Objective: To investigate the effect of the roselle calyx extract(RCE)(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on the in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria. Methods:RCE was prepared by soaking r...Objective: To investigate the effect of the roselle calyx extract(RCE)(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on the in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria. Methods:RCE was prepared by soaking roselle calyx powder with ethyl alcohol for 24 h at room temperature. After centrifugation, the extract was lyophilized. Then, the extract was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline, the p H was adjusted, and the extract was aseptically filtered. We used Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in this study. The antibacterial activity of the RCE was determined by treating the cells of these bacteria with the extract for 10 or 20 min at room temperature. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined using the micro dilution method, and the effect of the RCE on the ability to form biofilm was determined using a polystyrene micro plate assay. In addition, we used the WST-1 assay to determine the cytotoxicity of the RCE on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells. Results: The RCE had antibacterial activity against oral bacteria used in this study. In particular, most significant antibacterial activity was observed against Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration were 7.2 mg/m L–28.8 mg/m L and 14.4 to >57.6 mg/m L. The RCE had an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation at the MIC and sub-MIC levels. In addition, the RCE had low cytotoxic effects on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells. Conclusions: Thus, our results indicate that the RCE may be used for preventing oral diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The route of most systemic diseases begins in the oral cavity. Oral health knowledge of mouthwashes and their uses is indispensable for the general population and especially adolescents. The use of mouthwa...BACKGROUND: The route of most systemic diseases begins in the oral cavity. Oral health knowledge of mouthwashes and their uses is indispensable for the general population and especially adolescents. The use of mouthwash by adolescents can be a beneficial adjunct to their oral hygiene routine, providing additional protection against dental diseases and promoting fresher breath. Overuse or misuse of mouthwash, particularly those containing alcohol or other potentially irritating ingredients, may lead to adverse effects such as oral mucosal irritation, dry mouth, or alteration of the oral microbiome. OBJECTIVES: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and use of mouthwash among senior high school students in Kumasi. METHODOLOGY: 120 students responded to a standard questionnaire by a convenient sample technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 and MS Excel were used for data management and analysis. The results of the study were presented using tables, bar charts, and pie chart. RESULTS: The ages of the respondents ranged from 14 to 20 years. Out of the 120 participants, 71 students that represent 59.2% of the total, used mouthwash. Majority of the participants (63%) utilized a mouthwash after brushing their teeth. 49% of the participants reported using mouthwash to address halitosis, 37% used it to combat periodontal disease, and 10% used it for relief from a sore throat. CONCLUSION: In general, most of the participants who use mouthwash had excellent knowledge and a positive attitude toward the use of mouthwash.展开更多
Recently, plasma sterilization has attracted increasing attention in dental community ibr the atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma jet （APNPs）, which is driven by a kilohertz pulsed DC power, may be applied t...Recently, plasma sterilization has attracted increasing attention in dental community ibr the atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma jet （APNPs）, which is driven by a kilohertz pulsed DC power, may be applied to the dental and oral diseases. However, it is still in doubt whether APNPs can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity and produce no harmful effects on normal oral tissues, especially on normal mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial-killing effect of APNPs in the biofilms containing a single breed of bacteria （Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pg.）, and the pathological changes of the oral mucosa after treatment by APNPs. P.g. was incubated to form the biofilms in vitro, and the samples were divided into three groups randomly： group A （blank control）; group B in which the biofilms were treated by