In the evolution of modern railway thought,it includes not only the discussion of railway planning,sovereignty,debt,and construction,but also the discussion of spiritual guiding ideology such as“Tao,body and utility...In the evolution of modern railway thought,it includes not only the discussion of railway planning,sovereignty,debt,and construction,but also the discussion of spiritual guiding ideology such as“Tao,body and utility”and“material and spirit”.From the perspective of the relationship between road and equipment,the development of modern railway thought in China has experienced three stages.During the Westernization Movement,Li Hongzhang and other people expounded the benefits brought by railway construction from the angle of“utility”,and believed that there was still a unity of“Tao and style”.After the Sino-Japanese Naval Battle,with the emergence of the theory of railway sovereignty and the theory of dividing China,Kang Youwei and others questioned the thought of Westernization school.The unified Tao body was divided into two parts:China and the West.After the May Fourth Movement,railway,as a product of western material civilization,was compared with Eastern spiritual civilization by Liang Shuming,Li Dazhao,and others.The conflict between material and spirit made the Western“Tao style”evolve into the Europe-American way of pursuing“scientific spirit”and the Soviet-Russian way of exploring the ideas of revolution and transformation.The railway has thus become an important carrier of the“scientific spirit”and socialism.展开更多
during the early establishment of the Communist Party of China,human rights became the ideal and goal pursued by the Chinese Communists,and the discourse of human rights was vividly reflected in multiform Party docume...during the early establishment of the Communist Party of China,human rights became the ideal and goal pursued by the Chinese Communists,and the discourse of human rights was vividly reflected in multiform Party documents.The centennial history of the CPC parallels that of the Chinese people’s exploration,struggle,and practice of human rights.Based on the literature review of the changes of the CPC―human rights discourse from its founding period to the Great Revolution period,this paper expounds on the CPC’s human rights discourse and its expressions in the early days after the Party was founded.展开更多
文摘In the evolution of modern railway thought,it includes not only the discussion of railway planning,sovereignty,debt,and construction,but also the discussion of spiritual guiding ideology such as“Tao,body and utility”and“material and spirit”.From the perspective of the relationship between road and equipment,the development of modern railway thought in China has experienced three stages.During the Westernization Movement,Li Hongzhang and other people expounded the benefits brought by railway construction from the angle of“utility”,and believed that there was still a unity of“Tao and style”.After the Sino-Japanese Naval Battle,with the emergence of the theory of railway sovereignty and the theory of dividing China,Kang Youwei and others questioned the thought of Westernization school.The unified Tao body was divided into two parts:China and the West.After the May Fourth Movement,railway,as a product of western material civilization,was compared with Eastern spiritual civilization by Liang Shuming,Li Dazhao,and others.The conflict between material and spirit made the Western“Tao style”evolve into the Europe-American way of pursuing“scientific spirit”and the Soviet-Russian way of exploring the ideas of revolution and transformation.The railway has thus become an important carrier of the“scientific spirit”and socialism.
基金a phased result of the key research project“History of Chinese Human Rights Thoughts”(20XNLG02)undertaken by Renmin University of China
文摘during the early establishment of the Communist Party of China,human rights became the ideal and goal pursued by the Chinese Communists,and the discourse of human rights was vividly reflected in multiform Party documents.The centennial history of the CPC parallels that of the Chinese people’s exploration,struggle,and practice of human rights.Based on the literature review of the changes of the CPC―human rights discourse from its founding period to the Great Revolution period,this paper expounds on the CPC’s human rights discourse and its expressions in the early days after the Party was founded.
