The present study sampled the intestinal content of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon （Salmo salar L.）, the ambient water of unhealthy fish, and the biofilter material in the recirculating aquaculture system （...The present study sampled the intestinal content of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon （Salmo salar L.）, the ambient water of unhealthy fish, and the biofilter material in the recirculating aquaculture system （RAS） to understand differences in the intestinal microbiota. The V4--V5 regions of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes in the samples were analyzed by MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The fish were adults with no differences in body length or weight. Representative members of the intestinal microbiota were identified. The intestinal microbiota of the healthy fish included Proteobacteria （44.33%）, Actinobacteria （17.89%）, Baeteroidetes （15.25%）, and Firmicutes （9.11%）, among which the families Mierococcaceae and Oxalobacteraceae and genera Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, Pedobacter, Janthinobacterium, Burkholderia, and Balneimonas were most abundant. Proteobacteria （70.46%）, Bacteroidetes （7.59%）, and Firmicutes （7.55%） dominated the microbiota of unhealthy fish, and Chloroflexi （2.71%）, and Aliivibrio and Vibrio as well as genera in the family Aeromonadaceae were most strongly represented. Overall, the intestinal hindgut microbiota differed between healthy and unhealthy fish. This study offers a useful tool for monitoring the health status of fish and for screening the utility of probiotics by studying the intestinal microbiota.展开更多
Environmental enrichment is the incorporation of materials into hatchery tanks to simulate a more natural rearing environment. This study investigated the use of a vertically-suspended plastic conduit array as enrichm...Environmental enrichment is the incorporation of materials into hatchery tanks to simulate a more natural rearing environment. This study investigated the use of a vertically-suspended plastic conduit array as enrichment in 3.63 m circular tanks during Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rearing. After 168 days, feed conversion ratio was significantly improved for salmon reared in tanks with enrichment compared to the barren control tanks. Final tank weights and weight gain were not significantly different, although the difference in mean gain of 182.0 kg in the enriched tanks compared to 162.9 kg in the control tanks approached significance. There were no significant differences in individual fish length, weight, or condition factor between the treatments, likely because of large variances in body size due to sexual dimorphism and small sample sizes. The suspended array did not interfere with the hydraulic self-cleaning of the circular tanks. The results of this study support the use of vertically-suspended structures to improve the hatchery rearing performance of Atlantic salmon in circular tanks.展开更多
Mariculture has been one of the fastest-growing global food production sectors over the past three decades.With the congestion of space and deterioration of the environment in coastal regions,offshore aquaculture has ...Mariculture has been one of the fastest-growing global food production sectors over the past three decades.With the congestion of space and deterioration of the environment in coastal regions,offshore aquaculture has gained increasing attention.Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)and rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)are two important aquaculture species and contribute to 6.1%of world aquaculture production of finfish.In the present study,we established species distribution models(SDMs)to identify the potential areas for offshore aquaculture of these two cold-water fish species considering the mesoscale spatio-temporal thermal heterogeneity of the Yellow Sea.The values of the area under the curve(AUC)and the true skill statistic(TSS)showed good model performance.The suitability index(SI),which was used in this study to quantitatively assess potential offshore aquaculture sites,was highly dynamic at the surface water layer.However,high SI values occurred throughout the year at deeper water layers.The potential aquaculture areas for S.salar and O.mykiss in the Yellow Sea were estimated as 52,270±3275(95%confidence interval,CI)and 146,831±15,023 km^(2),respectively.Our results highlighted the use of SDMs in identifying potential aquaculture areas based on environmental variables.Considering the thermal heterogeneity of the environment,this study suggested that offshore aquaculture for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout was feasible in the Yellow Sea by adopting new technologies(e.g.,sinking cages into deep water)to avoid damage from high temperatures in summer.展开更多
As a special inter-ethnic relationship and a unique cultural phenomenon,"Xuhu" and " Danix" exist in Xunhua Salars and surrounding Tibetans, which isparticularly close between Xichang Tibetans and ...As a special inter-ethnic relationship and a unique cultural phenomenon,"Xuhu" and " Danix" exist in Xunhua Salars and surrounding Tibetans, which isparticularly close between Xichang Tibetans and Kewa Salars, located in BaizhuangTown, Xunhua County, Qinghai Province, and thus become a window to further explorethe relationship between Salars and Tibetans. This paper takes Xichang Valley as a fieldsite for digging deeply into the history and current situation of the relationship betweenSalars and Tibetans , finding that Tibetans in Xichang and Salars in Kewa have had formeda humane scene of interaction, communication and integration, in which they are based ona metaphor of common ancestry, and have long had the similar social structure, sharednatural resources and universal language and culture;They also regard credibility as thefoundation to offer mutual benefit, reciprocity and respect. Meanwhile, their interactionand communication contain a profound philosophical principle of " Harmony in Diversity", which is totally different from the variables to measure inter-ethnic relationships inWestern countries, and has provided a new perspective for us to explore the interactionand communication of ethnic groups in China.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31472312,41306152,31402283)the Qingdao Innovation Talents Program(No.13-CX-16)+2 种基金the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2014BAD08B09)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System(No.CARS-48)the Project for International S&T Cooperation Program of China(No.2014DFA31030)
