The practical energy density of solid-state batteries remains limited,partly because of the lack of a general method to fabricate thin membranes for solid-state electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and low area-s...The practical energy density of solid-state batteries remains limited,partly because of the lack of a general method to fabricate thin membranes for solid-state electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and low area-specific resistance(ASR).Herein,we use an ultrahigh concentration of a ceramic ion conductor(Na_(3)SbS_(4))to build an ionconduction“highway”,and a polymer(polyethylene oxide,2 wt%)as a flexible host to prepare a polymer-inceramic ion-conducting membrane of approximately 40μm.Without the use of any salt(e.g.,NaPF_(6)),the resulting membrane exhibits a threefold increase in electronic ASR and a twofold decrease in ionic ASR compared with a pure ceramic counterpart.The activation energy for sodium-ion transport is only 190 meV in the membrane,similar to that in pure ceramic,suggesting ion transport predominantly occurs through a percolated network of ion-conducting ceramic particles.The salt-free design also provides an opportunity to suppress dendritic metal electrodeposits,according to a recently refined chemomechanical model of metal deposition.Our work suggests that salt is not always necessary in composite solid-state electrolytes,which broadens the choice of polymers to allow the optimization of other desired attributes,such as mechanical strength,chemical/electrochemical stability,and cost.展开更多
Inspired by the concept of "polymer-in-ceramic",a composite poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL)/ceramic containing LiTFSI is prepared and investigated as a solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries.The composit...Inspired by the concept of "polymer-in-ceramic",a composite poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL)/ceramic containing LiTFSI is prepared and investigated as a solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries.The composite with the optimum concentration of 45 wt% LiTFSI and 75 wt% Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3(LAGP,NASICON-type structure) exhibits a high ionic conductivity(σi=0.17 mS cm-1) at 30℃,a transference number of 0.30,and is stable up to 5.0 V.The composite electrolyte is a flexible and self-standing membrane.Solid-state LiFePO4//Li batteries with this composite electrolyte demonstrate excellent cycling stability with high discharge capacity of 157 mA h g-1,high capacity retention of 96% and coulombic efficiency of 98.5% after 130 cycles at 30℃ and 0.1 C rate.These electrochemical properties are better than other PCL-based allsolid-lithium batteries,and validate the concept of "polymer-in-ceramic" by avoiding the drawback of lower conductivity in prior "polymer-in-ceramic" electrolyte at high concentration of the ceramic.展开更多
Layered porous ceramic used for polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network materials(PICNs) may be a promising candidate for dental restoration.The effect of sintering temperature of ceramic green bodies on mechanical and op...Layered porous ceramic used for polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network materials(PICNs) may be a promising candidate for dental restoration.The effect of sintering temperature of ceramic green bodies on mechanical and optical properties of PICNs is unclear.The purpose was to fabricate PICNs and evaluate their mechanical and optical properties.Polymer-infiltrated layered silicates for dental restorative materials were prepared via infiltrating polymerizable monomers into partially sintered porous silicates and thermo-curing.Bending samples for flexural strength and fracture toughness were fabricated(sample numbers of n=15).Vickers hardness and elastic modulus were measured via nano-indentation(n=10).One-way ANOVA and Weibull statistics were used for statistical analysis.Optical property was characterized by spectral reflectance.Brittleness index was used to characterize the machinability of the materials.Microstructures and phase structures were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometer(XRD),respectively.Flexural strength of polymer-infiltrated layered silicates varied from 91.29 to 155.19 MPa,fracture toughness ranged from 1.186 to 1.782 MPa·m^1/2,Vickers hardness ranged from 1.165 to 9.596 GPa,and elastic modulus ranged from 25.35 to 100.50 GPa.The formed glass phases at 1200 and 1300℃ showed influences on corresponding optical property,which could be observed from spectral reflectance.A kind of PICNs was fabricated by infiltrating polymerizable monomers into layered porous ceramic networks.Sintering temperature could have dramatic effects on the mechanical and optical properties of porous ceramics and PICNs.These kinds of materials possess similar properties to that of natural tooth and could be used for dental restoration.展开更多
