The interest in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques is increasing in recent years. Among these techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation(t DCS) has been the subject of great interest among researchers ...The interest in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques is increasing in recent years. Among these techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation(t DCS) has been the subject of great interest among researchers because of its easiness to use, low cost, benign profile of side effects and encouraging results of research in the field. This interest has generated several studies and randomized clinical trials, particularly in psychiatry. In this review, we provide a summary of the development of the technique and its mechanism of action as well as a review of the methodological aspects of randomized clinical trials in psychiatry, including studies in affective disorders, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, child psychiatry and substance use disorder. Finally,we provide an overview of t DCS use in cognitive enhancement as well as a discussion regarding its clinical use and regulatory and ethical issues. Although many promising results regarding t DCS efficacy were described, the total number of studies is still low, highlighting the need of further studies aiming to replicate these findings in larger samples as to provide a definite picture regarding t DCS efficacy in psychiatry.展开更多
目的了解伴注意缺陷多动障碍(A D H D)的对立违抗性障碍(O D D)患儿的行为特征。方法:以ICD-10作为诊断标准对门诊就诊儿童进行诊断,得到O D D伴A D H D者40例(64.52%),O D D不伴A D H D者22例(35.48%)。自编家庭情况调查表调查患儿的...目的了解伴注意缺陷多动障碍(A D H D)的对立违抗性障碍(O D D)患儿的行为特征。方法:以ICD-10作为诊断标准对门诊就诊儿童进行诊断,得到O D D伴A D H D者40例(64.52%),O D D不伴A D H D者22例(35.48%)。自编家庭情况调查表调查患儿的基本情况。用家长填A chenbach儿童行为量表评定儿童行为。结果:与O D D组相比,合并A D H D组的家长更多对患儿经常打骂和严厉管教;对儿童的不良行为更多地采取打骂的方式。合并组父亲急燥易怒者比O D D组多;合并组起病年龄及就诊年龄比O D D组早;合并组在CB CL思维、注意问题,违纪、攻击行为,外化性问题,行为总分均高于O D D组。结论:O D D合并A D H D的患儿在思维、注意问题,违纪、攻击行为,外化性问题方面表现更突出,家长对儿童管教方式及不良行为处理方式影响O D D的发生。提示要注重O D D、A D H D的早期干预。展开更多
文摘The interest in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques is increasing in recent years. Among these techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation(t DCS) has been the subject of great interest among researchers because of its easiness to use, low cost, benign profile of side effects and encouraging results of research in the field. This interest has generated several studies and randomized clinical trials, particularly in psychiatry. In this review, we provide a summary of the development of the technique and its mechanism of action as well as a review of the methodological aspects of randomized clinical trials in psychiatry, including studies in affective disorders, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, child psychiatry and substance use disorder. Finally,we provide an overview of t DCS use in cognitive enhancement as well as a discussion regarding its clinical use and regulatory and ethical issues. Although many promising results regarding t DCS efficacy were described, the total number of studies is still low, highlighting the need of further studies aiming to replicate these findings in larger samples as to provide a definite picture regarding t DCS efficacy in psychiatry.
文摘目的了解伴注意缺陷多动障碍(A D H D)的对立违抗性障碍(O D D)患儿的行为特征。方法:以ICD-10作为诊断标准对门诊就诊儿童进行诊断,得到O D D伴A D H D者40例(64.52%),O D D不伴A D H D者22例(35.48%)。自编家庭情况调查表调查患儿的基本情况。用家长填A chenbach儿童行为量表评定儿童行为。结果:与O D D组相比,合并A D H D组的家长更多对患儿经常打骂和严厉管教;对儿童的不良行为更多地采取打骂的方式。合并组父亲急燥易怒者比O D D组多;合并组起病年龄及就诊年龄比O D D组早;合并组在CB CL思维、注意问题,违纪、攻击行为,外化性问题,行为总分均高于O D D组。结论:O D D合并A D H D的患儿在思维、注意问题,违纪、攻击行为,外化性问题方面表现更突出,家长对儿童管教方式及不良行为处理方式影响O D D的发生。提示要注重O D D、A D H D的早期干预。
