摘要
在过去的十年中,世界贸易组织(WTO)争端解决机制应用非常广泛,与自由贸易协定(FTA)项下极少数的国家间争端解决情况形成鲜明对比。通过考察在2007～2016年间由同是WTO成员及FTA成员提请到WTO解决的争端可见,WTO争端解决的真正魅力不在于授权报复,而在于之前的裁决过程。裁决作为报复的一种替代方式,它的影响力是由声誉损害和国家集体压力带来的。近期FTA争端解决案件较少的原因,除了由于某些FTA适用范围和程序规则存在的问题外,缺少WTO中争端解决的集体推动力也是重要原因之一。在缺少集体压力或集体压力无效的情况下(双边和小型自由贸易协定中的常见情况),裁决就成为一种欠有力的救济措施,而即时贸易报复则成为更具吸引力的选择。
Over the past decade,the WTO dispute settlement system has been widely applied,which is in sharp contrast to the very few disputes taken to inter-state adjudication under the Free Trade Agreements(FTAs).By examining the disputes brought to the WTO by WTO members and FTA members from 2007 to 2016,the paper reveals that the real strength of the WTO dispute settlement lies not in the authorization for retaliation but in the adjudication process.As an alternative to retaliation,the influence of adjudication operates is brought by the reputational damage,and collective pressure for the state.The decline in the application of FTA adjudication can be explained by the lack of collective pressure besides limited coverage and less clear procedure.In the absence of collective pressure or when it is ineffective(a common situation in bilateral and minilateral FTAs),adjudication becomes is a less powerful remedy,while instant trade retaliation turns into a more attractive option.
出处
《国际经贸探索》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期103-116,共14页
International Economics and Trade Research
基金
2018年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(18YJA820002)
关键词
WTO
FTA
报复
裁决
遵约
WTO
FTA
retaliation
adjudication
compliance
