Herbicide residues in agricultural products can have adverse effects on the environment and human health,therefore,there is an urgent need to establish a sensitive,rapid,and wide-ranging detection method.In this study...Herbicide residues in agricultural products can have adverse effects on the environment and human health,therefore,there is an urgent need to establish a sensitive,rapid,and wide-ranging detection method.In this study,haptens of phenylurea herbicides(PUs)and sulfonylurea herbicides(SUs)were analyzed and designed based on computational simulation techniques,and two high-performance broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies against PUs and SUs were prepared.On this basis,a multi-colloidal gold immunochromatography assay(multi-CGIA)was developed to simultaneously detect 13 herbicides in wheat.The visual limit of detection(vLOD)for PUs including diuron,chlortoluron,neburon,chlorbromuron,and linuron was 1-2μg/kg.The vLOD for SUs including metsulfuron methyl,ethametsulfuron-methyl,sulfometuron-methyl,tribenuron methyl,cinosulfuron,triasulfuron,chlorimuron-ethyl,and chlorsulfuron was 2-10μg/kg.The results of real sample determination indicated that the multi-CGIA is accurate,stable,and reliable,and adaptable to on-site preliminary screening of actual samples.展开更多
Objective\ To validate the use of Allium sativum as a reliable test model for genotoxicity, isoproturon, a substituted phenylalkylurea herbicide, was evaluated on the root meristem cells by this plant system. M...Objective\ To validate the use of Allium sativum as a reliable test model for genotoxicity, isoproturon, a substituted phenylalkylurea herbicide, was evaluated on the root meristem cells by this plant system. Method\ Test concentrations were selected by determining EC50 and root tips were exposed to various concentrations for 6 or 24 hr. EC50 concentration was calculated to be 70.8 ppm for the root growth. In addition to root growth retardation exposure to isoproturon induced morpholoogical changes like discolouration and stiffness of roots. Results\ Exposure to various experimental concentrations of isoproturon (35-280 ppm), including EC50, significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the mitotic index and induced chromosome breaks/mitotic aberrations at 6 or 24 hr. Conclusion\ The frequency of aberrations was found to be decreased in a dose dependant manner at 24 or 48 hr post exposure, however in comparison of control cells the frequency of aberrations was considerably high which indicates genotoxicity potentials of isoproturon. Further, present study also suggests that Allium sativum is a sensitive, efficient, and reliable test system for measuring the genotoxicity potential of environmental chemicals.展开更多
A new practical method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas was achieved by reaction of phenylurea with primary and secondary amines under neutral and mild condition in very good yields. The reaction took place in...A new practical method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas was achieved by reaction of phenylurea with primary and secondary amines under neutral and mild condition in very good yields. The reaction took place in refluxing dioxane and does not require any catalyst or additives.展开更多
wenty-eight new N-2-thiazolyl and thiazolinyl-N'-substituted phenylureaswere synthesized by the reaction of the heterocycles and substituted phenyl iso-cyanates. Their cytokinin activity was examined by cucumber c...wenty-eight new N-2-thiazolyl and thiazolinyl-N'-substituted phenylureaswere synthesized by the reaction of the heterocycles and substituted phenyl iso-cyanates. Their cytokinin activity was examined by cucumber cotyledon expansionbioassay. N-thiazolyl and N-thiazolinyl-N'-(m-chlorophenyl )-ureas showed a goodPGR activity in comparison to Kinetin. The structure/activity relationship was dis-cussed.展开更多
A novel environmentally benign process for the synthesis of methyl N-phenyl carbamate (MPC) from methanol and phenylurea was studied. Effect of solvent and catalyst on the reaction behavior was investigated. The IR s...A novel environmentally benign process for the synthesis of methyl N-phenyl carbamate (MPC) from methanol and phenylurea was studied. Effect of solvent and catalyst on the reaction behavior was investigated. The IR spectra of methanol and phenylurea dissolved in different solvents were also recorded. Compared with use of methanol as both a reactant and a solvent, phenylurea conversion and selectivity to MPC increased by using toluene, benzene or anisole as a solvent, while phenylurea conversion decreased slightly by using n-octane as a solvent. The phenylurea conversion declined nearly 50% when dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a reaction media, and MPC selec- tivity decreased as well. The catalytic reaction tests showed that a basic catalyst enhanced the selectivity to MPC while an acidic catalyst promoted the formation of methyl carbamate and aniline. Moderate degree of basicity showed the best catalytic performance in the cases studied.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22306074 and 222360020)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFF1105003 and 2022YFA1207300)the grants from Jiangsu province(Nos.CX(22)1013,BK20212014,and M20221006).