APNPs （the setting of the equipment： 10 kHz, 1600 ns and 8 kV）; group C in which the biofilms were exposed only to a gas jet without ignition of the plasma. Each group had three samples and each sample was processed for up to 5 min. The biofilms were then fluorescently stained, observed and photographed under a laser scanning confocal microscope. In the animal experiment, six male Japanese white rabbits were divided into two groups randomly （n=3 in each group） in terms of the different post-treatment time （1-day group and 5-day group）. The buccal mucosa of the left side and the mucosa of the ventral surface of the tongue were treated by APNPs for 10 min in the same way as the bacterial biofilm experiment in each rabbit, and the corresponding mucosa of the other sides served as normal control. The clinical manifestations of the oral mucosa were observed and recorded every day. The rabbits were sacrificed one or five day（s） after APNPs treatment. The oral mucosa were harvested and prepared to haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Clinical observation and histopathological scores were used to assess mucosal changes. The results showed the obvious P展开更多
目的从微生物角度探究重度低龄儿童龋(severe early childhood caries,S⁃ECC)患儿一次完成龋病治疗前、治疗后3个月内菌斑微生物群落构成和多样性的变化及治疗对于远期无龋状态维持的作用。方法S⁃ECC患儿在全身麻醉下一次完成龋病治疗,...目的从微生物角度探究重度低龄儿童龋(severe early childhood caries,S⁃ECC)患儿一次完成龋病治疗前、治疗后3个月内菌斑微生物群落构成和多样性的变化及治疗对于远期无龋状态维持的作用。方法S⁃ECC患儿在全身麻醉下一次完成龋病治疗,采集治疗前(C)、术后7 d(C⁃7D)、1个月(C⁃1M)、3个月(C⁃3M)无龋牙面集合菌斑,并纳入无龋儿童(CF)为对照组,分析治疗前后菌斑微生物群落短期内的动态改建过程。结果S⁃ECC组和CF组菌斑群落组成高度相似;组间α多样性指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);从相对丰度值分析,纤毛菌属、聚集杆菌属等在治疗后较术前下降(P<0.05),C⁃7D组血链球菌较C组上升并在3个月内逐渐下降;治疗前韦荣菌属、放线菌属、拟普雷沃菌属、二氧化碳嗜纤维菌属、变异链球菌在C组和CF组间存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中变异链球菌经治疗后的C⁃7D、C⁃1M组与CF组未存在显著差异,而C⁃3M组较CF组出现上升(P<0.01)。结论S⁃ECC患儿在接受治疗后菌群结构的迅速改变,并在治疗后1~3个月逐渐开始建立新的无龋状态下的平衡。核心微生物群的存在使得菌斑群落保持稳定,韦荣菌属、拟普雷沃菌属、变异链球菌等具备作为龋病菌斑微生物标记物潜能。展开更多
There is the need to understand the composition of oral biofilms so that appropriate preventive and treatment regimens, including using appropriate antimicrobials, can be developed further. Additionally, when the syst...There is the need to understand the composition of oral biofilms so that appropriate preventive and treatment regimens, including using appropriate antimicrobials, can be developed further. Additionally, when the systemic effects from specific microorganisms in oral biofilms are better understood, more targeted preventive treatment options may be recommended for persons at high risk for potential systemic diseases such as cardiovascular dis- ease, and for aspiration pneumonia. Hence, the possible association between periodontopathic microorganisms, and also between cariogenic microorganisms in high caries risk persons, and systemic diseases requires further re- search involving metagenomic and large well-designed clinical studies. Effective preventive oral care is important for reducing potential systemic diseases.展开更多
Oral diseases related to dental biofilms continue to afflict the majority of the world＇s population. Among them, dental caries continues to be the single most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease （Marsh, 200...Oral diseases related to dental biofilms continue to afflict the majority of the world＇s population. Among them, dental caries continues to be the single most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease （Marsh, 2003; Dye et al., 2007）. Dental caries results from the interaction of specific bacteria with constituents of the diet within a dental biofilm known as plaque （Bowen, 2002）. Sucrose is considered to be the ＂arch criminal＂ from the dietary aspect because it serves as a substrate for synthesis of extracellular （EPS） and intracellular （IPS） polysaccharides in dental biofilm and is also fermentable （Bowen, 2002）.展开更多
Aim The purpose of this study was to develop a mathe-matical model to quantitatively describe the passive trans-port of macromolecules within dental biofilms. Methodology Fluorescently labeled dextrans with different ...Aim The purpose of this study was to develop a mathe-matical model to quantitatively describe the passive trans-port of macromolecules within dental biofilms. Methodology Fluorescently labeled dextrans with different molecular mass （3 kD,10 kD,40 kD,70 kD,2 000 kD） were used as a series of diffusion probes. Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus sanguinis,Actinomyces naeslundii and Fusobacterium nucleatum were used as inocula for biofilm formation. The diffusion processes of different probes through the in vitro biofilm were recorded with a confocal laser microscope. Results Mathematical function of biofilm penetration was constructed on the basis of the inverse problem method. Based on this function,not only the relationship between average concentration of steady-state and molecule weights can be analyzed,but also that between penetrative time and molecule weights. Conclusion This can be used to predict the effective concentration and the penetrative time of anti-biofilm medicines that can diffuse through oral biofilm. Further-more,an improved model for large molecule is proposed by considering the exchange time at the upper boundary of the dental biofilm.展开更多
