It has been previously argued that application of organic residues added in soils has a great impact on soil quality, grain productivity as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Substitution of chemical fertilizers has be...It has been previously argued that application of organic residues added in soils has a great impact on soil quality, grain productivity as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Substitution of chemical fertilizers has become a common practice in agricultural systems which consequently affect the greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural fields. To observe the effects of organic manures and crop residues amendments, five fertilizer treatments including conventional inorganic nitrogen fertilizer—NPK, cow manure, rice straw, poultry manure and sugarcane bagasse were applied in the field for two consecutive pre-monsoon rice seasons. Addition of rice straw, poultry manure and sugarcane bagasse decreased the cumulative N2O emissions by 14% and 31%, and by 1% and 7% and 5% and 3% in 2012 and 2013 respectively when compared with conventional fertilizer treatment (NPK) in both the seasons. Yield differences were not significant (p > 0.005) amongst the treatments, however, a slight increase was observed due to rice straw amendment over control. Soil organic carbon decreased by 11% - 17% under the application of organic residues which might have contributed to lower N2O emissions from the plots. Results of carbon equivalent emission (CEE) and carbon efficiency ratio (CER) indicated that incorporation of rice straw during pre-monsoon rice season had the potential to reduce the N2O emissions and yield scaled emissions of rice production at lower level than the conventional farmers’ practice of using chemical fertilizers (NPK).展开更多
China′s rare earth industry has shown its strong competence, but notably this competence is mostly based on the comparative advantages in natural resources and production costs that will not provide a long-term momen...China′s rare earth industry has shown its strong competence, but notably this competence is mostly based on the comparative advantages in natural resources and production costs that will not provide a long-term momentum for the growth of the industrial competitiveness. It has become an urgent task now for China′s rare earth industry to improve its competitiveness through adjusting the product structure and enhancing the technological application, to gain much healthier and more sustainable growth in the future. This paper aims to present a new development strategy based on the industry cluster theory to improve the competitiveness of China′s rare earth industry with a case study on the emerging rare earth industry cluster in Baotou. The paper first reviews the cluster theory and explains why it matters to industrial competitiveness briefly, and then proposes a general framework for implementing cluster policies and strategies in practice. Following that, a case to study the emerging rare earth industry cluster in Baotou was presented and a cluster initiative based on the general framework was developed. The objectives of the cluster initiative and the role of government on initiative organizing and cluster upgrading were discussed in detail. In the end, general implications drawn from the case of Baotou were summarized, which try to provide some insights for applying cluster-based strategies to the rare earth industry of China.展开更多
Radio Espana Independiente [REI] [1941-1977], La Pirenaica, was the repository for the public remembrance of the victims of the Franco regime, through letters that its listeners regularly sent to the broadcaster＇s he...Radio Espana Independiente [REI] [1941-1977], La Pirenaica, was the repository for the public remembrance of the victims of the Franco regime, through letters that its listeners regularly sent to the broadcaster＇s headquarters in Bucharest. A study of the 15,500 letters contained in the Spanish Communist Party＇s [PCE] Historical Archive in Madrid confirms this broadcaster＇s major role in the construction of the mythical symbolic image of the anti-Franco movement. Beyond their function as propaganda instruments of the PCE, La Pirenaica＇s letters reveal the radio station＇s role as a vehicle for the expression of public solidarity and ideological and cultural resistance. La Pirenaica was the voice of the defeated after the Spanish Civil War, and was their confidante and advisor. La Pirenaica＇s letters are the chronicle of the horror that anti-Franco society suffered and endured in Spain.展开更多
