The European Commission has proposed a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)to reduce carbon leakage and create a level playing field for its domestic products and imported goods.Nevertheless,the effectiveness of t...The European Commission has proposed a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)to reduce carbon leakage and create a level playing field for its domestic products and imported goods.Nevertheless,the effectiveness of the proposal remains unclear,especially when it triggers threats of retaliation from trading partners of the European Union.We apply a Computable General Equilibrium model-Global Trade Analysis Project-to assess the economic and environmental impacts of different CBAM schemes.Here we show that the effectiveness of the CBAM to address carbon leakage risks is rather limited,and the CBAM raises concerns over global welfare costs,Correct to Gross Domestic Product(GDP)losses,and violation of equality principles.Trade retaliation leads to multiplied welfare losses,which would mostly be borne by poor countries.Our results question the carbon leakage reduction effect of a unilateral trade policy and suggest that climate change mitigation still needs to be performed within the framework of international cooperation.展开更多
Previous studies have found that self-control training was effective in improving an individual’s self-control,which plays an important role in inhibiting negative emotions.However,it is unclear whether self-control ...Previous studies have found that self-control training was effective in improving an individual’s self-control,which plays an important role in inhibiting negative emotions.However,it is unclear whether self-control training can facilitate refraining from retaliation.This study randomly assigned participants(N=55)to a training condi-tion(building self-control by avoiding sweets)or a control condition.Before and after training,participants com-pleted the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory-18(TRIM-18)and a modified Taylor aggression task once each.Participants in the training condition inflicted more low-intensity penalties on the pre-vious offender compared to control participants.Participants in the training condition reported lower revenge scores after training than before training.These results provide preliminary support that providing people who wish to forgive self-control training might promote forgiveness.展开更多
基金supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EP/V041665/1)the British Council(2019-RLWK11-10577)。
文摘The European Commission has proposed a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)to reduce carbon leakage and create a level playing field for its domestic products and imported goods.Nevertheless,the effectiveness of the proposal remains unclear,especially when it triggers threats of retaliation from trading partners of the European Union.We apply a Computable General Equilibrium model-Global Trade Analysis Project-to assess the economic and environmental impacts of different CBAM schemes.Here we show that the effectiveness of the CBAM to address carbon leakage risks is rather limited,and the CBAM raises concerns over global welfare costs,Correct to Gross Domestic Product(GDP)losses,and violation of equality principles.Trade retaliation leads to multiplied welfare losses,which would mostly be borne by poor countries.Our results question the carbon leakage reduction effect of a unilateral trade policy and suggest that climate change mitigation still needs to be performed within the framework of international cooperation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700995)the Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(17YJC190011).
文摘Previous studies have found that self-control training was effective in improving an individual’s self-control,which plays an important role in inhibiting negative emotions.However,it is unclear whether self-control training can facilitate refraining from retaliation.This study randomly assigned participants(N=55)to a training condi-tion(building self-control by avoiding sweets)or a control condition.Before and after training,participants com-pleted the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory-18(TRIM-18)and a modified Taylor aggression task once each.Participants in the training condition inflicted more low-intensity penalties on the pre-vious offender compared to control participants.Participants in the training condition reported lower revenge scores after training than before training.These results provide preliminary support that providing people who wish to forgive self-control training might promote forgiveness.
