A broad range of organic compounds are known to exist in drinking water sources and serve as precursors of disinfection byproducts（DBPs）.Epidemiological findings of an association of increased risk of bladder cancer...A broad range of organic compounds are known to exist in drinking water sources and serve as precursors of disinfection byproducts（DBPs）.Epidemiological findings of an association of increased risk of bladder cancer with the consumption of chlorinated water has resulted in health concerns about DBPs.Peptides are thought to be an important category of DBP precursors in water.However,little is known about the actual presence of peptides and their DBPs in drinking water because of their high sample complexity and low concentrations.To address this challenge and identify peptides and non-chlorinated/chlorinated peptide DBPs from large sets of organic compounds in water,we developed a novel high throughput analysis strategy,which integrated multiple solid phase extraction（SPE）,high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）separation,and non-target identification using precursor ion exclusion（PIE）high resolution mass spectrometry（MS）.After MS analysis,structures of candidate compounds,particularly peptides,were obtained by searching against the Human Metabolome Database（HMDB）.Using this strategy,we successfully detected 625 peptides（out of 17,205 putative compounds）and 617 peptides（out of 13,297）respectively in source and finished water samples.The source and finished water samples had 501 peptides and amino acids in common.The remaining 116 peptides and amino acids were unique to the finished water.From a subset of 30 putative compounds for which standards were available,25 were confirmed using HPLC-MS analysis.By analyzing the peptides identified in source and finished water,we successfully confirmed three disinfection reaction pathways that convert peptides into toxic DBPs.展开更多
BACKGROUND The relationship between metabolic syndrome(MetS)and gastric cancer(GC),which is a common metabolic disease,has attracted much attention.However,the specific metabolic characteristics of MetS in elderly pat...BACKGROUND The relationship between metabolic syndrome(MetS)and gastric cancer(GC),which is a common metabolic disease,has attracted much attention.However,the specific metabolic characteristics of MetS in elderly patients with GC remain unclear.AIM To investigate the differentially abundant metabolites and metabolic pathways between preoperative frailty and MetS in elderly patients with GC based on nontargeted metabolomics techniques.METHODS In this study,125 patients with nonfrail nonmeal GC were selected as the control group,and 50 patients with GC in the frail group were selected as the frail group.Sixty-five patients with GC combined with MetS alone were included in the MetS group,and 50 patients with GC combined with MetS were included in the MetS group.Nontargeted metabolomics techniques were used to measure plasma metabolite levels by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Multivariate statistical analysis was performed by principal component analysis,orthogonal partial least squares,pattern recognition analysis,cluster analysis,and metabolic pathway annotation.RESULTS A total of 125 different metabolites,including amino acids,glycerophospholipids,sphingolipids,fatty acids,sugars,nucleosides and nucleotides,and acidic compounds,were identified via nontargeted metabolomics techniques.Compared with those in the control group,there were 41,32,and 52 different metabolites in the MetS group,the debilitated group,and the combined group,respectively.Lipid metabolites were significantly increased in the MetS group.In the weak group,amino acids and most glycerol phospholipid metabolites decreased significantly,and fatty acids and sphingosine increased significantly.The combined group was characterized by significantly increased levels of nucleotide metabolites and acidic compounds.The alanine,aspartic acid,and glutamate metabolic pathways were obviously enriched in the asthenic group,and the glycerol and phospholipid metabolic pathways were obviously enriched in the combined group.CONCLUSION展开更多
