The outbreak of the Ukraine crisis has accelerated the adjustment and power shifts of the European Union.Germany does not play the role model as it used to,its willingness and ability to make contributions have declin...The outbreak of the Ukraine crisis has accelerated the adjustment and power shifts of the European Union.Germany does not play the role model as it used to,its willingness and ability to make contributions have declined,and it has become a follower rather than a leader in the crisis response.The “Atlanticists” dominate the EU,and the “Europeanists” are weakened.Germany's all-round dependence on the United States has increased.France has lost traction on the EU,the German–French axis is absent,and the Central and Eastern European and Northern European countries are gaining momentum.Compared with other EU institutions and member states,the status and influence of the European Commission has been enhanced,leading the sanctions against Russia,participating more in the common security and defense policy,and contributing to the geo-politicization of EU economic policies.These changes will increase internal disputes within the EU,weaken the EU's international status and influence,and reduce the stability and predictability of the EU's China policy.展开更多
Drawing on a unique dataset that combines returnees’survey data and their information on research publications extracted from the Scopus database,this study systematically examines whether and how international docto...Drawing on a unique dataset that combines returnees’survey data and their information on research publications extracted from the Scopus database,this study systematically examines whether and how international doctoral mentorship for Chinese students in European countries promotes research collaboration before and upon the return of these Chinese PhDs to China.The results show that a considerable proportion of European-trained Chinese PhD returnees had co-authorship with their supervisors during their PhD study,and most of them maintained this research partnership after returning to China.In addition to the co-authorship during doctoral study,some individual characteristics(e.g.,gender and marital status)and organizational factors(e.g.,country of doctoral study and current work unit)were also found to contribute to international research collaboration upon the return to China of these Chinese PhD holders.This study sheds new light on the mobility and research collaboration of international students and provides policy implications for promoting Sino-foreign student exchange and research collaboration.展开更多
Singlo tea was not only highly sought after in China but also gained substantial popularity in Europe during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.From European primary sources spanning the eighteenth and nine...Singlo tea was not only highly sought after in China but also gained substantial popularity in Europe during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.From European primary sources spanning the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,the popularity of Singlo tea in Europe may have been attributed to the fascination with exotic fashions and products,as well as its medicinal properties.As a result of its popularity,Singlo became known as standard green tea.This kind of tea was eventually replaced by green and black teas of other varieties.Based on the case study of Singlo,this essay indicated that Europeans showed more interest in green tea than in black tea in the early period of Sino-European tea trade.However,Singlo was eventually replaced by other kinds of green and black tea.Its decline in European markets also marked the beginning of black tea’s gradual dominance in the Sino-European tea trade.The spread history of Singlo tea in Europe showed how medicine and commerce interacted.It provided an opportunity to learn about Chinese medicine and culture from a foreign perspective.展开更多
At the turn of the 18th century, the Kangxi emperor initiated a large project to map the vast territories of the Qing. The land surveys that ensued were executed by teams of Qing officials and European missionaries, m...At the turn of the 18th century, the Kangxi emperor initiated a large project to map the vast territories of the Qing. The land surveys that ensued were executed by teams of Qing officials and European missionaries, most of them French Jesuits first sent to China in 1685 and actively supported by the French crown. Early 18th century Jesuit publications foster a much-heralded claim that these missionary-mapmakers drew on their status of imperial envoys during the surveys to locally advance the position of the Catholic church. This article strives to explore the format/on of such local networks by these missionaries as they passed through the cities and towns of the Chinese provinces. On the basis of archival material, details emerge of contacts with local Qing administrators and Chinese Christians, and of attempts to purchase and recover local churches. This is then discussed against the background of the Rites Controversy, in an attempt to evaluate how such local networks relate to the rivalry between missionaries of different orders. The article emphasizes that there was （and perhaps is） no such thing as ＂pure science＂ by underscoring that important technical achievements such as the Qing mapping project are often shaped by complex networks and historical contingencies.展开更多
Since the establishment of European Union （EU） on November 1, 1993, China has been developing its economic relations with EU at a rapid pace. The bilateral trade interdependency is enhanced correspondingly. However,...Since the establishment of European Union （EU） on November 1, 1993, China has been developing its economic relations with EU at a rapid pace. The bilateral trade interdependency is enhanced correspondingly. However, the Sino-European political relations are of cooperative and conflicting nature all the time. The political attitude of EU toward China becomes even more active with more defensive mind as the Sino-European relations underwent four stages of evolution, namely, long-term relations, constructive partnership, mature partnership and competitive partnership. Chinese government has always held an attitude of proactively developing relations with the EU. In 1998, China established the ＂cooperative partnership＂ with EU. In 2001, the cooperative partnership was upgraded into ＂comprehensive partnership＂. In 2003, China advocated the establishment of the ＂comprehensive strategic partnership＂ with Europe and established ＂strategic partnership＂ with many member states of EU. Despite the smooth development in Sino-European relations, the political relations between China and EU saw conflicts and frictions from time to time. For instance, European Parliament issued resolutions against China from time to time. With regard to certain important international political issues, China has sharply different opinions with EU.展开更多
文摘The outbreak of the Ukraine crisis has accelerated the adjustment and power shifts of the European Union.Germany does not play the role model as it used to,its willingness and ability to make contributions have declined,and it has become a follower rather than a leader in the crisis response.The “Atlanticists” dominate the EU,and the “Europeanists” are weakened.Germany's all-round dependence on the United States has increased.France has lost traction on the EU,the German–French axis is absent,and the Central and Eastern European and Northern European countries are gaining momentum.Compared with other EU institutions and member states,the status and influence of the European Commission has been enhanced,leading the sanctions against Russia,participating more in the common security and defense policy,and contributing to the geo-politicization of EU economic policies.These changes will increase internal disputes within the EU,weaken the EU's international status and influence,and reduce the stability and predictability of the EU's China policy.