文摘Herbicide residues in agricultural products can have adverse effects on the environment and human health,therefore,there is an urgent need to establish a sensitive,rapid,and wide-ranging detection method.In this study,haptens of phenylurea herbicides(PUs)and sulfonylurea herbicides(SUs)were analyzed and designed based on computational simulation techniques,and two high-performance broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies against PUs and SUs were prepared.On this basis,a multi-colloidal gold immunochromatography assay(multi-CGIA)was developed to simultaneously detect 13 herbicides in wheat.The visual limit of detection(vLOD)for PUs including diuron,chlortoluron,neburon,chlorbromuron,and linuron was 1-2μg/kg.The vLOD for SUs including metsulfuron methyl,ethametsulfuron-methyl,sulfometuron-methyl,tribenuron methyl,cinosulfuron,triasulfuron,chlorimuron-ethyl,and chlorsulfuron was 2-10μg/kg.The results of real sample determination indicated that the multi-CGIA is accurate,stable,and reliable,and adaptable to on-site preliminary screening of actual samples.
文摘Objective\ To validate the use of Allium sativum as a reliable test model for genotoxicity, isoproturon, a substituted phenylalkylurea herbicide, was evaluated on the root meristem cells by this plant system. Method\ Test concentrations were selected by determining EC50 and root tips were exposed to various concentrations for 6 or 24 hr. EC50 concentration was calculated to be 70.8 ppm for the root growth. In addition to root growth retardation exposure to isoproturon induced morpholoogical changes like discolouration and stiffness of roots. Results\ Exposure to various experimental concentrations of isoproturon (35-280 ppm), including EC50, significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the mitotic index and induced chromosome breaks/mitotic aberrations at 6 or 24 hr. Conclusion\ The frequency of aberrations was found to be decreased in a dose dependant manner at 24 or 48 hr post exposure, however in comparison of control cells the frequency of aberrations was considerably high which indicates genotoxicity potentials of isoproturon. Further, present study also suggests that Allium sativum is a sensitive, efficient, and reliable test system for measuring the genotoxicity potential of environmental chemicals.
基金Financial support of this work from the Research Council of the University of Mazandaran is gratefully acknowledged
文摘A new practical method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas was achieved by reaction of phenylurea with primary and secondary amines under neutral and mild condition in very good yields. The reaction took place in refluxing dioxane and does not require any catalyst or additives.
文摘wenty-eight new N-2-thiazolyl and thiazolinyl-N'-substituted phenylureaswere synthesized by the reaction of the heterocycles and substituted phenyl iso-cyanates. Their cytokinin activity was examined by cucumber cotyledon expansionbioassay. N-thiazolyl and N-thiazolinyl-N'-(m-chlorophenyl )-ureas showed a goodPGR activity in comparison to Kinetin. The structure/activity relationship was dis-cussed.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Ministry of China (No. 2001CCA02700).
文摘A novel environmentally benign process for the synthesis of methyl N-phenyl carbamate (MPC) from methanol and phenylurea was studied. Effect of solvent and catalyst on the reaction behavior was investigated. The IR spectra of methanol and phenylurea dissolved in different solvents were also recorded. Compared with use of methanol as both a reactant and a solvent, phenylurea conversion and selectivity to MPC increased by using toluene, benzene or anisole as a solvent, while phenylurea conversion decreased slightly by using n-octane as a solvent. The phenylurea conversion declined nearly 50% when dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a reaction media, and MPC selec- tivity decreased as well. The catalytic reaction tests showed that a basic catalyst enhanced the selectivity to MPC while an acidic catalyst promoted the formation of methyl carbamate and aniline. Moderate degree of basicity showed the best catalytic performance in the cases studied.
