In practice, pesticides are usually applied simultaneously or one after another for crop protection, and this type of pesticide application often leads to a combined contamination of pesticide residues in the soil env...In practice, pesticides are usually applied simultaneously or one after another for crop protection, and this type of pesticide application often leads to a combined contamination of pesticide residues in the soil environment. A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the influence of chlorothalonil on chlorpyrifos degradation and its effects on soil bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete populations. Under the experimental conditions here, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos alone, and in combination with chlorothalonil, at the recommended and double dosages, were measured to be 3.24, 2.77, and 2.63 d, respectively. Chlorpyrifos degradation was not significantly altered by its combination with chlorothalonil. However, the inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos on soil microorganisms was increased by its combination with chlorothalonil, and the increase was related to the levels of chlorothalonil added. Compared to those in the controls, the populations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were significantly reduced by 44.1%, 61.1%, and 72.8%, respectively, on the first day after treatment （DAT） by chlorpyrifos alone. With the addition of chlorothalonil, the inhibition was increased to 55.2%, 79.3%, and 85,8% at the recommended dosage, and 86.0%, 94.1%, and 90.8% at the double dosage, at one DAT, respectively. The results suggested that combined effects should be taken into account to assess the actual impacts of pesticide applications.展开更多
利用有机磷农药废水培养基,从江苏省南通市有机磷农药生产企业污水处理池活性污泥中驯化、分离了52株具有有机磷农药废水降解能力的菌种,建立资源库。对菌种资源库进行高效有机磷农药废水降解菌的筛选,获得14株72 h COD去除率大于60%的...利用有机磷农药废水培养基,从江苏省南通市有机磷农药生产企业污水处理池活性污泥中驯化、分离了52株具有有机磷农药废水降解能力的菌种,建立资源库。对菌种资源库进行高效有机磷农药废水降解菌的筛选,获得14株72 h COD去除率大于60%的菌株。经形态学观察和16S rDNA初步鉴定,10株细菌分属于假单胞菌属(Pesudomonas)、不动菌属(Acinetobacter)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、副球菌属(Paracoccus);4株真菌分属于丝孢酵母属(Trichosporon)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、青霉属(Piniciellum)。选择降解率高的5株菌进行组合培养,筛选了6组72 h COD去除率大于70%的高效降解有机磷农药废水的菌群组合。展开更多
文摘In practice, pesticides are usually applied simultaneously or one after another for crop protection, and this type of pesticide application often leads to a combined contamination of pesticide residues in the soil environment. A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the influence of chlorothalonil on chlorpyrifos degradation and its effects on soil bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete populations. Under the experimental conditions here, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos alone, and in combination with chlorothalonil, at the recommended and double dosages, were measured to be 3.24, 2.77, and 2.63 d, respectively. Chlorpyrifos degradation was not significantly altered by its combination with chlorothalonil. However, the inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos on soil microorganisms was increased by its combination with chlorothalonil, and the increase was related to the levels of chlorothalonil added. Compared to those in the controls, the populations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were significantly reduced by 44.1%, 61.1%, and 72.8%, respectively, on the first day after treatment （DAT） by chlorpyrifos alone. With the addition of chlorothalonil, the inhibition was increased to 55.2%, 79.3%, and 85,8% at the recommended dosage, and 86.0%, 94.1%, and 90.8% at the double dosage, at one DAT, respectively. The results suggested that combined effects should be taken into account to assess the actual impacts of pesticide applications.
文摘利用有机磷农药废水培养基,从江苏省南通市有机磷农药生产企业污水处理池活性污泥中驯化、分离了52株具有有机磷农药废水降解能力的菌种,建立资源库。对菌种资源库进行高效有机磷农药废水降解菌的筛选,获得14株72 h COD去除率大于60%的菌株。经形态学观察和16S rDNA初步鉴定,10株细菌分属于假单胞菌属(Pesudomonas)、不动菌属(Acinetobacter)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、副球菌属(Paracoccus);4株真菌分属于丝孢酵母属(Trichosporon)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、青霉属(Piniciellum)。选择降解率高的5株菌进行组合培养,筛选了6组72 h COD去除率大于70%的高效降解有机磷农药废水的菌群组合。
