Excessive growth of population and urbanization in the developing countries set an increasing demand of mobility services. To meet this demand, public transport plays a significant role by providing an easy and afford...Excessive growth of population and urbanization in the developing countries set an increasing demand of mobility services. To meet this demand, public transport plays a significant role by providing an easy and affordable mobility service. Public transport service is a process evolving over time nevertheless is not always directly responsive to the changing demand of the passengers. Recently in developing countries, the unpleasant experience in public transport services is seen as one of the main reasons behind increased passenger car share, which eventually lead to traffic congestion. However, the situation can be ameliorated if the features of the public transport are improved by addressing the users’ demand. In this study, the primary features desired and demanded by the passengers of a developing country are identified by three phase survey. These identified features are also categorized based on public responses. And finally, the required features in an appropriate public transport mode are prioritized by using a common Multi Criteria Decision Making approach (AHP—Analytic Hierarchy Process). The study suggests that residents of the developing city are not that much concern on the outlook and ambience of the service rather they are concerned about finishing their trips safely in time at an affordable rate. The findings of this research will help planners and decision makers to make the best use of the investment in public transport services and infrastructure to promote these modes over privately owned vehicle.展开更多
Comfort is one of the important indicators evaluation of voice. In order to understand the urban neighborhood public space environment of comfort,this paper is to explore characteristics of consumer society on the pub...Comfort is one of the important indicators evaluation of voice. In order to understand the urban neighborhood public space environment of comfort,this paper is to explore characteristics of consumer society on the public space environment evaluation of the effect,and using the questionnaire survey method,to evaluate the Harbin city neighborhood area public space as the typical case analysis. Based on one of the main sound source in neighborhood public space,environment,business facilities environment as the breakthrough point,it is to consider neighborhood public space environment evaluation and social characteristics.展开更多
The article describes and interprets the results of a study aimed at studying public opinion about the activities of national parks. The attitude of the local population to the activities of the State Institution “Na...The article describes and interprets the results of a study aimed at studying public opinion about the activities of national parks. The attitude of the local population to the activities of the State Institution “National Park of Tajikistan” was studied. A total of 40 respondents from local residents were surveyed. Fifteen local residents of Khorog, most of them educated people, students of Khorog University and teachers of the Biological Institute of the Pamirs who are familiar with the Tajik National Park in the vicinity have carried out several scientific studies. Twenty-five respondents of the residents of the Murghab district are directly the population who live in the park. They have less education, and they are more prone to a rural lifestyle, and livestock far more knowledgeable about the Tajik National Park than the residents of Khorog. Interviewed residents of the Murgab and Karakuls villages believe that the activities of the Tajik National Park should be more efficient and lay down ways to improve its activities and form a positive image. In their opinion, the employees of the national park should interact more with the local population, take into account their interests, improve information carrying out activities of the national park. Proceeding from the answers of the respondents, we can conclude that the Tajik national park is already widely known to the circle of researchers and scientific applicants as a place or testing ground for research. For the local populations who live in the park, they use it as a place for animal husbandry and natural resources. During the survey, it turned out that the park is currently being used by all means, but not protected in any way. The results of a public opinion poll conducted in the September of 2021 in the settlements of the Khorug town of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast GBAO region, belonging to the central ecological zone of the Pamir natural territory, are presented. The attitude of the local population to the activities of the Tajik Nation P展开更多
Introduction:Since the last few decades,the government of Ethiopia has introduced and adopted participatory forest management(PFM)in different regions of the country.However,there is a lack of research dealing with pe...Introduction:Since the last few decades,the government of Ethiopia has introduced and adopted participatory forest management(PFM)in different regions of the country.However,there is a lack of research dealing with perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM in Wof-Washa Forests(WWF).The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM implemented in WWF.We hypothesized that the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM differ with socio-economic variables,such as sex,age,level of education,family size,occupation type,annual income,length of duration of local residence,livestock,and land ownership.Methods:A structured questionnaire comprised of close-and open-ended questions was developed and administered to a total of n=64 households to collect information on the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM in WWF.Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze and interpret the data.Results:The results revealed that socio-economic variables had significant effects on the perceptions towards“the prevalence of the problems with the existing PFM system”(39%variance explained),“the concept of PFM”(30%variance explained),and“the presence of PFM practice”(11%variance explained).Majority of the respondents accepted the PFM program introduced in WWF in order to protect and manage the WWF.The study also revealed that socio-economic variables had significant effects on the attitudes towards“managing forests via participatory approach”(16%variance explained),“having the responsibility to protect the WWF”(40%variance explained),and“accepting the PFM practice”(54%variance explained).However,the findings suggested that there were some respondents who were yet unsure to fully accept the concept and practice of PFM.Conclusions:Creating public awareness about PFM is crucial to alleviate the problems of deforestation and reduce the unsustainable use of the WWF.As socio-economic variables that affect perce展开更多
In the course of this work which is the impact of zoological garden in schools, the questionnaire interviewed was used in the collection of data. Based on the finding it was observed that people visit zoological garde...In the course of this work which is the impact of zoological garden in schools, the questionnaire interviewed was used in the collection of data. Based on the finding it was observed that people visit zoological gardens for different purposes like educational, recreational, research, economic and cultural values. Also the chi-square (X2) is used in this research to show if there is significant difference or not. Result indicated that people from various works of life visited the zoo. Some recommendations were also made for further studies as well as the opposition of establishment of a zoo. Thus, the objectives of the this work are to identify the conservation areas in which zoos make a contribution, to develop understanding and support of the conservation potentials of zoos, to convince local zoos and conservation agencies that they can make important contributions to conservation, to help zoos formulate conservation priorities and policies and finally, to promote action of individual zoos by participation in the global zoo and other conservation network.展开更多
The standard ordered response model (SORM) is a common disaggregate approach with ordered outcomes in which the effects of various exogenous attributes are assumed constant across ordinal choices. In this study, an in...The standard ordered response model (SORM) is a common disaggregate approach with ordered outcomes in which the effects of various exogenous attributes are assumed constant across ordinal choices. In this study, an innovative latent class based generalized ordered response model (LC-GORM) is formulated and used to assess the effects of various factors on respondents’ choice behavior with respect to congestion charge proposal for Jakarta, Indonesia. The proposed model probabilistically assigns respondents into selfish and altruistic class memberships (latently) based on their knowledge of the proposed scheme and their specific attributes. Aiming to capture observable preference heterogeneity across ordinal choices and allow the thresholds to be varied across observations, we parameterize the thresholds as a linear function of the exogenous variables for each ordinal preference. Using stated preference data collected in Jakarta in December 2013, we incorporate the influence of a comprehensive set of explanatory variables into four categories: charges, latent variables related to respondent’s psychological motivations, mobility attributes and socio-demographic characteristics. Empirical results obviously verify the existence of preference heterogeneity across outcomes. The findings confirm that the altruistic class are more sensitive with respect to acceptance of the scheme, while the selfish class are more sensitive with respect to rejection. The key factors influencing public acceptability include the charge level and respondent variables such as car dependency, awareness of the problem of cars in society, frequency of visits to the city center and frequency of private mode usage.展开更多
Cholera is a disease that Benin has been fighting against for years but which continues to create economic losses for households. The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge of the population about this ...Cholera is a disease that Benin has been fighting against for years but which continues to create economic losses for households. The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge of the population about this disease and to assess hygiene practices in order to identify the factors responsible for its sustainability. The data were collected through a survey of 720 households in the 12 departments of the country. These data were analyzed with SAS software and three groups of people were identified on the basis of hygiene measures. The majority of respondents know cholera. The main symptoms they mentioned were vomiting (84.83%) and diarrhea (81.04%). Diarrhea was more reported in group 3 (88.96%) than in groups 1 (86.58%) and 2 (83.19%). Low levels of hygiene were the main cause of this disease. In the absence of toilets, the interviewees pass stool in the bush and at the edge of water sources used in households. Some of them have bins (in particular group 1) for household waste but do not subscribe to refuse collection structures. Therefore, they throw garbage in sometimes unofficial landfills. Others, on the other hand, have not garbage cans (mainly group 2) and they empty garbage everywhere (street, gutters and bushes). In addition, hand washing is hardly ever done after using the toilet. Hygiene practices in some households are insufficient, which does not protect the population from cholera.展开更多