文摘Drawing on a unique dataset that combines returnees’survey data and their information on research publications extracted from the Scopus database,this study systematically examines whether and how international doctoral mentorship for Chinese students in European countries promotes research collaboration before and upon the return of these Chinese PhDs to China.The results show that a considerable proportion of European-trained Chinese PhD returnees had co-authorship with their supervisors during their PhD study,and most of them maintained this research partnership after returning to China.In addition to the co-authorship during doctoral study,some individual characteristics(e.g.,gender and marital status)and organizational factors(e.g.,country of doctoral study and current work unit)were also found to contribute to international research collaboration upon the return to China of these Chinese PhD holders.This study sheds new light on the mobility and research collaboration of international students and provides policy implications for promoting Sino-foreign student exchange and research collaboration.
文摘Singlo tea was not only highly sought after in China but also gained substantial popularity in Europe during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.From European primary sources spanning the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,the popularity of Singlo tea in Europe may have been attributed to the fascination with exotic fashions and products,as well as its medicinal properties.As a result of its popularity,Singlo became known as standard green tea.This kind of tea was eventually replaced by green and black teas of other varieties.Based on the case study of Singlo,this essay indicated that Europeans showed more interest in green tea than in black tea in the early period of Sino-European tea trade.However,Singlo was eventually replaced by other kinds of green and black tea.Its decline in European markets also marked the beginning of black tea’s gradual dominance in the Sino-European tea trade.The spread history of Singlo tea in Europe showed how medicine and commerce interacted.It provided an opportunity to learn about Chinese medicine and culture from a foreign perspective.
文摘At the turn of the 18th century, the Kangxi emperor initiated a large project to map the vast territories of the Qing. The land surveys that ensued were executed by teams of Qing officials and European missionaries, most of them French Jesuits first sent to China in 1685 and actively supported by the French crown. Early 18th century Jesuit publications foster a much-heralded claim that these missionary-mapmakers drew on their status of imperial envoys during the surveys to locally advance the position of the Catholic church. This article strives to explore the format/on of such local networks by these missionaries as they passed through the cities and towns of the Chinese provinces. On the basis of archival material, details emerge of contacts with local Qing administrators and Chinese Christians, and of attempts to purchase and recover local churches. This is then discussed against the background of the Rites Controversy, in an attempt to evaluate how such local networks relate to the rivalry between missionaries of different orders. The article emphasizes that there was （and perhaps is） no such thing as ＂pure science＂ by underscoring that important technical achievements such as the Qing mapping project are often shaped by complex networks and historical contingencies.
文摘Since the establishment of European Union （EU） on November 1, 1993, China has been developing its economic relations with EU at a rapid pace. The bilateral trade interdependency is enhanced correspondingly. However, the Sino-European political relations are of cooperative and conflicting nature all the time. The political attitude of EU toward China becomes even more active with more defensive mind as the Sino-European relations underwent four stages of evolution, namely, long-term relations, constructive partnership, mature partnership and competitive partnership. Chinese government has always held an attitude of proactively developing relations with the EU. In 1998, China established the ＂cooperative partnership＂ with EU. In 2001, the cooperative partnership was upgraded into ＂comprehensive partnership＂. In 2003, China advocated the establishment of the ＂comprehensive strategic partnership＂ with Europe and established ＂strategic partnership＂ with many member states of EU. Despite the smooth development in Sino-European relations, the political relations between China and EU saw conflicts and frictions from time to time. For instance, European Parliament issued resolutions against China from time to time. With regard to certain important international political issues, China has sharply different opinions with EU.