能源互联网通过横向的多能互补和纵向"源-网-荷-储"的高度协调实现能量的高效利用,被视作未来智能电网的发展形态。为评估多元储能配置在区域能源互联网(regional energy Internet,REI)多能协同优化中产生的效益,首先对区域...能源互联网通过横向的多能互补和纵向"源-网-荷-储"的高度协调实现能量的高效利用,被视作未来智能电网的发展形态。为评估多元储能配置在区域能源互联网(regional energy Internet,REI)多能协同优化中产生的效益,首先对区域能源互联网的架构进行了分析;接着以多元储能模型、多能耦合设备模型和能源路由器(energy router,ER)模型为基础,构建了多能耦合的储能系统模型;然后从峰谷差效益、环境效益和降低能量损耗效益3个方面提出了储能的效益评估模型,并给出了相应评估指标;最后以一个含电、气、热负荷的商业型REI为算例进行了储能效益计算,分析了不同容量与不同类型的储能配置对REI产生效益的影响,同时验证了所提指标的有效性,为REI中储能的配置与相关市场机制的建立提供了指导。展开更多
文摘It has been previously argued that application of organic residues added in soils has a great impact on soil quality, grain productivity as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Substitution of chemical fertilizers has become a common practice in agricultural systems which consequently affect the greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural fields. To observe the effects of organic manures and crop residues amendments, five fertilizer treatments including conventional inorganic nitrogen fertilizer—NPK, cow manure, rice straw, poultry manure and sugarcane bagasse were applied in the field for two consecutive pre-monsoon rice seasons. Addition of rice straw, poultry manure and sugarcane bagasse decreased the cumulative N2O emissions by 14% and 31%, and by 1% and 7% and 5% and 3% in 2012 and 2013 respectively when compared with conventional fertilizer treatment (NPK) in both the seasons. Yield differences were not significant (p > 0.005) amongst the treatments, however, a slight increase was observed due to rice straw amendment over control. Soil organic carbon decreased by 11% - 17% under the application of organic residues which might have contributed to lower N2O emissions from the plots. Results of carbon equivalent emission (CEE) and carbon efficiency ratio (CER) indicated that incorporation of rice straw during pre-monsoon rice season had the potential to reduce the N2O emissions and yield scaled emissions of rice production at lower level than the conventional farmers’ practice of using chemical fertilizers (NPK).
文摘China′s rare earth industry has shown its strong competence, but notably this competence is mostly based on the comparative advantages in natural resources and production costs that will not provide a long-term momentum for the growth of the industrial competitiveness. It has become an urgent task now for China′s rare earth industry to improve its competitiveness through adjusting the product structure and enhancing the technological application, to gain much healthier and more sustainable growth in the future. This paper aims to present a new development strategy based on the industry cluster theory to improve the competitiveness of China′s rare earth industry with a case study on the emerging rare earth industry cluster in Baotou. The paper first reviews the cluster theory and explains why it matters to industrial competitiveness briefly, and then proposes a general framework for implementing cluster policies and strategies in practice. Following that, a case to study the emerging rare earth industry cluster in Baotou was presented and a cluster initiative based on the general framework was developed. The objectives of the cluster initiative and the role of government on initiative organizing and cluster upgrading were discussed in detail. In the end, general implications drawn from the case of Baotou were summarized, which try to provide some insights for applying cluster-based strategies to the rare earth industry of China.
文摘Radio Espana Independiente [REI] [1941-1977], La Pirenaica, was the repository for the public remembrance of the victims of the Franco regime, through letters that its listeners regularly sent to the broadcaster＇s headquarters in Bucharest. A study of the 15,500 letters contained in the Spanish Communist Party＇s [PCE] Historical Archive in Madrid confirms this broadcaster＇s major role in the construction of the mythical symbolic image of the anti-Franco movement. Beyond their function as propaganda instruments of the PCE, La Pirenaica＇s letters reveal the radio station＇s role as a vehicle for the expression of public solidarity and ideological and cultural resistance. La Pirenaica was the voice of the defeated after the Spanish Civil War, and was their confidante and advisor. La Pirenaica＇s letters are the chronicle of the horror that anti-Franco society suffered and endured in Spain.
文摘能源互联网通过横向的多能互补和纵向"源-网-荷-储"的高度协调实现能量的高效利用,被视作未来智能电网的发展形态。为评估多元储能配置在区域能源互联网(regional energy Internet,REI)多能协同优化中产生的效益,首先对区域能源互联网的架构进行了分析;接着以多元储能模型、多能耦合设备模型和能源路由器(energy router,ER)模型为基础,构建了多能耦合的储能系统模型;然后从峰谷差效益、环境效益和降低能量损耗效益3个方面提出了储能的效益评估模型,并给出了相应评估指标;最后以一个含电、气、热负荷的商业型REI为算例进行了储能效益计算,分析了不同容量与不同类型的储能配置对REI产生效益的影响,同时验证了所提指标的有效性,为REI中储能的配置与相关市场机制的建立提供了指导。