A survey on different aspects of Buriganga River encroachment was conducted in a 300 meter long encroached part of the river located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 100 respondents were surveyed and three Focus Group...A survey on different aspects of Buriganga River encroachment was conducted in a 300 meter long encroached part of the river located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 100 respondents were surveyed and three Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were arranged prior to the semi-structured questionnaire survey. It was observed that almost all of the respondents migrated to the study area. The majority of the respondents had better business opportunity (69.23%) as the cause of encroachment. Significant portions of the respondents occupying the encroached area were found to be landless (36.84%), small businessmen (31.58%) and people with political affluence (26.32%). Major portions (23.33%) of the encroached land were used for industrial development as well as housing and developmental projects. Negative health impact (40%) was found to be the main adverse effect of encroachment of the river. Other adverse effects included economic loss through obliteration of fisheries (35.71%), scarcity of clean water (32.14%), reduction of aesthetic value of the surroundings (25%) etc. For the protection of the river, the majority of the respondents opted for relocation of the industries (46.15%) and enforcement of strict rules and regulations (38.46%).展开更多
The Central Statistical Agency （CSA） of Ethiopia included some questions in its 2005 Demographic and Health Survey （DHS） questionnaire, asking for the opinion of men and women if wives beaten by husbands is justif...The Central Statistical Agency （CSA） of Ethiopia included some questions in its 2005 Demographic and Health Survey （DHS） questionnaire, asking for the opinion of men and women if wives beaten by husbands is justified if wives commit some mistakes while they are undertaking their day to day family responsibilities and other personal functions. The sample size was about 14,000 women in the reproductive and productive ages of 15-49 and about 6,000 men in the age brackets of 15-59. The reasons for wife beating by husbands are examined against some selected independent background variables of the sampled men and women respondents, while the dependent variables are the responses to questions of wife beating. With respect to the analytical model, the author decided to focus on some descriptive statistics, such as frequency distributions tables, proportions, comparative analysis, and application of chi-squares （Xz） techniques to examine the variations in the responses of women and men amongst the independent backgrounds.展开更多
Objective:To determine malaria prevalence,knowledge,attitude and practices at residents of Lagos Island Local Government.Methods:Two hundred blood samples were collected from adults attending the General Hospital,Mari...Objective:To determine malaria prevalence,knowledge,attitude and practices at residents of Lagos Island Local Government.Methods:Two hundred blood samples were collected from adults attending the General Hospital,Marina while 100 questionnaires were administered to individuals still in the same hospital.Majority of the respondents were between the ages of 18 and 30 years(44%),while the age group 60 and above had the lowest population(9%).Results:More than half of the respondents(68%)were employed and engaged in different occupations such as entrepreneur(32%),students(31%),trader(24%),and civil servant(10%).Stratification of the respondents by income revealed that 71%earned above the minimum wage,while 29%earned below.The prevalence of malaria by microscopy method was 10.5%.Malaria parasite had significant effect on the packed cell volume of infected individuals(P<0.05).Preventive measures employed by the respondents were majorly insecticide(72.2%),while some others(5.6%)used mosquito net.Majority of the respondents(98%)believed that malaria was caused by mosquito.Conclusions:Therefore,it is appropriate to put in place preventive measures against malaria to avoid high prevalence of the number one killer in tropical Africa.展开更多
文摘Excessive growth of population and urbanization in the developing countries set an increasing demand of mobility services. To meet this demand, public transport plays a significant role by providing an easy and affordable mobility service. Public transport service is a process evolving over time nevertheless is not always directly responsive to the changing demand of the passengers. Recently in developing countries, the unpleasant experience in public transport services is seen as one of the main reasons behind increased passenger car share, which eventually lead to traffic congestion. However, the situation can be ameliorated if the features of the public transport are improved by addressing the users’ demand. In this study, the primary features desired and demanded by the passengers of a developing country are identified by three phase survey. These identified features are also categorized based on public responses. And finally, the required features in an appropriate public transport mode are prioritized by using a common Multi Criteria Decision Making approach (AHP—Analytic Hierarchy Process). The study suggests that residents of the developing city are not that much concern on the outlook and ambience of the service rather they are concerned about finishing their trips safely in time at an affordable rate. The findings of this research will help planners and decision makers to make the best use of the investment in public transport services and infrastructure to promote these modes over privately owned vehicle.
基金Sponsored by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-year Plan Period (Grant No.2013BAJ12B01)
文摘Comfort is one of the important indicators evaluation of voice. In order to understand the urban neighborhood public space environment of comfort,this paper is to explore characteristics of consumer society on the public space environment evaluation of the effect,and using the questionnaire survey method,to evaluate the Harbin city neighborhood area public space as the typical case analysis. Based on one of the main sound source in neighborhood public space,environment,business facilities environment as the breakthrough point,it is to consider neighborhood public space environment evaluation and social characteristics.
