Dysregulation of mi R-124 has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Chaihu-Shugan-San, a traditional Chinese medicine, has antidepressive activity; however, the underlying mechanisms remai...Dysregulation of mi R-124 has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Chaihu-Shugan-San, a traditional Chinese medicine, has antidepressive activity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, to generate a rodent model of depression, rats were subjected to a combination of solitary confinement and chronic unpredictable mild stress for 28 days. Rats were intragastrically administered Chaihu-Shugan-San（2.835 m L/kg/d） for 4 weeks, once a day. Real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, mi RNA microarray, western blot assay and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that ChaihuShugan-San downregulated mi R-124 expression and upregulated the m RNA and protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14（MAPK14） and glutamate receptor subunit 3（Gria3）. Chaihu-Shugan-San also promoted synapse formation in the hippocampus. The open field test, sucrose consumption test and forced swimming test were used to assess depression-like behavior. After intragastric administration of Chaihu-Shugan-San, sucrose consumption increased, while the depressive behaviors were substantially reduced. Together, these findings suggest that Chaihu-Shugan-San exerts an antidepressant-like effect by downregulating mi R-124 expression and by releasing the inhibition of the MAPK14 and Gria3 signaling pathways.展开更多
Increasing evidence suggests that white matter disorders based on myelin sheath impairment may underlie the neuropathological changes in schizophrenia.But it is unknown whether enhancing remyelination is a beneficial ...Increasing evidence suggests that white matter disorders based on myelin sheath impairment may underlie the neuropathological changes in schizophrenia.But it is unknown whether enhancing remyelination is a beneficial approach to schizophrenia.To investigate this hypothesis,we used clemastine,an FDA-approved drug with high potency in promoting oligodendroglial differentiation and myelination,on a cuprizone-induced mouse model of demyelination.The mice exposed to cuprizone（0.2%in chow） for 6 weeks displayed schizophrenia-like behavioral changes,including decreased exploration of the center in the open field test and increased entries into the arms of the Y-maze,as well as evident demyelination in the cortex and corpus callosum.Clemastine treatment was initiated upon cuprizone withdrawal at 10 mg/kg per day for3 weeks.As expected,myelin repair was greatly enhanced in the demyelinated regions with increased mature oligodendrocytes（APC-positive） and myelin basic protein.More importantly,the clemastine treatment rescued the schizophrenia-like behavioral changes in the open field test and the Y-maze compared to vehicle,suggesting a beneficial effect via promoting myelin repair.Our findings indicate that enhancing remyelination may be a potential therapy for schizophrenia.展开更多
目的:观察清肝凉血解毒方(QGLXJD)、凉血活血方(LXHX)对咪喹莫特诱导的银屑病样小鼠行为学及神经肽Y(NPY)表达的影响。方法:30只BALB/c雄性小鼠,剔除背部毛发,随机分为空白对照组(C)、模型组(M)、清肝凉血解毒方组(QG)、凉血活血方组(LX...目的:观察清肝凉血解毒方(QGLXJD)、凉血活血方(LXHX)对咪喹莫特诱导的银屑病样小鼠行为学及神经肽Y(NPY)表达的影响。方法:30只BALB/c雄性小鼠,剔除背部毛发,随机分为空白对照组(C)、模型组(M)、清肝凉血解毒方组(QG)、凉血活血方组(LX)和甲氨蝶呤组(MTX)。背部涂抹5%咪喹莫特乳膏(IMQ)诱导皮肤银屑病样模型。采用银屑病皮损面积和疾病严重程度(Psoriasis area and severity index,PASI)每日进行评分,分别运用旷场及高架十字迷宫评价各组小鼠行为学差异,HE染色后光镜下测量表皮厚度;免疫组化法检测皮损中T淋巴细胞表面标志CD3+及表皮中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达情况;采用实时PCR技术检测皮损中IL-23、IL-1β、IL-12 mRNA表达水平;Western blot法检测皮损中NPY蛋白表达情况。结果:与C组相比,M组表皮厚度、PCNA、CD3+T细胞、IL-1β、IL-12、IL-23 mRNA表达均增加(P<0.05);其余组与M组相比,表皮薄,PCNA、CD3+T细胞、IL-1β、IL-12、IL-23 mRNA表达水平均降低(P<0.05)。与C组比较,银屑病样小鼠焦虑水平高,以M组最为明显;QG组与M组比较,焦虑水平低,而LX组与QG组比较,焦虑水平高;NPY在M组中表达最多,在LX、QG、C组表达依次减少。结论:清肝凉血解毒方能改善银屑病样小鼠的焦虑行为,下调NPY的表达水平,从整体角度改善小鼠银屑病样皮损。展开更多
As a cool-season crop, pea(Pisum sativum L.) can tolerate frost at the vegetative stage but experiences yield loss when freezing stress occurs at the reproductive stage. Cold-tolerance improvement of pea varieties is ...As a cool-season crop, pea(Pisum sativum L.) can tolerate frost at the vegetative stage but experiences yield loss when freezing stress occurs at the reproductive stage. Cold-tolerance improvement of pea varieties is important for stable yield and expansion of the winter pea planting area. Under natural low-temperature conditions during winter in Qingdao,Shandong, China, we evaluated the cold tolerance of 3672 pea germplasm accessions in the field and categorized them as displaying high resistance(214), moderate resistance(835), or susceptibility(2623). The highly and moderately resistant genotypes were validated in the following year. We found that genotypes from the winter production region showed higher cold tolerance than genotypes from the spring production region. The accessions identified as having high levels of cold tolerance are recommended as potential genetic resources in cold-tolerance breeding of pea.展开更多