A new type of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network composites (PICNs) was fabricated by infiltrating methacrylate-based monomers into partially sintered porous ceramics.The mechanical properties (flexural strength,flex...A new type of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network composites (PICNs) was fabricated by infiltrating methacrylate-based monomers into partially sintered porous ceramics.The mechanical properties (flexural strength,flexural modulus,elastic modulus,Vickers hardness,fracture toughness) were investigated and compared with that of the natural tooth and common commercial CAD/CAM blocks.Our results indicated that sintering temperature and corresponding density of porous ceramics have an obvious influence on the mechanical properties,and PICNs could highly mimic the natural tooth in mechanical properties.The biocompatibility experiments evaluated through in vitro cell attachment and proliferation of BMSCs showed good biocompatibility.The mechanical properties and biocompatibility confirmed that PICN could be a promising candidate for CAD/CAM blocks for dental restoration.展开更多
Dental restorative materials with high mechanical properties and biocompatible performances are promising.In this work,polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network materials(PICNs)were fabricated via infiltrating polymerizable...Dental restorative materials with high mechanical properties and biocompatible performances are promising.In this work,polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network materials(PICNs)were fabricated via infiltrating polymerizable monomers into porous ceramic networks and incorporated with hydroxyapatite nano-powders.Our results revealed that the flexural strength can be enhanced up to 157.32 MPa,and elastic modulus and Vickers hardness can be achieved up to 19.4 and 1.31 GPa,respectively,which are comparable with the commercial computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM)blocks.Additionally,the adhesion and spreading of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(r BMSCs)on the surface of such materials can be improved by adding hydroxyapatite,which results in good biocompatibility.Such PICNs are potential applicants for their application in the dental restoration.展开更多
Polymer-ceramic composites were prepared by twin screw melt extrusion with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as the matrix and polystyrene-coated BaO-Nd2O3-TiO2 (BNT) ceramics as the filling material.Interestingly,the ...Polymer-ceramic composites were prepared by twin screw melt extrusion with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as the matrix and polystyrene-coated BaO-Nd2O3-TiO2 (BNT) ceramics as the filling material.Interestingly,the incorporation of polystyrene (PS) by the coating route could significantly improve the thermal behaviors of the composites (HDPE-PS/BNT),besides the temperature stability of dielectric properties and thermal displacement.The microwave dielectric properties of the composites were investigated systematically.The results indicated that,as the volume fraction of BNT ceramic particles increased from 10 to 50 vol％ in the composites,the dielectric constant increased from 3.54 (9.23 GHz) to 13.14 (7.20 GHz),which can be beneficial for the miniaturization of microwave devices;the dielectric loss tangent was relatively low (0.0003-0.0012);more importantly,the ratio of PS to HDPE increased accordingly,making the composite containing 50 vol％ BNT ceramics have a low value of temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf =-11.2 ppm/℃) from-20 to 60 ℃.The GPS microstrip antennas were therefore designed and prepared from the HDPE-PS/BNT composites.They possessed good thermal stability (τf=23.6 ppm/℃) over a temperature range of-20 to 60 ℃,promising to meet the requirements of practical antenna applications.展开更多
All-solid-state Li-ion batteries(ASSLIBs)have been widely studied to achieve Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with high safety and energy density.Recent reviews and experimental papers have focused on methods that improve the io...All-solid-state Li-ion batteries(ASSLIBs)have been widely studied to achieve Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with high safety and energy density.Recent reviews and experimental papers have focused on methods that improve the ionic conductivity,stabilize the electrochemical performance,and enhance the electrolyte/electrode interfacial compatibility of several solid-state electrolytes(SSEs),including oxides,sulfides,composite and gel electrolytes,and so on.Garnet-structured Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO)is highly regarded an SSE with excellent application potential.However,this type of electrolyte also possesses a number of disadvantages,such as low ionic conductivity,unstable cubic phase,and poor interfacial compatibility with anodes/cathodes.The benefits of LLZO have urged many researchers to explore effective solutions to overcome its inherent limitations.Herein,we review recent developments on garnet-structured LLZO and provide comprehensive insights to guide the development of garnet-structured LLZO-type electrolytes.We not only systematically and comprehensively discuss the preparation,element doping,structure,stability,and interfacial improvement of LLZOs but also provide future perspectives for these materials.This review expands the current understanding on advanced solid garnet electrolytes and provides meaningful guidance for the commercialization of ASSLIBs.展开更多