文摘The article describes and interprets the results of a study aimed at studying public opinion about the activities of national parks. The attitude of the local population to the activities of the State Institution “National Park of Tajikistan” was studied. A total of 40 respondents from local residents were surveyed. Fifteen local residents of Khorog, most of them educated people, students of Khorog University and teachers of the Biological Institute of the Pamirs who are familiar with the Tajik National Park in the vicinity have carried out several scientific studies. Twenty-five respondents of the residents of the Murghab district are directly the population who live in the park. They have less education, and they are more prone to a rural lifestyle, and livestock far more knowledgeable about the Tajik National Park than the residents of Khorog. Interviewed residents of the Murgab and Karakuls villages believe that the activities of the Tajik National Park should be more efficient and lay down ways to improve its activities and form a positive image. In their opinion, the employees of the national park should interact more with the local population, take into account their interests, improve information carrying out activities of the national park. Proceeding from the answers of the respondents, we can conclude that the Tajik national park is already widely known to the circle of researchers and scientific applicants as a place or testing ground for research. For the local populations who live in the park, they use it as a place for animal husbandry and natural resources. During the survey, it turned out that the park is currently being used by all means, but not protected in any way. The results of a public opinion poll conducted in the September of 2021 in the settlements of the Khorug town of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast GBAO region, belonging to the central ecological zone of the Pamir natural territory, are presented. The attitude of the local population to the activities of the Tajik Nation P
文摘Introduction:Since the last few decades,the government of Ethiopia has introduced and adopted participatory forest management(PFM)in different regions of the country.However,there is a lack of research dealing with perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM in Wof-Washa Forests(WWF).The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM implemented in WWF.We hypothesized that the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM differ with socio-economic variables,such as sex,age,level of education,family size,occupation type,annual income,length of duration of local residence,livestock,and land ownership.Methods:A structured questionnaire comprised of close-and open-ended questions was developed and administered to a total of n=64 households to collect information on the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM in WWF.Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze and interpret the data.Results:The results revealed that socio-economic variables had significant effects on the perceptions towards“the prevalence of the problems with the existing PFM system”(39%variance explained),“the concept of PFM”(30%variance explained),and“the presence of PFM practice”(11%variance explained).Majority of the respondents accepted the PFM program introduced in WWF in order to protect and manage the WWF.The study also revealed that socio-economic variables had significant effects on the attitudes towards“managing forests via participatory approach”(16%variance explained),“having the responsibility to protect the WWF”(40%variance explained),and“accepting the PFM practice”(54%variance explained).However,the findings suggested that there were some respondents who were yet unsure to fully accept the concept and practice of PFM.Conclusions:Creating public awareness about PFM is crucial to alleviate the problems of deforestation and reduce the unsustainable use of the WWF.As socio-economic variables that affect perce
文摘In the course of this work which is the impact of zoological garden in schools, the questionnaire interviewed was used in the collection of data. Based on the finding it was observed that people visit zoological gardens for different purposes like educational, recreational, research, economic and cultural values. Also the chi-square (X2) is used in this research to show if there is significant difference or not. Result indicated that people from various works of life visited the zoo. Some recommendations were also made for further studies as well as the opposition of establishment of a zoo. Thus, the objectives of the this work are to identify the conservation areas in which zoos make a contribution, to develop understanding and support of the conservation potentials of zoos, to convince local zoos and conservation agencies that they can make important contributions to conservation, to help zoos formulate conservation priorities and policies and finally, to promote action of individual zoos by participation in the global zoo and other conservation network.
文摘The standard ordered response model (SORM) is a common disaggregate approach with ordered outcomes in which the effects of various exogenous attributes are assumed constant across ordinal choices. In this study, an innovative latent class based generalized ordered response model (LC-GORM) is formulated and used to assess the effects of various factors on respondents’ choice behavior with respect to congestion charge proposal for Jakarta, Indonesia. The proposed model probabilistically assigns respondents into selfish and altruistic class memberships (latently) based on their knowledge of the proposed scheme and their specific attributes. Aiming to capture observable preference heterogeneity across ordinal choices and allow the thresholds to be varied across observations, we parameterize the thresholds as a linear function of the exogenous variables for each ordinal preference. Using stated preference data collected in Jakarta in December 2013, we incorporate the influence of a comprehensive set of explanatory variables into four categories: charges, latent variables related to respondent’s psychological motivations, mobility attributes and socio-demographic characteristics. Empirical results obviously verify the existence of preference heterogeneity across outcomes. The findings confirm that the altruistic class are more sensitive with respect to acceptance of the scheme, while the selfish class are more sensitive with respect to rejection. The key factors influencing public acceptability include the charge level and respondent variables such as car dependency, awareness of the problem of cars in society, frequency of visits to the city center and frequency of private mode usage.
