This study investigated the effects of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） on chronic neuropathic pain in rats. The behavior of rats with experimental chronic neuropathic pai...This study investigated the effects of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） on chronic neuropathic pain in rats. The behavior of rats with experimental chronic neuropathic pain was observed, and the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS） in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglions （DRGs） and the activation and proliferation of astrocytes in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn were detected. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups： sham-operated group, sham-rTMS group, 1 Hz group and 20 Hz group （8 rats in each group）. Chronic constriction nerve injury induced by sciatic nerve ligation was made to establish the models of the chronic neuropathic pain in rats except those in the sham-operated group. Then we applied different frequencies of rTMS to the primary motor cortex （M1） contralateral to the pain side once daily for 10 consecutive days. Pain behavior scores were observed before and after treatment. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of nNOS in ipsilateral L4-6 DRGs. Double immunofluorescent labeling for glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and 5-bromo-2- deoxyuridine （BrdU） was employed to observe the activation and proliferation of astrocytes in the ipsilateral L4-6 spinal dorsal horn. After rTMS treatment, the spontaneous pain behavior scores were significantly lower in the 20 Hz group than those in the sham-rTMS group （P〈0.05）. Moreover, the brush-evoked pain behavior scores were significantly lower in the 20 Hz group than those in the sham-rTMS and 1 Hz group （P〈0.05）, suggesting that the spontaneous pain and brush-evoked pain in the 20 Hz group were significantly alleviated. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of nNOS in ipsilateral L4-6 DRGs was significantly decreased in the 20 Hz group as compared with the sham-rTMS group and the 1 Hz group （P〈0.01） after rTMS treatment. Double immunofluorescence suggested that the expression of GFAP a展开更多
BACKGROUND： Accumulated evidence indicates an important role for hippocampal dendrite atrophy in development of depression, while brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） participates in hippocampal dendrite growth...BACKGROUND： Accumulated evidence indicates an important role for hippocampal dendrite atrophy in development of depression, while brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） participates in hippocampal dendrite growth. OBJECTIVE： To discuss the role of BDNF and neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS） in chronic and unpredictable stress-induced depression and the pathogenesis of depression. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled animal experiment. The experiment was carded out from October 2006 to May 2007 at the Department of Animal Physiology, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University. MATERIALS： Thirty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g at the beginning of the experiment were obtained from Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine （Xi＇an, China）. BDNF antibody and nNOS antibody were provided by Santa Cruz （USA）. K252a （BDNF inhibitor） and 7-NI （nNOS inhibitor） were provided by Sigma （USA）. METHODS： Animals were randomly divided into five groups： Control group, chronic unpredicted mild stress （CUMS） group, K252a group, K252a＋7-NI group and 7-NI＋CUMS group. While the Control, K252a and K252a＋7-NI groups of rats not subjected to stress had free access to food and water, other groups of rats were subjected to nine stressors randomly applied for 21 days, with each stressor applied 2-3 times. On days 1, 7, 14 and 21 during CUMS, rats received microinjection of 1 μL of physiological saline in the Control and CUMS groups, 1 ~ L of K252a in the K252a group, 1 μL of K252a and 7-NI in the K252a＋7-NI group, and 1 μL of 7-NI in the 7-NI＋CUMS group. We observed a variety of alterations in sucrose preference, body weight change, open field test and forced swimming test, and observed the expression of BDNF and nNOS in rat hippocampus by immunohistochemistry; MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① A variety.of behavioral alterations of rats; ② The expression of BDNF and nNOS in rat hippocampus. RESULTS： Compared with the Control展开更多
目的:研究按摩对大鼠骨骼肌急性损伤修复过程中肌卫星细胞激活关键因子神经型一氧化氮合成酶(n NOS)、肝细胞生长因子(HGF)m RNA表达的影响,探讨按摩对于骨骼肌急性损伤修复的作用。方法:将44只SPF级成年雄性SD大鼠按随机抽样法分为3组...目的:研究按摩对大鼠骨骼肌急性损伤修复过程中肌卫星细胞激活关键因子神经型一氧化氮合成酶(n NOS)、肝细胞生长因子(HGF)m RNA表达的影响,探讨按摩对于骨骼肌急性损伤修复的作用。方法:将44只SPF级成年雄性SD大鼠按随机抽样法分为3组,正常对照组(A组,n=4),自然恢复组(C组,n=24),按摩组(M组,n=16)。A组不做任何处理,C、M组用改良打击器制备大鼠腓肠肌急性损伤模型。C组不给予按摩,M组于造模后第3天介入按摩治疗。C、M组于造模后第7天、第14天、第21天及第28天取实验动物腓肠肌样本,HE染色观察组织病理改变,实时荧光PCR检测肌卫星细胞中n NOS、HGF m RNA表达量。结果:按摩干预治疗后,M、C组与A组比较,各时间点n NOS、HGF m RNA表达量均高于A组,且具有显著差异(P<0.01);M组与C组比较,在7天、第14天、第21天及第28天n NOS、HGF m RNA表达量M组均高于C组(P<0.01)。M组与C组比较,损伤区域成肌细胞更多,肌丝稠密,肌卫星细胞增殖明显,血供更丰富,坏死组织恢复更快。结论:按摩可有效提高肌卫星细胞中n NOS、HGF m RNA表达水平,激活更多的肌卫星细胞,促进受损骨骼肌的修复再生。展开更多