Pervaporation(PV),as an environmental friendly and energy-saving separation technology,has been received increasing attention in recent years.This article reviews the preparation and application of macroporous ceramic...Pervaporation(PV),as an environmental friendly and energy-saving separation technology,has been received increasing attention in recent years.This article reviews the preparation and application of macroporous ceramic-supported polymer composite pervaporation membranes.The separation materials of polymer/ceramic composite membranes presented here include hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) and hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),chitosan(CS) and polyelectrolytes.The effects of ceramic support treatment,polymer solution properties,interfacial adhesion and incorporating or blending modification on the membrane structure and PV performance are discussed.Two in-situ characterization methods developed for polymer/ceramic composite membranes are also covered in the discussion.The applications of these composite membranes in pervaporation process are summarized as well,which contain the bio-fuels recovery,gasoline desulfuration and PV coupled proc-ess using PDMS/ceramic composite membrane,and dehydration of alcohols and esters using ceramic-supported PVA or PVA-CS composite membrane.Finally,a brief conclusion remark on polymer/ceramic composite mem-branes is given and possible future research is outlined.展开更多
The polycarbosilane(PCS)precursor for SiC with high molecular weight and medium molecular weight distribution was synthesized from polydimethylsilane at normal pressure.The chemical formula,the number average molecula...The polycarbosilane(PCS)precursor for SiC with high molecular weight and medium molecular weight distribution was synthesized from polydimethylsilane at normal pressure.The chemical formula,the number average molecular weight,and the polydispersivity index of the synthesized PCS are SiC_(1.94)H_(5.01)O_(0.028),1135,and 1.66,respectively,which can be attributed to the higher reaction temperature used for polymerization.The polymer to ceramic conversion of PCS was completed at 900℃with a ceramic yield of 85%.The crystallization started at 1100℃,and at 1200℃,well resolved peaks ofβ-SiC were formed with small amount ofα-cristobalite.The X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)studies indicated the presence of nanocrystallineβ-SiC.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51902201,51527801).The authors would also like to thank Dr.Chunjie Cao from Carl Zeiss(Shanghai)Co.,Ltd.for the XRM figure processing,and Ms.Yirong Gao for constructive suggestions and comments regarding the manuscript.
文摘The practical energy density of solid-state batteries remains limited,partly because of the lack of a general method to fabricate thin membranes for solid-state electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and low area-specific resistance(ASR).Herein,we use an ultrahigh concentration of a ceramic ion conductor(Na_(3)SbS_(4))to build an ionconduction“highway”,and a polymer(polyethylene oxide,2 wt%)as a flexible host to prepare a polymer-inceramic ion-conducting membrane of approximately 40μm.Without the use of any salt(e.g.,NaPF_(6)),the resulting membrane exhibits a threefold increase in electronic ASR and a twofold decrease in ionic ASR compared with a pure ceramic counterpart.The activation energy for sodium-ion transport is only 190 meV in the membrane,similar to that in pure ceramic,suggesting ion transport predominantly occurs through a percolated network of ion-conducting ceramic particles.The salt-free design also provides an opportunity to suppress dendritic metal electrodeposits,according to a recently refined chemomechanical model of metal deposition.Our work suggests that salt is not always necessary in composite solid-state electrolytes,which broadens the choice of polymers to allow the optimization of other desired attributes,such as mechanical strength,chemical/electrochemical stability,and cost.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFB0100500)Special fund of key technology research and development projects (20180201097GX) (20180201099GX) (20180201096GX) (20190302130GX)+1 种基金Jilin province science and technology department. The R&D Program of power batteries with low temperature and high energy, Science and Technology Bureau of Changchun (19SS013)Key Subject Construction of Physical Chemistry of Northeast Normal University。
文摘Inspired by the concept of "polymer-in-ceramic",a composite poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL)/ceramic containing LiTFSI is prepared and investigated as a solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries.The composite with the optimum concentration of 45 wt% LiTFSI and 75 wt% Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3(LAGP,NASICON-type structure) exhibits a high ionic conductivity(σi=0.17 mS cm-1) at 30℃,a transference number of 0.30,and is stable up to 5.0 V.The composite electrolyte is a flexible and self-standing membrane.Solid-state LiFePO4//Li batteries with this composite electrolyte demonstrate excellent cycling stability with high discharge capacity of 157 mA h g-1,high capacity retention of 96% and coulombic efficiency of 98.5% after 130 cycles at 30℃ and 0.1 C rate.These electrochemical properties are better than other PCL-based allsolid-lithium batteries,and validate the concept of "polymer-in-ceramic" by avoiding the drawback of lower conductivity in prior "polymer-in-ceramic" electrolyte at high concentration of the ceramic.