The combination of hydrogen/deuterium(H/D)formaldehyde-based isotopic methyl labeling with solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry(HPLC-HRMS)is a powerful a...The combination of hydrogen/deuterium(H/D)formaldehyde-based isotopic methyl labeling with solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry(HPLC-HRMS)is a powerful analytical solution for nontargeted analysis of trace-level amino-containing chemicals in water samples.Given the huge amount of chemical information generated in HPLC-HRMS analysis,identifying all possible H/Dlabeled amino chemicals presents a significant challenge in data processing.To address this,we designed a streamlined data processing pipeline that can automatically extract H/D-labeled amino chemicals from the raw HPLC-HRMS data with high accuracy and efficiency.First,we developed a cross-correlation algorithm to correct the retention time shift resulting from deuterium isotopic effects,which enables reliable pairing of H-and D-labeled peaks.Second,we implemented several bioinformatic solutions to remove false chemical features generated by in-source fragmentation,salt adduction,and natural13C isotopes.Third,we used a data mining strategy to construct the AMINES library that consists of over 38,000 structure-disjointed primary and secondary amines to facilitate putative compound annotation.Finally,we integrated these modules into a freely available R program,HDPairFinder.R.The rationale of each module was justified and its performance tested using experimental H/D-labeled chemical standards and authentic water samples.We further demonstrated the application of HDPairFinder to effectively extract N-containing contaminants,thus enabling the monitoring of changes of primary and secondary N-compounds in authentic water samples.HDPairFinder is a reliable bioinformatic tool for rapid processing of H/D isotopic methyl labeling-based nontargeted analysis of water samples,and will facilitate a better understanding of N-containing chemical compounds in water.展开更多
Currently,many countries and regions worldwide face the challenge of declining population growth due to persistently low rates of female reproduction.Since 2017,China's birth rate has hit historic lows and continu...Currently,many countries and regions worldwide face the challenge of declining population growth due to persistently low rates of female reproduction.Since 2017,China's birth rate has hit historic lows and continued to decline,with the death rate now equaling the birth rate.Concerns have emerged regarding the potential impact of environmental contaminants on reproductive health,including pregnancy loss.Endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs)like phthalate esters(PAEs),bisphenol A(BPA),triclosan(TCS),and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)have raised attention due to their adverse effects on biological systems.While China's 14th Five-Year Plan(2021–2025)for national economic and social development included the treatment of emerging pollutants,including EDCs,there are currently no national appraisal standards or regulatory frameworks for EDCs and their mixtures.Addressing the risk of EDC mixtures is an urgent matter that needs consideration from China's perspective in the near future.In this Perspective,we delve into the link between EDC mixture exposure and pregnancy loss in China.Our focus areas include establishing a comprehensive national plan targeting reproductive-aged women across diverse urban and rural areas,understanding common EDC combinations in women and their surrounding environment,exploring the relationship between EDCs and pregnancy loss via epidemiology,and reconsidering the safety of EDCs,particularly in mixtures and low-dose scenarios.We envision that this study could aid in creating preventive strategies and interventions to alleviate potential risks induced by EDC exposure during pregnancy in China.展开更多
Disinfection byproducts(DBPs)represent a ubiquitous source of chemical exposure in disinfected water.While over 700 DBPs have been identified,the drivers of toxicity remain poorly understood.Additionally,ever evolving...Disinfection byproducts(DBPs)represent a ubiquitous source of chemical exposure in disinfected water.While over 700 DBPs have been identified,the drivers of toxicity remain poorly understood.Additionally,ever evolving water treatment practices have led to a continually growing list of DBPs.Advancement of analytical technologies have enabled the identification of new classes of DBPs and the quantification of these chemically diverse sets of DBPs.Here we summarize advances in new workflows for DBP analysis,including sample preparation,chromatographic separation with mass spectrometry(MS)detection,and data processing.To aid in the selection of techniques for future studies,we discuss necessary considerations for each step in the strategy.This review focuses on how each step of a workflow can be optimized to capture diverse classes of DBPs within a single method.Additionally,we highlight new MS-based approaches that can be powerful for identifying novel DBPs of toxicological relevance.We discuss current challenges and provide perspectives on future research directions with respect to studying new DBPs of toxicological relevance.As analytical technologies continue to advance,new strategies will be increasingly used to analyze complex DBPs produced in different treatment processes with the aim to identify potential drivers of toxicity.展开更多