文摘Cholera is a disease that Benin has been fighting against for years but which continues to create economic losses for households. The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge of the population about this disease and to assess hygiene practices in order to identify the factors responsible for its sustainability. The data were collected through a survey of 720 households in the 12 departments of the country. These data were analyzed with SAS software and three groups of people were identified on the basis of hygiene measures. The majority of respondents know cholera. The main symptoms they mentioned were vomiting (84.83%) and diarrhea (81.04%). Diarrhea was more reported in group 3 (88.96%) than in groups 1 (86.58%) and 2 (83.19%). Low levels of hygiene were the main cause of this disease. In the absence of toilets, the interviewees pass stool in the bush and at the edge of water sources used in households. Some of them have bins (in particular group 1) for household waste but do not subscribe to refuse collection structures. Therefore, they throw garbage in sometimes unofficial landfills. Others, on the other hand, have not garbage cans (mainly group 2) and they empty garbage everywhere (street, gutters and bushes). In addition, hand washing is hardly ever done after using the toilet. Hygiene practices in some households are insufficient, which does not protect the population from cholera.
文摘A survey on different aspects of Buriganga River encroachment was conducted in a 300 meter long encroached part of the river located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 100 respondents were surveyed and three Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were arranged prior to the semi-structured questionnaire survey. It was observed that almost all of the respondents migrated to the study area. The majority of the respondents had better business opportunity (69.23%) as the cause of encroachment. Significant portions of the respondents occupying the encroached area were found to be landless (36.84%), small businessmen (31.58%) and people with political affluence (26.32%). Major portions (23.33%) of the encroached land were used for industrial development as well as housing and developmental projects. Negative health impact (40%) was found to be the main adverse effect of encroachment of the river. Other adverse effects included economic loss through obliteration of fisheries (35.71%), scarcity of clean water (32.14%), reduction of aesthetic value of the surroundings (25%) etc. For the protection of the river, the majority of the respondents opted for relocation of the industries (46.15%) and enforcement of strict rules and regulations (38.46%).
文摘The Central Statistical Agency （CSA） of Ethiopia included some questions in its 2005 Demographic and Health Survey （DHS） questionnaire, asking for the opinion of men and women if wives beaten by husbands is justified if wives commit some mistakes while they are undertaking their day to day family responsibilities and other personal functions. The sample size was about 14,000 women in the reproductive and productive ages of 15-49 and about 6,000 men in the age brackets of 15-59. The reasons for wife beating by husbands are examined against some selected independent background variables of the sampled men and women respondents, while the dependent variables are the responses to questions of wife beating. With respect to the analytical model, the author decided to focus on some descriptive statistics, such as frequency distributions tables, proportions, comparative analysis, and application of chi-squares （Xz） techniques to examine the variations in the responses of women and men amongst the independent backgrounds.
文摘Objective:To determine malaria prevalence,knowledge,attitude and practices at residents of Lagos Island Local Government.Methods:Two hundred blood samples were collected from adults attending the General Hospital,Marina while 100 questionnaires were administered to individuals still in the same hospital.Majority of the respondents were between the ages of 18 and 30 years(44%),while the age group 60 and above had the lowest population(9%).Results:More than half of the respondents(68%)were employed and engaged in different occupations such as entrepreneur(32%),students(31%),trader(24%),and civil servant(10%).Stratification of the respondents by income revealed that 71%earned above the minimum wage,while 29%earned below.The prevalence of malaria by microscopy method was 10.5%.Malaria parasite had significant effect on the packed cell volume of infected individuals(P<0.05).Preventive measures employed by the respondents were majorly insecticide(72.2%),while some others(5.6%)used mosquito net.Majority of the respondents(98%)believed that malaria was caused by mosquito.Conclusions:Therefore,it is appropriate to put in place preventive measures against malaria to avoid high prevalence of the number one killer in tropical Africa.