基金financially supported by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z171100002017009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51532003,51221291,51328203 and 81671026)
文摘Layered porous ceramic used for polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network materials(PICNs) may be a promising candidate for dental restoration.The effect of sintering temperature of ceramic green bodies on mechanical and optical properties of PICNs is unclear.The purpose was to fabricate PICNs and evaluate their mechanical and optical properties.Polymer-infiltrated layered silicates for dental restorative materials were prepared via infiltrating polymerizable monomers into partially sintered porous silicates and thermo-curing.Bending samples for flexural strength and fracture toughness were fabricated(sample numbers of n=15).Vickers hardness and elastic modulus were measured via nano-indentation(n=10).One-way ANOVA and Weibull statistics were used for statistical analysis.Optical property was characterized by spectral reflectance.Brittleness index was used to characterize the machinability of the materials.Microstructures and phase structures were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometer(XRD),respectively.Flexural strength of polymer-infiltrated layered silicates varied from 91.29 to 155.19 MPa,fracture toughness ranged from 1.186 to 1.782 MPa·m^1/2,Vickers hardness ranged from 1.165 to 9.596 GPa,and elastic modulus ranged from 25.35 to 100.50 GPa.The formed glass phases at 1200 and 1300℃ showed influences on corresponding optical property,which could be observed from spectral reflectance.A kind of PICNs was fabricated by infiltrating polymerizable monomers into layered porous ceramic networks.Sintering temperature could have dramatic effects on the mechanical and optical properties of porous ceramics and PICNs.These kinds of materials possess similar properties to that of natural tooth and could be used for dental restoration.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A new type of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network composites (PICNs) was fabricated by infiltrating methacrylate-based monomers into partially sintered porous ceramics.The mechanical properties (flexural strength,flexural modulus,elastic modulus,Vickers hardness,fracture toughness) were investigated and compared with that of the natural tooth and common commercial CAD/CAM blocks.Our results indicated that sintering temperature and corresponding density of porous ceramics have an obvious influence on the mechanical properties,and PICNs could highly mimic the natural tooth in mechanical properties.The biocompatibility experiments evaluated through in vitro cell attachment and proliferation of BMSCs showed good biocompatibility.The mechanical properties and biocompatibility confirmed that PICN could be a promising candidate for CAD/CAM blocks for dental restoration.
