道路阻抗是交通分配和路网规划中的重要参数,是路网属性抽象的重要内容之一。为给道路阻抗函数研究提供新思路和新方法,更好服务于交通分配和路网规划,针对路阻函数的研究背景及现实意义,从路阻函数研究方法和影响因素两方面综合对比分...道路阻抗是交通分配和路网规划中的重要参数,是路网属性抽象的重要内容之一。为给道路阻抗函数研究提供新思路和新方法,更好服务于交通分配和路网规划,针对路阻函数的研究背景及现实意义,从路阻函数研究方法和影响因素两方面综合对比分析各种路阻函数模型的优缺点,分析得出既有研究多以美国联邦公路局(Bureau of Public Roads,BPR)函数为基础,针对BPR函数本身缺陷进行优化,或加入其他影响路阻的因素进行优化。在此基础上,总结得出目前路阻函数研究中存在不重视数据采集、函数内参数不可靠、函数适应性不强等问题。最后,对未来研究方向进行了展望,未来可应用车联网、自动驾驶等前沿技术采集数据,应用大数据和人工智能算法提高参数可靠度,提出适用于自动驾驶的路阻函数,制定路阻函数适应性标准,扩大路阻函数应用范围。展开更多
A notable feature of a city or region with close economic and social connections with its neighbours is its highly mixed local and external traffic,and in some cases the external traffic volume is almost as high as th...A notable feature of a city or region with close economic and social connections with its neighbours is its highly mixed local and external traffic,and in some cases the external traffic volume is almost as high as that of local traffic.Whilst local traffic volume may be largely made up of the same regular local commuters making frequent trips,external traffic from outside of the city(region)may not be the same people making regular trips to/from the city.However,from a large pool of people making infrequent trips to/from the city,the existence of external traffic is proven by data from the licence plate recognition system of road vehicles in Changde,China.The function of value of time correlated with the income/wage rate and trip frequency is exploited and verified statistically.The time value distorted by trip frequency is defined as perceived time value(PTV),which also influences the way travellers perceive any travel impedance such as congestion delay and toll charges.This paper analyses the price of anarchy(POA)when explicitly considering the travel frequency of the trip-makers and their PTV,and compares with previous analysis without considering travel frequency.We show that when travel frequency is considered,the optimal toll of congested road pricing schemes which converts road traffic flow from user equilibrium into system optimization is much lower than that without considering travel frequency.The cost of licence plate auction cannot be treated as a congestion toll,which is only a threshold of vehicle ownership.That travellers choose routes by PTV rather than TV(time value)is proven by an example of Heishipu Bridge in Changsha,Hunan Province,China.展开更多
文摘道路阻抗是交通分配和路网规划中的重要参数,是路网属性抽象的重要内容之一。为给道路阻抗函数研究提供新思路和新方法,更好服务于交通分配和路网规划,针对路阻函数的研究背景及现实意义,从路阻函数研究方法和影响因素两方面综合对比分析各种路阻函数模型的优缺点,分析得出既有研究多以美国联邦公路局(Bureau of Public Roads,BPR)函数为基础,针对BPR函数本身缺陷进行优化,或加入其他影响路阻的因素进行优化。在此基础上,总结得出目前路阻函数研究中存在不重视数据采集、函数内参数不可靠、函数适应性不强等问题。最后,对未来研究方向进行了展望,未来可应用车联网、自动驾驶等前沿技术采集数据,应用大数据和人工智能算法提高参数可靠度,提出适用于自动驾驶的路阻函数,制定路阻函数适应性标准,扩大路阻函数应用范围。
文摘A notable feature of a city or region with close economic and social connections with its neighbours is its highly mixed local and external traffic,and in some cases the external traffic volume is almost as high as that of local traffic.Whilst local traffic volume may be largely made up of the same regular local commuters making frequent trips,external traffic from outside of the city(region)may not be the same people making regular trips to/from the city.However,from a large pool of people making infrequent trips to/from the city,the existence of external traffic is proven by data from the licence plate recognition system of road vehicles in Changde,China.The function of value of time correlated with the income/wage rate and trip frequency is exploited and verified statistically.The time value distorted by trip frequency is defined as perceived time value(PTV),which also influences the way travellers perceive any travel impedance such as congestion delay and toll charges.This paper analyses the price of anarchy(POA)when explicitly considering the travel frequency of the trip-makers and their PTV,and compares with previous analysis without considering travel frequency.We show that when travel frequency is considered,the optimal toll of congested road pricing schemes which converts road traffic flow from user equilibrium into system optimization is much lower than that without considering travel frequency.The cost of licence plate auction cannot be treated as a congestion toll,which is only a threshold of vehicle ownership.That travellers choose routes by PTV rather than TV(time value)is proven by an example of Heishipu Bridge in Changsha,Hunan Province,China.
