Termite queens and kings live longer than nonreproductive workers.Several molecular mechanisms contributing to their long lifespan have been investigated;however,the underlying biochemical explanation remains unclear....Termite queens and kings live longer than nonreproductive workers.Several molecular mechanisms contributing to their long lifespan have been investigated;however,the underlying biochemical explanation remains unclear.Coenzyme Q(CoQ),a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain,plays an essential role in the lipophilic antioxidant defense system.Its beneficial effects on health and longevity have been well studied in several organisms.Herein,we demonstrated that long-lived termite queens have significantly higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidant CoQ_(10) than workers.Liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the levels of the reduced form of CoQ_(10) were 4 fold higher in the queen's body than in the worker's body.In addition,queens showed 7 fold higher levels of vitamin E,which plays a role in antilipid peroxidation along with CoQ,than workers.Furthermore,the oral administration of CoQ_(10) to termites increased the CoQ_(10) redox state in the body and their survival rate under oxidative stress.These findings suggest that CoQ_(10) acts as an efficient lipophilic antioxidant along with vitamin E in long-lived termite queens.This study provides essential biochemical and evolutionary insights into the relationship between CoQ_(10) concentrations and termite lifespan extension.展开更多
This paper presents the different categories of communicative names of cities and streets with some examples all over the world. The commemorative role is playing also by the names of some continents, like America, fr...This paper presents the different categories of communicative names of cities and streets with some examples all over the world. The commemorative role is playing also by the names of some continents, like America, from the Amerigo Vespucci＇s name. But many countries and states particularly in the Americas remember the Columbus＇ name. Many city names remember political leaders of great significance, like Washington after Georg Washington, Monrovia after James Monroe, Leningrad （today Saint Petersburg, which remembered the tsar Peter I）. Two soviet leaders, Lenin and Stalin were remembered by two Russian cities, Leningrad and Stalingrad, nowadays Saint Petersburg and Volgograd. The name Ho Chi Minh, after the North Vietnamese leader. The names of other regions and cities have been considered, like many cities and islands named Georgia after some kings. Also Louisiana, The Carolinas, Lfopoldville, Elisabethville were named after other kings and queens. Some cities and islands＇ names remember explorers, like Cook, Stanley, Louren^o Marques （today Maputo, after the name of a fiver）, Brazzaville after, Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Bra77h etc. Rio de Janeiro is named after the date of its discovery. Many place names were named after Alexander the Great, outer than the Italian Alesssandria, named after the Pope Alexander III. Many place names remember Saints, particularly in Latin America, but also in North America, like St. Francisco. The streets＇ names are many all over the world. In Rome we have streets names to politicians, like Camill Benso di Cavour, Giuseppe Mazzini and Palmiro Togliatti; writers like Alessandro Manzoni and Torquato Tasso. A name like Giuseppe Garibaldi is extremely diffused in all Italy and also in other countries.展开更多
提出了粘贴 DNA 芯片模型,该模型综合了粘贴模型的筛选功能和 DNA 芯片模型的检测功能.利用这两个特点设计了基于粘贴 DNA 芯片模型的求解八皇后问题全部解的 DNA 算法.该算法首先产生所有可能的解,再分别按照行要求,列要求和对角线要...提出了粘贴 DNA 芯片模型,该模型综合了粘贴模型的筛选功能和 DNA 芯片模型的检测功能.利用这两个特点设计了基于粘贴 DNA 芯片模型的求解八皇后问题全部解的 DNA 算法.该算法首先产生所有可能的解,再分别按照行要求,列要求和对角线要求逐步筛选出八皇后问题的全部解.利用 DNA 芯片检测出实验结果,然后对每个实验步骤分析了算法的生化实现过程并得到了八皇后问题的全部解.最后讨论了算法的复杂性及其优势.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI grants No.JP20K06074 to Y.I.and JP22K14830 to E.T.We sincerely thank Yuuki Kiya,Tomonori Masui,and Daigo Ogawa at Tokyo University of Technology for their technical support as well as Kenji Matsuura and the members of the Laboratory of Insect Ecology at Kyoto University for valuable suggestions and comments.We also thank our laboratory colleagues at Yamaguchi University and Tokyo University of Technology for their cooperation during this study.
文摘Termite queens and kings live longer than nonreproductive workers.Several molecular mechanisms contributing to their long lifespan have been investigated;however,the underlying biochemical explanation remains unclear.Coenzyme Q(CoQ),a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain,plays an essential role in the lipophilic antioxidant defense system.Its beneficial effects on health and longevity have been well studied in several organisms.Herein,we demonstrated that long-lived termite queens have significantly higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidant CoQ_(10) than workers.Liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the levels of the reduced form of CoQ_(10) were 4 fold higher in the queen's body than in the worker's body.In addition,queens showed 7 fold higher levels of vitamin E,which plays a role in antilipid peroxidation along with CoQ,than workers.Furthermore,the oral administration of CoQ_(10) to termites increased the CoQ_(10) redox state in the body and their survival rate under oxidative stress.These findings suggest that CoQ_(10) acts as an efficient lipophilic antioxidant along with vitamin E in long-lived termite queens.This study provides essential biochemical and evolutionary insights into the relationship between CoQ_(10) concentrations and termite lifespan extension.
文摘This paper presents the different categories of communicative names of cities and streets with some examples all over the world. The commemorative role is playing also by the names of some continents, like America, from the Amerigo Vespucci＇s name. But many countries and states particularly in the Americas remember the Columbus＇ name. Many city names remember political leaders of great significance, like Washington after Georg Washington, Monrovia after James Monroe, Leningrad （today Saint Petersburg, which remembered the tsar Peter I）. Two soviet leaders, Lenin and Stalin were remembered by two Russian cities, Leningrad and Stalingrad, nowadays Saint Petersburg and Volgograd. The name Ho Chi Minh, after the North Vietnamese leader. The names of other regions and cities have been considered, like many cities and islands named Georgia after some kings. Also Louisiana, The Carolinas, Lfopoldville, Elisabethville were named after other kings and queens. Some cities and islands＇ names remember explorers, like Cook, Stanley, Louren^o Marques （today Maputo, after the name of a fiver）, Brazzaville after, Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Bra77h etc. Rio de Janeiro is named after the date of its discovery. Many place names were named after Alexander the Great, outer than the Italian Alesssandria, named after the Pope Alexander III. Many place names remember Saints, particularly in Latin America, but also in North America, like St. Francisco. The streets＇ names are many all over the world. In Rome we have streets names to politicians, like Camill Benso di Cavour, Giuseppe Mazzini and Palmiro Togliatti; writers like Alessandro Manzoni and Torquato Tasso. A name like Giuseppe Garibaldi is extremely diffused in all Italy and also in other countries.
基金国家自然科学基金(the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60403002) 浙江省自然科学基金(the NaturalScience Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China under Grant No.ZJNSF- Y105654)。
文摘提出了粘贴 DNA 芯片模型,该模型综合了粘贴模型的筛选功能和 DNA 芯片模型的检测功能.利用这两个特点设计了基于粘贴 DNA 芯片模型的求解八皇后问题全部解的 DNA 算法.该算法首先产生所有可能的解,再分别按照行要求,列要求和对角线要求逐步筛选出八皇后问题的全部解.利用 DNA 芯片检测出实验结果,然后对每个实验步骤分析了算法的生化实现过程并得到了八皇后问题的全部解.最后讨论了算法的复杂性及其优势.
