We designed a Japanese version of the Smartphone Dependence Scale (J-SDS) for university students, and assessed its validity and reliability. For development of this scale, we initially selected 43 preliminary items b...We designed a Japanese version of the Smartphone Dependence Scale (J-SDS) for university students, and assessed its validity and reliability. For development of this scale, we initially selected 43 preliminary items based on previous studies of Internet and mobile phone dependence. Each response was scored using a Likert scale (0, 1, 2, 3), with higher scores indicating greater dependence. After administering the preliminary scale to 149 university students, the final 29 items were selected according to exploratory factor analysis. The final scale consisted of 5 factors: 1) craving and withdrawal, 2) overuse and tolerance, 3) virtual life orientation, 4) disturbance of concentration in class, and 5) physical symptoms. Reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) values for the 5 factors and total J-SDS were 0.87, 0.87, 0.76, 0.77, 0.69, and 0.92, respectively. We then summed the Likert scores for each item to provide a quantitative overall smartphone dependence score, with higher scores indicating greater dependence. The J-SDS score became significantly higher with longer hours of smartphone use (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the J-SDS is a reliable and valid scale for screening university students who may be at risk of developing smartphone dependence.展开更多
目的探讨大学生手机依赖者杏仁核亚区的功能连接(FC)变化及其与手机依赖程度的关系。方法16名手机依赖症者与16名健康对照者参加本研究,研究对象均为广州中医药大学深圳创新班的在校大学生。在西门子3.0 T Trio MRI扫描仪上行静息态功...目的探讨大学生手机依赖者杏仁核亚区的功能连接(FC)变化及其与手机依赖程度的关系。方法16名手机依赖症者与16名健康对照者参加本研究,研究对象均为广州中医药大学深圳创新班的在校大学生。在西门子3.0 T Trio MRI扫描仪上行静息态功能磁共振成像(rfMRI)数据采集。使用脑网络组图谱提取双侧杏仁核亚区,分别计算每一个杏仁核子区的功能连接值,并采用双样本t检验来分析手机依赖组与正常对照组的组间差异;人口学统计比较应用SPSS 19软件中的两样本t检验。结果两组的年龄、性别和受教育程度没有显著差异,但是手机依赖组的手机依赖评分显著高于正常对照组;与正常对照组对比,手机依赖组左内侧杏仁核与左侧前扣带,右内侧杏仁核与左侧前扣带,右外侧杏仁核与右侧楔前叶的功能连接显著降低。进一步的相关分析发现,手机依赖者的右外侧杏仁核和右楔前叶的功能连接值与手机依赖评分显著负相关。结论手机依赖者杏仁核亚区的功能连接降低,以右侧功能连接异常为主,右侧杏仁核可能更容易受到手机依赖的影响。展开更多
We investigated associations between smartphone dependence and general health status or personality traits. To 197 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evalua...We investigated associations between smartphone dependence and general health status or personality traits. To 197 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evaluate these parameters. For males, smartphone dependence positively correlated with somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and emotional instability, and negatively correlated with agreeableness. For females, smartphone dependence positively correlated with somatic symptoms, severe depression, and extraversion, and negatively correlated with social dysfunction. These findings suggest that smartphone dependence may be associated with general health status or personality traits and that there may be a gender difference in these associations.展开更多
We investigated factors contributing to smartphone dependence. To 196 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evaluate demographic characteristics, smartphone de...We investigated factors contributing to smartphone dependence. To 196 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evaluate demographic characteristics, smartphone dependence, chronotype, and depressive state. Smartphone dependence was evaluated using the Wakayama Smartphone-Dependence Scale (WSDS) with 3 subscales: Subscale 1, immersion in Internet communication;Subscale 2, using a smartphone for extended periods of time and neglecting social obligations and other tasks;Subscale 3, using a smartphone while doing something else and neglect of etiquette. Multiple regression analyses revealed that living in a family, eveningness, and presence of depression were associated with Subscale 1, that living in a family and eveningness were also associated with Subscale 2, and that being a man was associated with Subscale 3. These findings suggest that smartphone dependence can be predicted by factors such as gender, mode of residence, chronotype, or depressive state.展开更多
文摘We designed a Japanese version of the Smartphone Dependence Scale (J-SDS) for university students, and assessed its validity and reliability. For development of this scale, we initially selected 43 preliminary items based on previous studies of Internet and mobile phone dependence. Each response was scored using a Likert scale (0, 1, 2, 3), with higher scores indicating greater dependence. After administering the preliminary scale to 149 university students, the final 29 items were selected according to exploratory factor analysis. The final scale consisted of 5 factors: 1) craving and withdrawal, 2) overuse and tolerance, 3) virtual life orientation, 4) disturbance of concentration in class, and 5) physical symptoms. Reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) values for the 5 factors and total J-SDS were 0.87, 0.87, 0.76, 0.77, 0.69, and 0.92, respectively. We then summed the Likert scores for each item to provide a quantitative overall smartphone dependence score, with higher scores indicating greater dependence. The J-SDS score became significantly higher with longer hours of smartphone use (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the J-SDS is a reliable and valid scale for screening university students who may be at risk of developing smartphone dependence.
文摘目的探讨大学生手机依赖者杏仁核亚区的功能连接(FC)变化及其与手机依赖程度的关系。方法16名手机依赖症者与16名健康对照者参加本研究,研究对象均为广州中医药大学深圳创新班的在校大学生。在西门子3.0 T Trio MRI扫描仪上行静息态功能磁共振成像(rfMRI)数据采集。使用脑网络组图谱提取双侧杏仁核亚区,分别计算每一个杏仁核子区的功能连接值,并采用双样本t检验来分析手机依赖组与正常对照组的组间差异;人口学统计比较应用SPSS 19软件中的两样本t检验。结果两组的年龄、性别和受教育程度没有显著差异,但是手机依赖组的手机依赖评分显著高于正常对照组;与正常对照组对比,手机依赖组左内侧杏仁核与左侧前扣带,右内侧杏仁核与左侧前扣带,右外侧杏仁核与右侧楔前叶的功能连接显著降低。进一步的相关分析发现,手机依赖者的右外侧杏仁核和右楔前叶的功能连接值与手机依赖评分显著负相关。结论手机依赖者杏仁核亚区的功能连接降低,以右侧功能连接异常为主,右侧杏仁核可能更容易受到手机依赖的影响。
文摘We investigated associations between smartphone dependence and general health status or personality traits. To 197 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evaluate these parameters. For males, smartphone dependence positively correlated with somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and emotional instability, and negatively correlated with agreeableness. For females, smartphone dependence positively correlated with somatic symptoms, severe depression, and extraversion, and negatively correlated with social dysfunction. These findings suggest that smartphone dependence may be associated with general health status or personality traits and that there may be a gender difference in these associations.
文摘We investigated factors contributing to smartphone dependence. To 196 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evaluate demographic characteristics, smartphone dependence, chronotype, and depressive state. Smartphone dependence was evaluated using the Wakayama Smartphone-Dependence Scale (WSDS) with 3 subscales: Subscale 1, immersion in Internet communication;Subscale 2, using a smartphone for extended periods of time and neglecting social obligations and other tasks;Subscale 3, using a smartphone while doing something else and neglect of etiquette. Multiple regression analyses revealed that living in a family, eveningness, and presence of depression were associated with Subscale 1, that living in a family and eveningness were also associated with Subscale 2, and that being a man was associated with Subscale 3. These findings suggest that smartphone dependence can be predicted by factors such as gender, mode of residence, chronotype, or depressive state.