Among the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) which were isolated from genetically instable monkey kidney vero cells induced by N-methyI-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a fragment 9 was isolated. When the expression o...Among the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) which were isolated from genetically instable monkey kidney vero cells induced by N-methyI-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a fragment 9 was isolated. When the expression of fragment 9 was blocked through transcripting antisense RNA, MNNGinduced nontargeted mutation frequency enhanced significantly compared with control ( P 【 0.05). The result showed that the relevant gene of fragment 9 might participate in maintaining cellular genetic stability and be involved in inhibition of nontargeted mutagenesis.展开更多
Intact pZ189 DNA was replicated in monkey kidney vero cells which had been pretreated with Nmethyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) . The mutants were selected in E. coli MBM7070 and the mutation frequencies involv...Intact pZ189 DNA was replicated in monkey kidney vero cells which had been pretreated with Nmethyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) . The mutants were selected in E. coli MBM7070 and the mutation frequencies involving mutants with unchanged electrophoretic mobilrty of their plasmid DNA were scored. When compared to the spontaneous mutation frequency. the mutation frequencies were increased by 5.8 and 2.9-fold in cells pretreated with 0. 2 and 2μmol/L MNNG, respectively. The supF genes of these mutants were sequenced. and it was found that the types of base substitution and the sites of frameshifts differed from findings in studies of spontaneous and targeted mutagenesis. The results suggest that nontargeted mutagenesis occurs in mammalian cells and may have a sequence specificity.展开更多
目的研究高原性高血压(altitude-related hypertension,ARH)患者和健康个体之间血浆代谢产物的差异,并分析ARH的潜在发病机制。方法选取2020年7月在进驻海拔4200 m处的健康平原成年男性官兵中按简单随机抽样法选取20名ARH患者为ARH组,3...目的研究高原性高血压(altitude-related hypertension,ARH)患者和健康个体之间血浆代谢产物的差异,并分析ARH的潜在发病机制。方法选取2020年7月在进驻海拔4200 m处的健康平原成年男性官兵中按简单随机抽样法选取20名ARH患者为ARH组,30名血压正常者为对照(Control)组。在测量血压、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、血氧饱和度和心率后,采集研究对象空腹静脉血样本。基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/MS)技术,对研究对象血浆中的代谢产物进行筛选和鉴定。使用无监督主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和有监督的正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA)模型对代谢产物进行指纹图谱分析,以辅助生物标志物的筛选,并对OPLS-DA模型进行质量考查和验证,以确保模型的稳定性和可靠性。使用独立样本t检验和差异倍数(fold change,FC)分析,绘制火山图,筛选有差异的血浆代谢物。使用京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集通路分析对筛选出的差异性代谢物进行功能途径的富集分析和拓扑学分析。结果与Control组比较,ARH组的收缩压、舒张压和心率显著升高,动脉血氧饱和度显著降低(P<0.05)。PCA分析显示,正离子模式下,解释了81.96%的变异;负离子模式下,解释了79.25%的变异,表明2组之间存在显著的代谢差异。OPLS-DA模型分析显示,正离子模式下,PC1解释了77.36%的变异,PC2解释了12.25%的变异,R^(2)Y=0.96,Q^(2)Y=0.91;负离子模式下,PC1解释了84.15%的变异,PC2解释了17.24%的变异,R^(2)Y=0.99,Q^(2)Y=0.86。组间差异均超过75%,组内差异均小于20%。正离子模式下,R2拟合直线的Y轴截距为0.58,Q^(2)拟合直线的Y轴截距为-0.48;负离子模式下,R2拟合直线的Y轴截距为0.93,Q^(2)拟合直线的Y轴截距为-0.41。�展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada,Alberta Health,and Alberta Innovates-Energy and Environment Solutions
文摘A broad range of organic compounds are known to exist in drinking water sources and serve as precursors of disinfection byproducts（DBPs）.Epidemiological findings of an association of increased risk of bladder cancer with the consumption of chlorinated water has resulted in health concerns about DBPs.Peptides are thought to be an important category of DBP precursors in water.However,little is known about the actual presence of peptides and their DBPs in drinking water because of their high sample complexity and low concentrations.To address this challenge and identify peptides and non-chlorinated/chlorinated peptide DBPs from large sets of organic compounds in water,we developed a novel high throughput analysis strategy,which integrated multiple solid phase extraction（SPE）,high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）separation,and non-target identification using precursor ion exclusion（PIE）high resolution mass spectrometry（MS）.After MS analysis,structures of candidate compounds,particularly peptides,were obtained by searching against the Human Metabolome Database（HMDB）.Using this strategy,we successfully detected 625 peptides（out of 17,205 putative compounds）and 617 peptides（out of 13,297）respectively in source and finished water samples.The source and finished water samples had 501 peptides and amino acids in common.The remaining 116 peptides and amino acids were unique to the finished water.From a subset of 30 putative compounds for which standards were available,25 were confirmed using HPLC-MS analysis.By analyzing the peptides identified in source and finished water,we successfully confirmed three disinfection reaction pathways that convert peptides into toxic DBPs.