文摘This study investigated the effects of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） on chronic neuropathic pain in rats. The behavior of rats with experimental chronic neuropathic pain was observed, and the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS） in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglions （DRGs） and the activation and proliferation of astrocytes in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn were detected. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups： sham-operated group, sham-rTMS group, 1 Hz group and 20 Hz group （8 rats in each group）. Chronic constriction nerve injury induced by sciatic nerve ligation was made to establish the models of the chronic neuropathic pain in rats except those in the sham-operated group. Then we applied different frequencies of rTMS to the primary motor cortex （M1） contralateral to the pain side once daily for 10 consecutive days. Pain behavior scores were observed before and after treatment. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of nNOS in ipsilateral L4-6 DRGs. Double immunofluorescent labeling for glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and 5-bromo-2- deoxyuridine （BrdU） was employed to observe the activation and proliferation of astrocytes in the ipsilateral L4-6 spinal dorsal horn. After rTMS treatment, the spontaneous pain behavior scores were significantly lower in the 20 Hz group than those in the sham-rTMS group （P〈0.05）. Moreover, the brush-evoked pain behavior scores were significantly lower in the 20 Hz group than those in the sham-rTMS and 1 Hz group （P〈0.05）, suggesting that the spontaneous pain and brush-evoked pain in the 20 Hz group were significantly alleviated. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of nNOS in ipsilateral L4-6 DRGs was significantly decreased in the 20 Hz group as compared with the sham-rTMS group and the 1 Hz group （P〈0.01） after rTMS treatment. Double immunofluorescence suggested that the expression of GFAP a
基金the grant from Natural Foundation of Shaanxi Province, No.2006C240
文摘BACKGROUND： Accumulated evidence indicates an important role for hippocampal dendrite atrophy in development of depression, while brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） participates in hippocampal dendrite growth. OBJECTIVE： To discuss the role of BDNF and neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS） in chronic and unpredictable stress-induced depression and the pathogenesis of depression. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled animal experiment. The experiment was carded out from October 2006 to May 2007 at the Department of Animal Physiology, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University. MATERIALS： Thirty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g at the beginning of the experiment were obtained from Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine （Xi＇an, China）. BDNF antibody and nNOS antibody were provided by Santa Cruz （USA）. K252a （BDNF inhibitor） and 7-NI （nNOS inhibitor） were provided by Sigma （USA）. METHODS： Animals were randomly divided into five groups： Control group, chronic unpredicted mild stress （CUMS） group, K252a group, K252a＋7-NI group and 7-NI＋CUMS group. While the Control, K252a and K252a＋7-NI groups of rats not subjected to stress had free access to food and water, other groups of rats were subjected to nine stressors randomly applied for 21 days, with each stressor applied 2-3 times. On days 1, 7, 14 and 21 during CUMS, rats received microinjection of 1 μL of physiological saline in the Control and CUMS groups, 1 ~ L of K252a in the K252a group, 1 μL of K252a and 7-NI in the K252a＋7-NI group, and 1 μL of 7-NI in the 7-NI＋CUMS group. We observed a variety of alterations in sucrose preference, body weight change, open field test and forced swimming test, and observed the expression of BDNF and nNOS in rat hippocampus by immunohistochemistry; MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① A variety.of behavioral alterations of rats; ② The expression of BDNF and nNOS in rat hippocampus. RESULTS： Compared with the Control
文摘目的:研究按摩对大鼠骨骼肌急性损伤修复过程中肌卫星细胞激活关键因子神经型一氧化氮合成酶(n NOS)、肝细胞生长因子(HGF)m RNA表达的影响,探讨按摩对于骨骼肌急性损伤修复的作用。方法:将44只SPF级成年雄性SD大鼠按随机抽样法分为3组,正常对照组(A组,n=4),自然恢复组(C组,n=24),按摩组(M组,n=16)。A组不做任何处理,C、M组用改良打击器制备大鼠腓肠肌急性损伤模型。C组不给予按摩,M组于造模后第3天介入按摩治疗。C、M组于造模后第7天、第14天、第21天及第28天取实验动物腓肠肌样本,HE染色观察组织病理改变,实时荧光PCR检测肌卫星细胞中n NOS、HGF m RNA表达量。结果:按摩干预治疗后,M、C组与A组比较,各时间点n NOS、HGF m RNA表达量均高于A组,且具有显著差异(P<0.01);M组与C组比较,在7天、第14天、第21天及第28天n NOS、HGF m RNA表达量M组均高于C组(P<0.01)。M组与C组比较,损伤区域成肌细胞更多,肌丝稠密,肌卫星细胞增殖明显,血供更丰富,坏死组织恢复更快。结论:按摩可有效提高肌卫星细胞中n NOS、HGF m RNA表达水平,激活更多的肌卫星细胞,促进受损骨骼肌的修复再生。
