.Enlightened by these,we had investigated the structure-activity rela⁃tionships,screened out CSTT with gastroprotective activity.Our previous studies demonstrated that TCS owned effec⁃tively therapeutic effects on gastric ulcer patients and animals,and further confirmed that TFF1 and apoptotic pathway were closely interrelated with its exerting gastroprotection.However,its underlying molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated.The current study was to further investigate its protective effect on indomethacin(IND)-damaged RGM-1 cells and rats and its underlying mechanisms through modulating TFF1-mediated EGF/EGFR and apoptotic pathways.METHODS The gastroprotection of TCS was evaluated with
文摘Mangaba (Hancornia speciose Gomes—Apocynaceae) is an important fruit tree in Brazil and has an unexplored stock germplasm collection. Commercial varieties are unavailable and little is known about its potential as a source of genetic diversity for molecular breeding programs. Progeny tests may improve studies on commercial variability and facilitate genetic improvement of the species. Our aim was to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure of accessions and progeny from the Mangaba Genebank of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands. We estimated the genetic diversity of 96 individuals using 4 SSR markers. The mean observed heterozygosity was lower than expected, showing an excess of homozygotes, corroborated by the positive coefficient of endogamy. The genetic diversity indexes (Fst) and Nei’s unbiased genetic identity (GI) revealed, in general, moderate genetic diversity between accessions. The relationship between matrices and progenies showed that there may be a greater degree of genetic information sharing between the ABP1 and ABP2 accessions. The Bayesian analysis suggested the presence of two distinct groups of genotypes (K = 2). These results will assist future breeding programs and facilitate the conservation of mangaba.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31950410558,NSFC 31760013)Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province(No.2018FB050)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants,Guizhou Medical University(No.FAMP201906K)Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province(QKHRCPT[2017]5101)High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Provinces("Young Talents"Program and"High-End Foreign Experts"Program).
文摘Asexually reproducing fungi play a significant role in essential processes in managed and wild ecosystems such as nutrients cycling and multitrophic interactions.A large number of such taxa are among the most notorious plant and animal pathogens.In addition,they have a key role in food production,biotechnology and medicine.Taxa without or rare sexual reproduction are distinguished based on their sporulating structures and conidiomata in traditional morphology-based taxonomy.The number,variation and diversity of asexually reproducing taxa are insufficiently known,even though fungi capable of asexual reproduction may provide an untapped,rich biological resource for future exploitation.Currently,ca.30,000 asexual species belonging to ca.3800 genera have been reported(including 1388 coelomycetous and 2265 hyphomycetous genera).Recent reports(2017–2020)reiterate that the number of asexually producing fungi is higher than the number of frequently sexually-reproducing fungi.With the advent of molecular tools and the abandonment of the dual nomenclature system for pleomorphic fungi,priority criteria were established and revisited in the latest outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa.However,species numbers and taxonomic boundaries of pleomorphic taxa and their synanamorphs or synasexual morphs have yet to be addressed.The number of species of speciose genera(e.g.Alternaria,Aspergillus,Cercospora,Fusarium,Phoma and Pseudocercospora),cryptic species,species of pleomorphic genera,less studied life modes(such as lichenicolous taxa,taxa from extreme environments)and species from biodiversity-rich areas still need evaluation to achieve more reliable estimates of their diversity.This paper discusses the current knowledge on the matter,with diversity estimates,and potential obstacles in several chapters on(1)speciose genera;(2)pleomorphic genera;(3)cryptic species;(4)well-studied but insufficiently resolved taxa,e.g.leaf inhabiting species,marine fungi,(5)less studied life modes,e.g.lichenicolous,rock-inhabiting fungi,insect-ass