文摘BACKGROUND The relationship between metabolic syndrome(MetS)and gastric cancer(GC),which is a common metabolic disease,has attracted much attention.However,the specific metabolic characteristics of MetS in elderly patients with GC remain unclear.AIM To investigate the differentially abundant metabolites and metabolic pathways between preoperative frailty and MetS in elderly patients with GC based on nontargeted metabolomics techniques.METHODS In this study,125 patients with nonfrail nonmeal GC were selected as the control group,and 50 patients with GC in the frail group were selected as the frail group.Sixty-five patients with GC combined with MetS alone were included in the MetS group,and 50 patients with GC combined with MetS were included in the MetS group.Nontargeted metabolomics techniques were used to measure plasma metabolite levels by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Multivariate statistical analysis was performed by principal component analysis,orthogonal partial least squares,pattern recognition analysis,cluster analysis,and metabolic pathway annotation.RESULTS A total of 125 different metabolites,including amino acids,glycerophospholipids,sphingolipids,fatty acids,sugars,nucleosides and nucleotides,and acidic compounds,were identified via nontargeted metabolomics techniques.Compared with those in the control group,there were 41,32,and 52 different metabolites in the MetS group,the debilitated group,and the combined group,respectively.Lipid metabolites were significantly increased in the MetS group.In the weak group,amino acids and most glycerol phospholipid metabolites decreased significantly,and fatty acids and sphingosine increased significantly.The combined group was characterized by significantly increased levels of nucleotide metabolites and acidic compounds.The alanine,aspartic acid,and glutamate metabolic pathways were obviously enriched in the asthenic group,and the glycerol and phospholipid metabolic pathways were obviously enriched in the combined group.CONCLUSION
基金supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada,Alberta Innovatesthe Canada Research Chairs Program。
文摘The combination of hydrogen/deuterium(H/D)formaldehyde-based isotopic methyl labeling with solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry(HPLC-HRMS)is a powerful analytical solution for nontargeted analysis of trace-level amino-containing chemicals in water samples.Given the huge amount of chemical information generated in HPLC-HRMS analysis,identifying all possible H/Dlabeled amino chemicals presents a significant challenge in data processing.To address this,we designed a streamlined data processing pipeline that can automatically extract H/D-labeled amino chemicals from the raw HPLC-HRMS data with high accuracy and efficiency.First,we developed a cross-correlation algorithm to correct the retention time shift resulting from deuterium isotopic effects,which enables reliable pairing of H-and D-labeled peaks.Second,we implemented several bioinformatic solutions to remove false chemical features generated by in-source fragmentation,salt adduction,and natural13C isotopes.Third,we used a data mining strategy to construct the AMINES library that consists of over 38,000 structure-disjointed primary and secondary amines to facilitate putative compound annotation.Finally,we integrated these modules into a freely available R program,HDPairFinder.R.The rationale of each module was justified and its performance tested using experimental H/D-labeled chemical standards and authentic water samples.We further demonstrated the application of HDPairFinder to effectively extract N-containing contaminants,thus enabling the monitoring of changes of primary and secondary N-compounds in authentic water samples.HDPairFinder is a reliable bioinformatic tool for rapid processing of H/D isotopic methyl labeling-based nontargeted analysis of water samples,and will facilitate a better understanding of N-containing chemical compounds in water.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3706600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22225605)the K.C.Wong Education Foundation of China(GJTD-2020-03).
文摘Currently,many countries and regions worldwide face the challenge of declining population growth due to persistently low rates of female reproduction.Since 2017,China's birth rate has hit historic lows and continued to decline,with the death rate now equaling the birth rate.Concerns have emerged regarding the potential impact of environmental contaminants on reproductive health,including pregnancy loss.Endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs)like phthalate esters(PAEs),bisphenol A(BPA),triclosan(TCS),and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)have raised attention due to their adverse effects on biological systems.While China's 14th Five-Year Plan(2021–2025)for national economic and social development included the treatment of emerging pollutants,including EDCs,there are currently no national appraisal standards or regulatory frameworks for EDCs and their mixtures.Addressing the risk of EDC mixtures is an urgent matter that needs consideration from China's perspective in the near future.In this Perspective,we delve into the link between EDC mixture exposure and pregnancy loss in China.Our focus areas include establishing a comprehensive national plan targeting reproductive-aged women across diverse urban and rural areas,understanding common EDC combinations in women and their surrounding environment,exploring the relationship between EDCs and pregnancy loss via epidemiology,and reconsidering the safety of EDCs,particularly in mixtures and low-dose scenarios.We envision that this study could aid in creating preventive strategies and interventions to alleviate potential risks induced by EDC exposure during pregnancy in China.