As the biggest agricultural country, China has an abundant rice straw energy resource. The characteristics of typical china rice straws are presented as high moisture contents, high volatile contents, high ash content...As the biggest agricultural country, China has an abundant rice straw energy resource. The characteristics of typical china rice straws are presented as high moisture contents, high volatile contents, high ash contents and low bulk density. At present, rice straw is mainly used as fuel, feedstuff, fertilizer and industrial raw material. With improved living conditions in rural areas, farmers tend to rely more on commercial fuel, which leads to even more open field burning of rice straw, and brings air pollutions and potential energy waste as well. The Chinese government is studying relevant policies on acceleration of comprehensive utilization of rice straw with the goal of utilization rate exceeding 80% in 2015. In this paper, focus is on the combustion of rice straw to extract energy, and related challenges face to china is put forward in this paper also.展开更多
Adult male tree shrews vigorously defend against intruding male conspecifics. However, the characteristics of social behavior have not been entirely explored in these males. In this study, male wild-type tree shrews(T...Adult male tree shrews vigorously defend against intruding male conspecifics. However, the characteristics of social behavior have not been entirely explored in these males. In this study, male wild-type tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)and C57 BL/6 J mice were first allowed to familiarize themselves with an open-field apparatus. The tree shrews exhibited a short duration of movement(moving) in the novel environment, whereas the mice exhibited a long duration of movement. In the 30 min social preference-avoidance test, target animals significantly decreased the time spent by the experimental tree shrews in the social interaction(SI)zone, whereas experimental male mice exhibited the opposite. In addition, experimental tree shrews displayed a significantly longer latency to enter the SI zone in the second 15 min session(targetpresent) than in the first 15 min session(targetabsent), which was different from that found in mice.Distinct behavioral patterns in response to a conspecific male were also observed in male tree shrews and mice in the first, second, and third 5 min periods. Thus, social behaviors in tree shrews and mice appeared to be time dependent. In summary,our study provides results of a modified social preference-avoidance test designed for the assessment of social behavior in tree shrews. Our findings demonstrate the existence of social avoidance behavior in male tree shrews and prosocial behavior in male mice toward unfamiliar conspecifics. The tree shrew may be a new animal model, which differs from mice, for the study of social avoidance and prosocial behaviors.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81503415,81574038,81603671the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant,No.2016M600709+1 种基金a grant from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China,No.2014A020221062a grant from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen City of China,No.JCYJ20150401170235349,JCYJ20160428105749954
文摘Dysregulation of mi R-124 has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Chaihu-Shugan-San, a traditional Chinese medicine, has antidepressive activity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, to generate a rodent model of depression, rats were subjected to a combination of solitary confinement and chronic unpredictable mild stress for 28 days. Rats were intragastrically administered Chaihu-Shugan-San（2.835 m L/kg/d） for 4 weeks, once a day. Real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, mi RNA microarray, western blot assay and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that ChaihuShugan-San downregulated mi R-124 expression and upregulated the m RNA and protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14（MAPK14） and glutamate receptor subunit 3（Gria3）. Chaihu-Shugan-San also promoted synapse formation in the hippocampus. The open field test, sucrose consumption test and forced swimming test were used to assess depression-like behavior. After intragastric administration of Chaihu-Shugan-San, sucrose consumption increased, while the depressive behaviors were substantially reduced. Together, these findings suggest that Chaihu-Shugan-San exerts an antidepressant-like effect by downregulating mi R-124 expression and by releasing the inhibition of the MAPK14 and Gria3 signaling pathways.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 81100897 and 81100926 )the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality, China (cstc2011jj A0856)
文摘Increasing evidence suggests that white matter disorders based on myelin sheath impairment may underlie the neuropathological changes in schizophrenia.But it is unknown whether enhancing remyelination is a beneficial approach to schizophrenia.To investigate this hypothesis,we used clemastine,an FDA-approved drug with high potency in promoting oligodendroglial differentiation and myelination,on a cuprizone-induced mouse model of demyelination.The mice exposed to cuprizone（0.2%in chow） for 6 weeks displayed schizophrenia-like behavioral changes,including decreased exploration of the center in the open field test and increased entries into the arms of the Y-maze,as well as evident demyelination in the cortex and corpus callosum.Clemastine treatment was initiated upon cuprizone withdrawal at 10 mg/kg per day for3 weeks.As expected,myelin repair was greatly enhanced in the demyelinated regions with increased mature oligodendrocytes（APC-positive） and myelin basic protein.More importantly,the clemastine treatment rescued the schizophrenia-like behavioral changes in the open field test and the Y-maze compared to vehicle,suggesting a beneficial effect via promoting myelin repair.Our findings indicate that enhancing remyelination may be a potential therapy for schizophrenia.