基金Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(No of China.Z171100002017009)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81671026)。
文摘Dental restorative materials with high mechanical properties and biocompatible performances are promising.In this work,polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network materials(PICNs)were fabricated via infiltrating polymerizable monomers into porous ceramic networks and incorporated with hydroxyapatite nano-powders.Our results revealed that the flexural strength can be enhanced up to 157.32 MPa,and elastic modulus and Vickers hardness can be achieved up to 19.4 and 1.31 GPa,respectively,which are comparable with the commercial computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM)blocks.Additionally,the adhesion and spreading of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(r BMSCs)on the surface of such materials can be improved by adding hydroxyapatite,which results in good biocompatibility.Such PICNs are potential applicants for their application in the dental restoration.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China，the Ministry of Science and Technology of China through 973 Program under Grant No.2015CB654605,and Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList)Cross-discipline Foundation
文摘Polymer-ceramic composites were prepared by twin screw melt extrusion with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as the matrix and polystyrene-coated BaO-Nd2O3-TiO2 (BNT) ceramics as the filling material.Interestingly,the incorporation of polystyrene (PS) by the coating route could significantly improve the thermal behaviors of the composites (HDPE-PS/BNT),besides the temperature stability of dielectric properties and thermal displacement.The microwave dielectric properties of the composites were investigated systematically.The results indicated that,as the volume fraction of BNT ceramic particles increased from 10 to 50 vol％ in the composites,the dielectric constant increased from 3.54 (9.23 GHz) to 13.14 (7.20 GHz),which can be beneficial for the miniaturization of microwave devices;the dielectric loss tangent was relatively low (0.0003-0.0012);more importantly,the ratio of PS to HDPE increased accordingly,making the composite containing 50 vol％ BNT ceramics have a low value of temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf =-11.2 ppm/℃) from-20 to 60 ℃.The GPS microstrip antennas were therefore designed and prepared from the HDPE-PS/BNT composites.They possessed good thermal stability (τf=23.6 ppm/℃) over a temperature range of-20 to 60 ℃,promising to meet the requirements of practical antenna applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21701083 and 51801078)the Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of Marine Power Equipment Performance(No.SS2018006)+1 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Nos.SJCX19_0612 and KYCX20_3137)the Project of Jiangsu University(High-Tech Ship)Collaborative Innovation Center(No.2019,1174871801-11).
文摘All-solid-state Li-ion batteries(ASSLIBs)have been widely studied to achieve Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with high safety and energy density.Recent reviews and experimental papers have focused on methods that improve the ionic conductivity,stabilize the electrochemical performance,and enhance the electrolyte/electrode interfacial compatibility of several solid-state electrolytes(SSEs),including oxides,sulfides,composite and gel electrolytes,and so on.Garnet-structured Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO)is highly regarded an SSE with excellent application potential.However,this type of electrolyte also possesses a number of disadvantages,such as low ionic conductivity,unstable cubic phase,and poor interfacial compatibility with anodes/cathodes.The benefits of LLZO have urged many researchers to explore effective solutions to overcome its inherent limitations.Herein,we review recent developments on garnet-structured LLZO and provide comprehensive insights to guide the development of garnet-structured LLZO-type electrolytes.We not only systematically and comprehensively discuss the preparation,element doping,structure,stability,and interfacial improvement of LLZOs but also provide future perspectives for these materials.This review expands the current understanding on advanced solid garnet electrolytes and provides meaningful guidance for the commercialization of ASSLIBs.
文摘Pervaporation(PV),as an environmental friendly and energy-saving separation technology,has been received increasing attention in recent years.This article reviews the preparation and application of macroporous ceramic-supported polymer composite pervaporation membranes.The separation materials of polymer/ceramic composite membranes presented here include hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) and hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),chitosan(CS) and polyelectrolytes.The effects of ceramic support treatment,polymer solution properties,interfacial adhesion and incorporating or blending modification on the membrane structure and PV performance are discussed.Two in-situ characterization methods developed for polymer/ceramic composite membranes are also covered in the discussion.The applications of these composite membranes in pervaporation process are summarized as well,which contain the bio-fuels recovery,gasoline desulfuration and PV coupled proc-ess using PDMS/ceramic composite membrane,and dehydration of alcohols and esters using ceramic-supported PVA or PVA-CS composite membrane.Finally,a brief conclusion remark on polymer/ceramic composite mem-branes is given and possible future research is outlined.
文摘The polycarbosilane(PCS)precursor for SiC with high molecular weight and medium molecular weight distribution was synthesized from polydimethylsilane at normal pressure.The chemical formula,the number average molecular weight,and the polydispersivity index of the synthesized PCS are SiC_(1.94)H_(5.01)O_(0.028),1135,and 1.66,respectively,which can be attributed to the higher reaction temperature used for polymerization.The polymer to ceramic conversion of PCS was completed at 900℃with a ceramic yield of 85%.The crystallization started at 1100℃,and at 1200℃,well resolved peaks ofβ-SiC were formed with small amount ofα-cristobalite.The X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)studies indicated the presence of nanocrystallineβ-SiC.
