摘要
民国时期,随着社会学调查方法的传入,加之共和制度的建立激发了民意表达诉求,民意调查大量涌现。民国早期民调基本是在没有专业民调机构主持的情况下,由报刊、学校和社会团体举办,调查对象局限在报刊读者和大中学校师生范围,1927年之后一些民调受到政府指导掌控。由于仅反映部分人群的诉求,加之缺乏必要的民调专业技术规范,并受到政治干扰,调查结论殊难上升为普遍民意,最多只是“意见领袖”的意愿表达。尽管如此,根据“士民关系”的传统理论,基于管窥方法,民国时期民调反映的特定社会群体诉求,对于认知近代中国的整体民意及其变化仍有极大的参考价值。
During the period of the Republic of China,with the introduction of sociological survey methods and the expression of public opinion uprising with the establishment of the republican system,a large number of public opinion polls emerged.In the early period of the Republic of China,the polls were basically held by newspapers,schools and social groups without any guidance from professional polling institutions,and the respondents were limited to newspaper readers,teachers and students in universities and middle schools.After 1927,the polls began to be guided and even charged by the government.As the polls reflected only the demands of certain group of people,lack of necessary professional technical norms for polling and unavoidable of political interference,their conclusions were regarded as an expression of“opinion leaders”rather than general public opinion.Nevertheless,according to the traditional theory of the relationship between scholars and the public,the demands of specific social groups reflected in the polls during the Republic of China still have reference value for understanding the overall public opinion and its changes in modern China by analogy.
作者
杨勉
Yang Mian(Business School,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610101,China)
出处
《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期161-172,共12页
Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“近代中国的民意调查与民意”(18AZSO16)的阶段性成果。
关键词
民国时期
民意调查
组织者
调查对象
“意见领袖”
the period of the Republic of China
public opinion poll
organizers
respondents
“opinion leaders”