基金supported by scholarship from Futoku Foundation and Hokkaido Gas Co.Ltd
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of the roselle calyx extract(RCE)(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on the in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria. Methods:RCE was prepared by soaking roselle calyx powder with ethyl alcohol for 24 h at room temperature. After centrifugation, the extract was lyophilized. Then, the extract was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline, the p H was adjusted, and the extract was aseptically filtered. We used Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in this study. The antibacterial activity of the RCE was determined by treating the cells of these bacteria with the extract for 10 or 20 min at room temperature. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined using the micro dilution method, and the effect of the RCE on the ability to form biofilm was determined using a polystyrene micro plate assay. In addition, we used the WST-1 assay to determine the cytotoxicity of the RCE on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells. Results: The RCE had antibacterial activity against oral bacteria used in this study. In particular, most significant antibacterial activity was observed against Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration were 7.2 mg/m L–28.8 mg/m L and 14.4 to >57.6 mg/m L. The RCE had an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation at the MIC and sub-MIC levels. In addition, the RCE had low cytotoxic effects on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells. Conclusions: Thus, our results indicate that the RCE may be used for preventing oral diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND: The route of most systemic diseases begins in the oral cavity. Oral health knowledge of mouthwashes and their uses is indispensable for the general population and especially adolescents. The use of mouthwash by adolescents can be a beneficial adjunct to their oral hygiene routine, providing additional protection against dental diseases and promoting fresher breath. Overuse or misuse of mouthwash, particularly those containing alcohol or other potentially irritating ingredients, may lead to adverse effects such as oral mucosal irritation, dry mouth, or alteration of the oral microbiome. OBJECTIVES: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and use of mouthwash among senior high school students in Kumasi. METHODOLOGY: 120 students responded to a standard questionnaire by a convenient sample technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 and MS Excel were used for data management and analysis. The results of the study were presented using tables, bar charts, and pie chart. RESULTS: The ages of the respondents ranged from 14 to 20 years. Out of the 120 participants, 71 students that represent 59.2% of the total, used mouthwash. Majority of the participants (63%) utilized a mouthwash after brushing their teeth. 49% of the participants reported using mouthwash to address halitosis, 37% used it to combat periodontal disease, and 10% used it for relief from a sore throat. CONCLUSION: In general, most of the participants who use mouthwash had excellent knowledge and a positive attitude toward the use of mouthwash.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10875048)
文摘Recently, plasma sterilization has attracted increasing attention in dental community ibr the atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma jet （APNPs）, which is driven by a kilohertz pulsed DC power, may be applied to the dental and oral diseases. However, it is still in doubt whether APNPs can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity and produce no harmful effects on normal oral tissues, especially on normal mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial-killing effect of APNPs in the biofilms containing a single breed of bacteria （Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pg.）, and the pathological changes of the oral mucosa after treatment by APNPs. P.g. was incubated to form the biofilms in vitro, and the samples were divided into three groups randomly： group A （blank control）; group B in which the biofilms were treated by APNPs （the setting of the equipment： 10 kHz, 1600 ns and 