文摘The present study sampled the intestinal content of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon （Salmo salar L.）, the ambient water of unhealthy fish, and the biofilter material in the recirculating aquaculture system （RAS） to understand differences in the intestinal microbiota. The V4--V5 regions of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes in the samples were analyzed by MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The fish were adults with no differences in body length or weight. Representative members of the intestinal microbiota were identified. The intestinal microbiota of the healthy fish included Proteobacteria （44.33%）, Actinobacteria （17.89%）, Baeteroidetes （15.25%）, and Firmicutes （9.11%）, among which the families Mierococcaceae and Oxalobacteraceae and genera Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, Pedobacter, Janthinobacterium, Burkholderia, and Balneimonas were most abundant. Proteobacteria （70.46%）, Bacteroidetes （7.59%）, and Firmicutes （7.55%） dominated the microbiota of unhealthy fish, and Chloroflexi （2.71%）, and Aliivibrio and Vibrio as well as genera in the family Aeromonadaceae were most strongly represented. Overall, the intestinal hindgut microbiota differed between healthy and unhealthy fish. This study offers a useful tool for monitoring the health status of fish and for screening the utility of probiotics by studying the intestinal microbiota.
文摘Environmental enrichment is the incorporation of materials into hatchery tanks to simulate a more natural rearing environment. This study investigated the use of a vertically-suspended plastic conduit array as enrichment in 3.63 m circular tanks during Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rearing. After 168 days, feed conversion ratio was significantly improved for salmon reared in tanks with enrichment compared to the barren control tanks. Final tank weights and weight gain were not significantly different, although the difference in mean gain of 182.0 kg in the enriched tanks compared to 162.9 kg in the control tanks approached significance. There were no significant differences in individual fish length, weight, or condition factor between the treatments, likely because of large variances in body size due to sexual dimorphism and small sample sizes. The suspended array did not interfere with the hydraulic self-cleaning of the circular tanks. The results of this study support the use of vertically-suspended structures to improve the hatchery rearing performance of Atlantic salmon in circular tanks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1906206 and 42025604)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project 2019YFD0901002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Mariculture has been one of the fastest-growing global food production sectors over the past three decades.With the congestion of space and deterioration of the environment in coastal regions,offshore aquaculture has gained increasing attention.Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)and rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)are two important aquaculture species and contribute to 6.1%of world aquaculture production of finfish.In the present study,we established species distribution models(SDMs)to identify the potential areas for offshore aquaculture of these two cold-water fish species considering the mesoscale spatio-temporal thermal heterogeneity of the Yellow Sea.The values of the area under the curve(AUC)and the true skill statistic(TSS)showed good model performance.The suitability index(SI),which was used in this study to quantitatively assess potential offshore aquaculture sites,was highly dynamic at the surface water layer.However,high SI values occurred throughout the year at deeper water layers.The potential aquaculture areas for S.salar and O.mykiss in the Yellow Sea were estimated as 52,270±3275(95%confidence interval,CI)and 146,831±15,023 km^(2),respectively.Our results highlighted the use of SDMs in identifying potential aquaculture areas based on environmental variables.Considering the thermal heterogeneity of the environment,this study suggested that offshore aquaculture for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout was feasible in the Yellow Sea by adopting new technologies(e.g.,sinking cages into deep water)to avoid damage from high temperatures in summer.
文摘As a special inter-ethnic relationship and a unique cultural phenomenon,"Xuhu" and " Danix" exist in Xunhua Salars and surrounding Tibetans, which isparticularly close between Xichang Tibetans and Kewa Salars, located in BaizhuangTown, Xunhua County, Qinghai Province, and thus become a window to further explorethe relationship between Salars and Tibetans. This paper takes Xichang Valley as a fieldsite for digging deeply into the history and current situation of the relationship betweenSalars and Tibetans , finding that Tibetans in Xichang and Salars in Kewa have had formeda humane scene of interaction, communication and integration, in which they are based ona metaphor of common ancestry, and have long had the similar social structure, sharednatural resources and universal language and culture;They also regard credibility as thefoundation to offer mutual benefit, reciprocity and respect. Meanwhile, their interactionand communication contain a profound philosophical principle of " Harmony in Diversity", which is totally different from the variables to measure inter-ethnic relationships inWestern countries, and has provided a new perspective for us to explore the interactionand communication of ethnic groups in China.
