目的探讨联合应用经颅多普勒超声(transcranial doppler,TCD)及定量脑电图(quantitative electroencephalogram,qEEG)对单侧大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)重度狭窄或闭塞者脑功能改变的早期诊断价值。方法对2012年5月-2014年...目的探讨联合应用经颅多普勒超声(transcranial doppler,TCD)及定量脑电图(quantitative electroencephalogram,qEEG)对单侧大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)重度狭窄或闭塞者脑功能改变的早期诊断价值。方法对2012年5月-2014年9月在吉林大学第一医院神经内科经TCD诊断单侧MCA重度狭窄或闭塞者74例,包括症状组45例及无症状组29例,及年龄性别匹配的健康对照组25例,应用联合了EEG及TCD的神经监护仪、核磁共振灌注成像(perfusion weight imaging,PWI)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(national institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分,分别比较MCA重度狭窄或闭塞侧与健侧脑区的qEEG相对波段功率(relative band power,RBP)、软脑膜侧支的血流动力学参数、脑灌注及神经功能缺损程度。结果与无症状组比较,症状组qEEG的δ波、θ波RBP值高,而α波RBP值低(P<0.05)。症状组MCA分布区δ波RBP值狭窄侧较健侧高,α波、β波RBP值低(P<0.01)。TCD显示MCA重度狭窄或闭塞侧大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉血流动力学的参数无症状组高于症状组(P<0.05)。PWI显示CBF下降组δ波RBP值较CBF正常组高(P<0.05)。症状组全脑区δ波RBP值与NIHSS分值呈正相关(r=0.83,P=0.000)。结论 qEEG的RBP参数是评估MCA重度狭窄或闭塞者脑缺血神经功能缺损的预测指标。TCD联合qEEG的神经血流监护仪是评估MCA狭窄神经元功能、侧支循环及脑组织灌注的新工具。展开更多
Synapses are specialized structures that mediate information flow between neurons and target cells,and thus are the basis for neuronal system to execute various functions,including learning and memory.There are around...Synapses are specialized structures that mediate information flow between neurons and target cells,and thus are the basis for neuronal system to execute various functions,including learning and memory.There are around 1011 neurons in the human brain,with each neuron receiving thousands of synaptic inputs,either excitatory or inhibitory.A synapse is an asymmetric structure that is composed of pre-synaptic axon terminals,synaptic cleft,and postsynaptic compartments.Synapse formation involves a number of cell adhesion molecules,extracellular factors,and intracellular signaling or structural proteins.After the establishment of synaptic connections,synapses undergo structural or functional changes,known as synaptic plasticity which is believed to be regulated by neuronal activity and a variety of secreted factors.This review summarizes recent progress in the field of synapse development,with particular emphasis on the work carried out in China during the past 10 years(1999-2009).展开更多
Restraint water-immersion stress(RWIS), a compound stress model, has been widely used to induce acute gastric ulceration in rats. A wealth of evidence suggests that the central nucleus of the amygdala(CEA) is a focal ...Restraint water-immersion stress(RWIS), a compound stress model, has been widely used to induce acute gastric ulceration in rats. A wealth of evidence suggests that the central nucleus of the amygdala(CEA) is a focal region for mediating the biological response to stress. Different stressors induce distinct alterations of neuronal activity in the CEA; however, few studies have reported the characteristics of CEA neuronal activity induced by RWIS. Therefore, we explored this issue using immunohistochemistry and in vivo extracellular single-unit recording. Our results showed that RWIS and restraint stress(RS) differentially changed the c-Fos expression and firing properties of neurons in the medial CEA. In addition,RWIS, but not RS, induced the activation of corticotropinreleasing hormone neurons in the CEA. These findings suggested that specific neuronal activation in the CEA is involved in the formation of RWIS-induced gastric ulcers.This study also provides a possible theoretical explanation for the different gastric dysfunctions induced by different stressors.展开更多
Objective Working memory is a key cognitive function in which the prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role. This study aimed to show the firing patterns of a neuronal population in the prefrontal cortex of the rat in a ...Objective Working memory is a key cognitive function in which the prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role. This study aimed to show the firing patterns of a neuronal population in the prefrontal cortex of the rat in a working memory task and to explore how a neuronal ensemble encodes a working memory event. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in a Y-maze until they reached an 80% correct rate in a working memory task. Then a 16-channel microelectrode array was implanted in the prefrontal cortex. After recovery, neuronal population activity was recorded during the task, using the Cerebus data-acquisition system. Spatio-temporal trains of action potentials were obtained from the original neuronal population signals. Results During the Y-maze working memory task, some neurons showed significantly in- creased firing rates and evident neuronal ensemble activity. Moreover, the anticipatory activity was associated with the delayed alternate choice of the upcoming movement. In correct trials, the averaged pre-event firing rate （10.86 ± 1.82 spikes/ bin） was higher than the post-event rate （8.17 ± 1.15 spikes/bin） （P 〈0.05）. However, in incorrect trials, the rates did not differ. Conclusion The results indicate that the anticipatory activity of a neuronal ensemble in the prefrontal cortex may play a role in encoding working memory events.展开更多
