To better understand potential pollutant formations during combustion of conventional hydrocarbon fuels blended with oxygenated fuels, detailed influences of ethanol as fuel additive on small polycyclic aromatic hydro...To better understand potential pollutant formations during combustion of conventional hydrocarbon fuels blended with oxygenated fuels, detailed influences of ethanol as fuel additive on small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) precursors, aldehydes, ketene and other important intermediate species in premixed fuel-rich low-pressure ethylene flames are distinguished among dilution, thermal and chemical effects of additives. Dominant effects of ethanol addition on each species are underlined respectively. Ethylene oxidation process is delayed when ethylene is substituted by ethanol. The influence of ethanol dilution and thermal effects on ethylene consumption are larger than chemical effects. CO mole fractions slightly decrease mainly as a result of dilution and thermal effects of added ethanol. The reductions in small PAHs precursors(acetylene and propargyl) are attributed to dilution and thermal effects of ethanol addition instead of chemical effects. The ethanol chemical effects promote formations of hazardous pollutants formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and especially are responsible for the significant increase of acetaldehyde. C2H6, C4H2 and C4H4 mole fractions decrease in a similar way with acetylene and propargyl as ethanol is added. Ethanol used here only serves as a prototype of oxygenated additive, and identification method in this work is more universal which can be easily extended for analyzing other fuel blends of hydrocarbon and oxygenated fuels.展开更多
药物和个人护理用品(pharmaceutical and personal care products, PPCPs)作为一类新兴的污染物,在环境中的存在、迁移已引起特别关注,成为环境领域热点研究方向。综述液相色谱-质谱联用、气相色谱-质谱联用两类分析检测技术的选择、应...药物和个人护理用品(pharmaceutical and personal care products, PPCPs)作为一类新兴的污染物,在环境中的存在、迁移已引起特别关注,成为环境领域热点研究方向。综述液相色谱-质谱联用、气相色谱-质谱联用两类分析检测技术的选择、应用和发展,风险评价重难点和风险评价方法的选择,活性污泥法、膜处理工艺、碳吸附法等常用控制技术的研究进展。指出水环境中PPCPs污染物识别的标准体系不完善、方法不统一,风险评价无法全面、客观与准确地反映PPCPs的生态影响,控制技术还需进一步加强和提升。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51306091)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.BK20140034,BK20130758)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.30920140111005)the Jiangsu Provincial Project of"Six Talent Summit"(Grant No.2014-XNY-002)
文摘To better understand potential pollutant formations during combustion of conventional hydrocarbon fuels blended with oxygenated fuels, detailed influences of ethanol as fuel additive on small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) precursors, aldehydes, ketene and other important intermediate species in premixed fuel-rich low-pressure ethylene flames are distinguished among dilution, thermal and chemical effects of additives. Dominant effects of ethanol addition on each species are underlined respectively. Ethylene oxidation process is delayed when ethylene is substituted by ethanol. The influence of ethanol dilution and thermal effects on ethylene consumption are larger than chemical effects. CO mole fractions slightly decrease mainly as a result of dilution and thermal effects of added ethanol. The reductions in small PAHs precursors(acetylene and propargyl) are attributed to dilution and thermal effects of ethanol addition instead of chemical effects. The ethanol chemical effects promote formations of hazardous pollutants formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and especially are responsible for the significant increase of acetaldehyde. C2H6, C4H2 and C4H4 mole fractions decrease in a similar way with acetylene and propargyl as ethanol is added. Ethanol used here only serves as a prototype of oxygenated additive, and identification method in this work is more universal which can be easily extended for analyzing other fuel blends of hydrocarbon and oxygenated fuels.
文摘药物和个人护理用品(pharmaceutical and personal care products, PPCPs)作为一类新兴的污染物,在环境中的存在、迁移已引起特别关注,成为环境领域热点研究方向。综述液相色谱-质谱联用、气相色谱-质谱联用两类分析检测技术的选择、应用和发展,风险评价重难点和风险评价方法的选择,活性污泥法、膜处理工艺、碳吸附法等常用控制技术的研究进展。指出水环境中PPCPs污染物识别的标准体系不完善、方法不统一,风险评价无法全面、客观与准确地反映PPCPs的生态影响,控制技术还需进一步加强和提升。
