Tourism has been widely used as a conservation strategy that directly compensates local people or management authorities, thereby contributing to development and creating incentives to preserve the landscape. Reserves...Tourism has been widely used as a conservation strategy that directly compensates local people or management authorities, thereby contributing to development and creating incentives to preserve the landscape. Reserves or parks that are inhabited by flagship species may be able to generate more revenue through tourism than those without such species because flagship species have great potential for raising funds and creating publicity for conservation goals. In this paper, we examine flagship species tourism focused on observing the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve (SNNR). After the program was launched in 2006, both the number of tourists and amount of revenue received by SNNR increased as the general trends of tourism revenue in the country also increased. As a result, SNNR significantly increased rein- vestment in tourism and conservation infrastructure. Furthermore, after senior politicians visited the golden snub-nosed monkey, they abruptly changed their attitudes toward biological conservation, as indicated by an increase in both regular and additional funding for the species conservation. We conclude that flagship species tourism may not only generate revenue for conservation and management but also can improve officials' attitudes toward preserving biodiversity. However, it is important to ensure the continued safety and sustainability of such programs, from both the human and animal perspective, and we suggest stricter measures are introduced to reduce the risk of aerosol disease transmission from tourists to the monkeys.展开更多
川、滇、黔金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana、Rh.bieti、Rh.brelichi)均为我国特有种,国家一级重点野生保护动物。作为典型的食叶动物,其肠道微生物组特性研究也备受学者关注。为探究川、滇、黔金丝猴肠道微生物组结构,促进金丝猴胃肠...川、滇、黔金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana、Rh.bieti、Rh.brelichi)均为我国特有种,国家一级重点野生保护动物。作为典型的食叶动物,其肠道微生物组特性研究也备受学者关注。为探究川、滇、黔金丝猴肠道微生物组结构,促进金丝猴胃肠道健康及为相关疾病防控提供参考数据,以北京动物园管理处圈养的3种7只金丝猴为研究对象,采用16S r DNA测序及分析技术,开展相同圈养环境下3种金丝猴肠道微生物组差异研究。结果显示:圈养健康金丝猴肠道微生物组的优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),这与人类肠道微生物组成分相似,金丝猴暴露于人类影响和圈养环境中可能会引起肠道微生物组人源化;川金丝猴样本的肠道微生物群落的丰富度和多样性低于滇、黔金丝猴,3种金丝猴在细菌域不同分类水平上存在多物种的差异,且3种金丝猴OTUs在不同分类水平共检测到47个微生物标志物的相对丰度存在显著差异。圈养条件下,3种金丝猴的食物种类和结构基本一致,这提示相同圈养环境下3种金丝猴肠道微生物组间的差异可能并非源于圈养环境下的食物组成;此外,腹泻滇金丝猴样本肠道微生物组多样性显著降低,同时伴随着优势菌结构的改变和潜在病原菌的出现,肠道微生物菌群的紊乱可能导致个体腹泻的发生,变形菌门弧菌属(Vibrio)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)和泛菌属(Pantoea)4个属的出现可能导致个体腹泻。研究结果可为圈养金丝猴的饲养繁殖、营养代谢和胃肠道适应等方面提供参考信息。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870375 and 31071937)the Project of Public Benefit for the Forestry (201104073)the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600)
文摘Tourism has been widely used as a conservation strategy that directly compensates local people or management authorities, thereby contributing to development and creating incentives to preserve the landscape. Reserves or parks that are inhabited by flagship species may be able to generate more revenue through tourism than those without such species because flagship species have great potential for raising funds and creating publicity for conservation goals. In this paper, we examine flagship species tourism focused on observing the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve (SNNR). After the program was launched in 2006, both the number of tourists and amount of revenue received by SNNR increased as the general trends of tourism revenue in the country also increased. As a result, SNNR significantly increased rein- vestment in tourism and conservation infrastructure. Furthermore, after senior politicians visited the golden snub-nosed monkey, they abruptly changed their attitudes toward biological conservation, as indicated by an increase in both regular and additional funding for the species conservation. We conclude that flagship species tourism may not only generate revenue for conservation and management but also can improve officials' attitudes toward preserving biodiversity. However, it is important to ensure the continued safety and sustainability of such programs, from both the human and animal perspective, and we suggest stricter measures are introduced to reduce the risk of aerosol disease transmission from tourists to the monkeys.
文摘川、滇、黔金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana、Rh.bieti、Rh.brelichi)均为我国特有种,国家一级重点野生保护动物。作为典型的食叶动物,其肠道微生物组特性研究也备受学者关注。为探究川、滇、黔金丝猴肠道微生物组结构,促进金丝猴胃肠道健康及为相关疾病防控提供参考数据,以北京动物园管理处圈养的3种7只金丝猴为研究对象,采用16S r DNA测序及分析技术,开展相同圈养环境下3种金丝猴肠道微生物组差异研究。结果显示:圈养健康金丝猴肠道微生物组的优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),这与人类肠道微生物组成分相似,金丝猴暴露于人类影响和圈养环境中可能会引起肠道微生物组人源化;川金丝猴样本的肠道微生物群落的丰富度和多样性低于滇、黔金丝猴,3种金丝猴在细菌域不同分类水平上存在多物种的差异,且3种金丝猴OTUs在不同分类水平共检测到47个微生物标志物的相对丰度存在显著差异。圈养条件下,3种金丝猴的食物种类和结构基本一致,这提示相同圈养环境下3种金丝猴肠道微生物组间的差异可能并非源于圈养环境下的食物组成;此外,腹泻滇金丝猴样本肠道微生物组多样性显著降低,同时伴随着优势菌结构的改变和潜在病原菌的出现,肠道微生物菌群的紊乱可能导致个体腹泻的发生,变形菌门弧菌属(Vibrio)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)和泛菌属(Pantoea)4个属的出现可能导致个体腹泻。研究结果可为圈养金丝猴的饲养繁殖、营养代谢和胃肠道适应等方面提供参考信息。