文摘Disinfection byproducts(DBPs)represent a ubiquitous source of chemical exposure in disinfected water.While over 700 DBPs have been identified,the drivers of toxicity remain poorly understood.Additionally,ever evolving water treatment practices have led to a continually growing list of DBPs.Advancement of analytical technologies have enabled the identification of new classes of DBPs and the quantification of these chemically diverse sets of DBPs.Here we summarize advances in new workflows for DBP analysis,including sample preparation,chromatographic separation with mass spectrometry(MS)detection,and data processing.To aid in the selection of techniques for future studies,we discuss necessary considerations for each step in the strategy.This review focuses on how each step of a workflow can be optimized to capture diverse classes of DBPs within a single method.Additionally,we highlight new MS-based approaches that can be powerful for identifying novel DBPs of toxicological relevance.We discuss current challenges and provide perspectives on future research directions with respect to studying new DBPs of toxicological relevance.As analytical technologies continue to advance,new strategies will be increasingly used to analyze complex DBPs produced in different treatment processes with the aim to identify potential drivers of toxicity.
文摘Among the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) which were isolated from genetically instable monkey kidney vero cells induced by N-methyI-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a fragment 9 was isolated. When the expression of fragment 9 was blocked through transcripting antisense RNA, MNNGinduced nontargeted mutation frequency enhanced significantly compared with control ( P 【 0.05). The result showed that the relevant gene of fragment 9 might participate in maintaining cellular genetic stability and be involved in inhibition of nontargeted mutagenesis.
文摘Intact pZ189 DNA was replicated in monkey kidney vero cells which had been pretreated with Nmethyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) . The mutants were selected in E. coli MBM7070 and the mutation frequencies involving mutants with unchanged electrophoretic mobilrty of their plasmid DNA were scored. When compared to the spontaneous mutation frequency. the mutation frequencies were increased by 5.8 and 2.9-fold in cells pretreated with 0. 2 and 2μmol/L MNNG, respectively. The supF genes of these mutants were sequenced. and it was found that the types of base substitution and the sites of frameshifts differed from findings in studies of spontaneous and targeted mutagenesis. The results suggest that nontargeted mutagenesis occurs in mammalian cells and may have a sequence specificity.
文摘目的研究高原性高血压(altitude-related hypertension,ARH)患者和健康个体之间血浆代谢产物的差异,并分析ARH的潜在发病机制。方法选取2020年7月在进驻海拔4200 m处的健康平原成年男性官兵中按简单随机抽样法选取20名ARH患者为ARH组,30名血压正常者为对照(Control)组。在测量血压、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、血氧饱和度和心率后,采集研究对象空腹静脉血样本。基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/MS)技术,对研究对象血浆中的代谢产物进行筛选和鉴定。使用无监督主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和有监督的正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA)模型对代谢产物进行指纹图谱分析,以辅助生物标志物的筛选,并对OPLS-DA模型进行质量考查和验证,以确保模型的稳定性和可靠性。使用独立样本t检验和差异倍数(fold change,FC)分析,绘制火山图,筛选有差异的血浆代谢物。使用京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集通路分析对筛选出的差异性代谢物进行功能途径的富集分析和拓扑学分析。结果与Control组比较,ARH组的收缩压、舒张压和心率显著升高,动脉血氧饱和度显著降低(P<0.05)。PCA分析显示,正离子模式下,解释了81.96%的变异;负离子模式下,解释了79.25%的变异,表明2组之间存在显著的代谢差异。OPLS-DA模型分析显示,正离子模式下,PC1解释了77.36%的变异,PC2解释了12.25%的变异,R^(2)Y=0.96,Q^(2)Y=0.91;负离子模式下,PC1解释了84.15%的变异,PC2解释了17.24%的变异,R^(2)Y=0.99,Q^(2)Y=0.86。组间差异均超过75%,组内差异均小于20%。正离子模式下,R2拟合直线的Y轴截距为0.58,Q^(2)拟合直线的Y轴截距为-0.48;负离子模式下,R2拟合直线的Y轴截距为0.93,Q^(2)拟合直线的Y轴截距为-0.41。�
