Sepsis is systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)associated with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxin.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)is an important component of the outer membrane of Gram negative b...Sepsis is systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)associated with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxin.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)is an important component of the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria and has a pivotal role in inducing Gram negative sepsis.Macrophages play an essential role in infection and inflammation.Specific recognition of LPS is of particular importance in the defense system and pattern recognition receptors(PRR)have been considered to be important in initial steps for cellular recognition of LPS and consequence initiation of LPS responses.In the past few years,intense research in the fields of PRR and their recognition mechanism has been achieved.In this review,we attempt to expound recent research advances of macrophage PRRs for LPS recognition and their mechanism.展开更多
甲型流感病毒作为引起人类和动物急性呼吸道传染病的一个主要病原体,在世界范围内广泛流行。研究表明,甲型流感病毒感染宿主后会诱导宿主的天然免疫应答。甲型流感病毒感染可引起Toll样受体(Toll like receptors,TLRs)和RIG-Ⅰ样受体(R...甲型流感病毒作为引起人类和动物急性呼吸道传染病的一个主要病原体,在世界范围内广泛流行。研究表明,甲型流感病毒感染宿主后会诱导宿主的天然免疫应答。甲型流感病毒感染可引起Toll样受体(Toll like receptors,TLRs)和RIG-Ⅰ样受体(RIG-Ⅰ like receptors,RLRs)等宿主模式识别受体介导的抗病毒信号通路的活化,并在多种机制调控下诱导干扰素和其他细胞因子的表达,如Ⅰ型干扰素、Ⅲ型干扰素等,从而启动干扰素刺激基因(Interferon stimulated genes,ISGs)的转录及其抗病毒蛋白的表达,进而实现抗病毒作用。本文就甲型流感病毒感染与干扰素介导的天然免疫应答相关的信号通路和调控机制进行综述。展开更多
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are found on the membranes of pattern recognition receptors and not only play important roles in activating immune responses but are also involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease...Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are found on the membranes of pattern recognition receptors and not only play important roles in activating immune responses but are also involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease, injury and cancer. Furthermore, TLRs are also able to recognize endogenous alarmins released by damaged tissue and necrosis and/or apoptotic cells and are present in numerous autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the release of endogenous TLR ligands plays an important role in initiating and driving inflammatory diseases. Increasing data suggest a role for TLR signaling in rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease. Although their involvement is not comprehensively understood, the TLRs signaling transducers may provide potential therapeutic targets.展开更多
文摘Sepsis is systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)associated with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxin.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)is an important component of the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria and has a pivotal role in inducing Gram negative sepsis.Macrophages play an essential role in infection and inflammation.Specific recognition of LPS is of particular importance in the defense system and pattern recognition receptors(PRR)have been considered to be important in initial steps for cellular recognition of LPS and consequence initiation of LPS responses.In the past few years,intense research in the fields of PRR and their recognition mechanism has been achieved.In this review,we attempt to expound recent research advances of macrophage PRRs for LPS recognition and their mechanism.
文摘甲型流感病毒作为引起人类和动物急性呼吸道传染病的一个主要病原体,在世界范围内广泛流行。研究表明,甲型流感病毒感染宿主后会诱导宿主的天然免疫应答。甲型流感病毒感染可引起Toll样受体(Toll like receptors,TLRs)和RIG-Ⅰ样受体(RIG-Ⅰ like receptors,RLRs)等宿主模式识别受体介导的抗病毒信号通路的活化,并在多种机制调控下诱导干扰素和其他细胞因子的表达,如Ⅰ型干扰素、Ⅲ型干扰素等,从而启动干扰素刺激基因(Interferon stimulated genes,ISGs)的转录及其抗病毒蛋白的表达,进而实现抗病毒作用。本文就甲型流感病毒感染与干扰素介导的天然免疫应答相关的信号通路和调控机制进行综述。
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871193, 30972748, 81001319)the Natural Science Foundation of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(Grant No. 09KJB310001)Innovation Fund for Candidate of Doctor in Jiangsu Province(Grant No.CX09B_217Z)
文摘Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are found on the membranes of pattern recognition receptors and not only play important roles in activating immune responses but are also involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease, injury and cancer. Furthermore, TLRs are also able to recognize endogenous alarmins released by damaged tissue and necrosis and/or apoptotic cells and are present in numerous autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the release of endogenous TLR ligands plays an important role in initiating and driving inflammatory diseases. Increasing data suggest a role for TLR signaling in rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease. Although their involvement is not comprehensively understood, the TLRs signaling transducers may provide potential therapeutic targets.