文摘目的:观察清肝凉血解毒方(QGLXJD)、凉血活血方(LXHX)对咪喹莫特诱导的银屑病样小鼠行为学及神经肽Y(NPY)表达的影响。方法:30只BALB/c雄性小鼠,剔除背部毛发,随机分为空白对照组(C)、模型组(M)、清肝凉血解毒方组(QG)、凉血活血方组(LX)和甲氨蝶呤组(MTX)。背部涂抹5%咪喹莫特乳膏(IMQ)诱导皮肤银屑病样模型。采用银屑病皮损面积和疾病严重程度(Psoriasis area and severity index,PASI)每日进行评分,分别运用旷场及高架十字迷宫评价各组小鼠行为学差异,HE染色后光镜下测量表皮厚度;免疫组化法检测皮损中T淋巴细胞表面标志CD3+及表皮中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达情况;采用实时PCR技术检测皮损中IL-23、IL-1β、IL-12 mRNA表达水平;Western blot法检测皮损中NPY蛋白表达情况。结果:与C组相比,M组表皮厚度、PCNA、CD3+T细胞、IL-1β、IL-12、IL-23 mRNA表达均增加(P<0.05);其余组与M组相比,表皮薄,PCNA、CD3+T细胞、IL-1β、IL-12、IL-23 mRNA表达水平均降低(P<0.05)。与C组比较,银屑病样小鼠焦虑水平高,以M组最为明显;QG组与M组比较,焦虑水平低,而LX组与QG组比较,焦虑水平高;NPY在M组中表达最多,在LX、QG、C组表达依次减少。结论:清肝凉血解毒方能改善银屑病样小鼠的焦虑行为,下调NPY的表达水平,从整体角度改善小鼠银屑病样皮损。
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-09)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31371695)+1 种基金the Qingdao Municipal Project for Science and Technology in Public Benefit(No.14-2-3-35-nsh)the Shandong Elite Variety Project(No.2016LZ01-01-02)
文摘As a cool-season crop, pea(Pisum sativum L.) can tolerate frost at the vegetative stage but experiences yield loss when freezing stress occurs at the reproductive stage. Cold-tolerance improvement of pea varieties is important for stable yield and expansion of the winter pea planting area. Under natural low-temperature conditions during winter in Qingdao,Shandong, China, we evaluated the cold tolerance of 3672 pea germplasm accessions in the field and categorized them as displaying high resistance(214), moderate resistance(835), or susceptibility(2623). The highly and moderately resistant genotypes were validated in the following year. We found that genotypes from the winter production region showed higher cold tolerance than genotypes from the spring production region. The accessions identified as having high levels of cold tolerance are recommended as potential genetic resources in cold-tolerance breeding of pea.
文摘As the biggest agricultural country, China has an abundant rice straw energy resource. The characteristics of typical china rice straws are presented as high moisture contents, high volatile contents, high ash contents and low bulk density. At present, rice straw is mainly used as fuel, feedstuff, fertilizer and industrial raw material. With improved living conditions in rural areas, farmers tend to rely more on commercial fuel, which leads to even more open field burning of rice straw, and brings air pollutions and potential energy waste as well. The Chinese government is studying relevant policies on acceleration of comprehensive utilization of rice straw with the goal of utilization rate exceeding 80% in 2015. In this paper, focus is on the combustion of rice straw to extract energy, and related challenges face to china is put forward in this paper also.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671344,31500859)Major International(Regional)Joint Research Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81920108018)+1 种基金1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,Special Foundation for Brain Research from the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong(2018B030334001)West China Hospital of Sichuan University(ZY2016103,ZY2016203)。
文摘Adult male tree shrews vigorously defend against intruding male conspecifics. However, the characteristics of social behavior have not been entirely explored in these males. In this study, male wild-type tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)and C57 BL/6 J mice were first allowed to familiarize themselves with an open-field apparatus. The tree shrews exhibited a short duration of movement(moving) in the novel environment, whereas the mice exhibited a long duration of movement. In the 30 min social preference-avoidance test, target animals significantly decreased the time spent by the experimental tree shrews in the social interaction(SI)zone, whereas experimental male mice exhibited the opposite. In addition, experimental tree shrews displayed a significantly longer latency to enter the SI zone in the second 15 min session(targetpresent) than in the first 15 min session(targetabsent), which was different from that found in mice.Distinct behavioral patterns in response to a conspecific male were also observed in male tree shrews and mice in the first, second, and third 5 min periods. Thus, social behaviors in tree shrews and mice appeared to be time dependent. In summary,our study provides results of a modified social preference-avoidance test designed for the assessment of social behavior in tree shrews. Our findings demonstrate the existence of social avoidance behavior in male tree shrews and prosocial behavior in male mice toward unfamiliar conspecifics. The tree shrew may be a new animal model, which differs from mice, for the study of social avoidance and prosocial behaviors.