8 kV）; group C in which the biofilms were exposed only to a gas jet without ignition of the plasma. Each group had three samples and each sample was processed for up to 5 min. The biofilms were then fluorescently stained, observed and photographed under a laser scanning confocal microscope. In the animal experiment, six male Japanese white rabbits were divided into two groups randomly （n=3 in each group） in terms of the different post-treatment time （1-day group and 5-day group）. The buccal mucosa of the left side and the mucosa of the ventral surface of the tongue were treated by APNPs for 10 min in the same way as the bacterial biofilm experiment in each rabbit, and the corresponding mucosa of the other sides served as normal control. The clinical manifestations of the oral mucosa were observed and recorded every day. The rabbits were sacrificed one or five day（s） after APNPs treatment. The oral mucosa were harvested and prepared to haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Clinical observation and histopathological scores were used to assess mucosal changes. The results showed the obvious P
文摘目的从微生物角度探究重度低龄儿童龋(severe early childhood caries,S⁃ECC)患儿一次完成龋病治疗前、治疗后3个月内菌斑微生物群落构成和多样性的变化及治疗对于远期无龋状态维持的作用。方法S⁃ECC患儿在全身麻醉下一次完成龋病治疗,采集治疗前(C)、术后7 d(C⁃7D)、1个月(C⁃1M)、3个月(C⁃3M)无龋牙面集合菌斑,并纳入无龋儿童(CF)为对照组,分析治疗前后菌斑微生物群落短期内的动态改建过程。结果S⁃ECC组和CF组菌斑群落组成高度相似;组间α多样性指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);从相对丰度值分析,纤毛菌属、聚集杆菌属等在治疗后较术前下降(P<0.05),C⁃7D组血链球菌较C组上升并在3个月内逐渐下降;治疗前韦荣菌属、放线菌属、拟普雷沃菌属、二氧化碳嗜纤维菌属、变异链球菌在C组和CF组间存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中变异链球菌经治疗后的C⁃7D、C⁃1M组与CF组未存在显著差异,而C⁃3M组较CF组出现上升(P<0.01)。结论S⁃ECC患儿在接受治疗后菌群结构的迅速改变,并在治疗后1~3个月逐渐开始建立新的无龋状态下的平衡。核心微生物群的存在使得菌斑群落保持稳定,韦荣菌属、拟普雷沃菌属、变异链球菌等具备作为龋病菌斑微生物标记物潜能。
基金supported by a grant from Johnson and Johnson Asia Pacific,USA (No:A/C 20005426.21900.08009)
文摘There is the need to understand the composition of oral biofilms so that appropriate preventive and treatment regimens, including using appropriate antimicrobials, can be developed further. Additionally, when the systemic effects from specific microorganisms in oral biofilms are better understood, more targeted preventive treatment options may be recommended for persons at high risk for potential systemic diseases such as cardiovascular dis- ease, and for aspiration pneumonia. Hence, the possible association between periodontopathic microorganisms, and also between cariogenic microorganisms in high caries risk persons, and systemic diseases requires further re- search involving metagenomic and large well-designed clinical studies. Effective preventive oral care is important for reducing potential systemic diseases.
文摘Oral diseases related to dental biofilms continue to afflict the majority of the world＇s population. Among them, dental caries continues to be the single most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease （Marsh, 2003; Dye et al., 2007）. Dental caries results from the interaction of specific bacteria with constituents of the diet within a dental biofilm known as plaque （Bowen, 2002）. Sucrose is considered to be the ＂arch criminal＂ from the dietary aspect because it serves as a substrate for synthesis of extracellular （EPS） and intracellular （IPS） polysaccharides in dental biofilm and is also fermentable （Bowen, 2002）.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) No. 81070826/30872886/30400497Sponsored by Shanghai Rising-Star Program No. 09QA1403700+1 种基金funded by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Project Number: S30206)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (08DZ2271100)
文摘Aim The purpose of this study was to develop a mathe-matical model to quantitatively describe the passive trans-port of macromolecules within dental biofilms. Methodology Fluorescently labeled dextrans with different molecular mass （3 kD,10 kD,40 kD,70 kD,2 000 kD） were used as a series of diffusion probes. Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus sanguinis,Actinomyces naeslundii and Fusobacterium nucleatum were used as inocula for biofilm formation. The diffusion processes of different probes through the in vitro biofilm were recorded with a confocal laser microscope. Results Mathematical function of biofilm penetration was constructed on the basis of the inverse problem method. Based on this function,not only the relationship between average concentration of steady-state and molecule weights can be analyzed,but also that between penetrative time and molecule weights. Conclusion This can be used to predict the effective concentration and the penetrative time of anti-biofilm medicines that can diffuse through oral biofilm. Further-more,an improved model for large molecule is proposed by considering the exchange time at the upper boundary of the dental biofilm.