The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions a...The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease.Beyond these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain.Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition.This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Acupuncture at acupoints Baihui(GV20)and Dazhui(GV14)has been shown to promote functional recovery after stroke.However,the contribution of the contralateral primary sensory cortex(S1)to recovery remains unclear.In th...Acupuncture at acupoints Baihui(GV20)and Dazhui(GV14)has been shown to promote functional recovery after stroke.However,the contribution of the contralateral primary sensory cortex(S1)to recovery remains unclear.In this study,unilateral local ischemic infarction of the primary motor cortex(M1)was induced by photothrombosis in a mouse model.Electroacupuncture(EA)was subsequently performed at acupoints GV20 and GV14 and neuronal activity and functional connectivity of contralateral S1 and M1 were detected using in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological recording techniques.Our results showed that blood perfusion and neuronal interaction between contralateral M1 and S1 is impaired after unilateral M1 infarction.Intrinsic neuronal excitability and activity were also disturbed,which was rescued by EA.Furthermore,the effectiveness of EA treatment was inhibited after virus-mediated neuronal ablation of the contralateral S1.We conclude that neuronal activity of the contralateral S1 is important for EA-mediated recovery after focal M1 infarction.Our study provides insight into how the S1-M1 circuit might be involved in the mechanism of EA treatment of unilateral cerebral infarction.The animal experiments were approved by the Committee for Care and Use of Research Animals of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(approval No.20200407009)April 7,2020.展开更多
Delirium is a severe acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that commonly occurs in the elderly and is considered an independent risk factor for later dementia.However,given its inherent complexity,few animal models of delir...Delirium is a severe acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that commonly occurs in the elderly and is considered an independent risk factor for later dementia.However,given its inherent complexity,few animal models of delirium have been established and the mechanism underlying the onset of delirium remains elusive.Here,we conducted a comparison of three mouse models of delirium induced by clinically relevant risk factors,including anesthesia with surgery(AS),systemic inflammation,and neurotransmission modulation.We found that both bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and cholinergic receptor antagonist scopolamine(Scop)induction reduced neuronal activities in the delirium-related brain network,with the latter presenting a similar pattern of reduction as found in delirium patients.Consistently,Scop injection resulted in reversible cognitive impairment with hyperactive behavior.No loss of cholinergic neurons was found with treatment,but hippocampal synaptic functions were affected.These findings provide further clues regarding the mechanism underlying delirium onset and demonstrate the successful application of the Scop injection model in mimicking delirium-like phenotypes in mice.展开更多
文摘目的探讨联合应用经颅多普勒超声(transcranial doppler,TCD)及定量脑电图(quantitative electroencephalogram,qEEG)对单侧大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)重度狭窄或闭塞者脑功能改变的早期诊断价值。方法对2012年5月-2014年9月在吉林大学第一医院神经内科经TCD诊断单侧MCA重度狭窄或闭塞者74例,包括症状组45例及无症状组29例,及年龄性别匹配的健康对照组25例,应用联合了EEG及TCD的神经监护仪、核磁共振灌注成像(perfusion weight imaging,PWI)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(national institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分,分别比较MCA重度狭窄或闭塞侧与健侧脑区的qEEG相对波段功率(relative band power,RBP)、软脑膜侧支的血流动力学参数、脑灌注及神经功能缺损程度。结果与无症状组比较,症状组qEEG的δ波、θ波RBP值高,而α波RBP值低(P<0.05)。症状组MCA分布区δ波RBP值狭窄侧较健侧高,α波、β波RBP值低(P<0.01)。TCD显示MCA重度狭窄或闭塞侧大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉血流动力学的参数无症状组高于症状组(P<0.05)。PWI显示CBF下降组δ波RBP值较CBF正常组高(P<0.05)。症状组全脑区δ波RBP值与NIHSS分值呈正相关(r=0.83,P=0.000)。结论 qEEG的RBP参数是评估MCA重度狭窄或闭塞者脑缺血神经功能缺损的预测指标。TCD联合qEEG的神经血流监护仪是评估MCA狭窄神经元功能、侧支循环及脑组织灌注的新工具。
文摘Synapses are specialized structures that mediate information flow between neurons and target cells,and thus are the basis for neuronal system to execute various functions,including learning and memory.There are around 1011 neurons in the human brain,with each neuron receiving thousands of synaptic inputs,either excitatory or inhibitory.A synapse is an asymmetric structure that is composed of pre-synaptic axon terminals,synaptic cleft,and postsynaptic compartments.Synapse formation involves a number of cell adhesion molecules,extracellular factors,and intracellular signaling or structural proteins.After the establishment of synaptic connections,synapses undergo structural or functional changes,known as synaptic plasticity which is believed to be regulated by neuronal activity and a variety of secreted factors.This review summarizes recent progress in the field of synapse development,with particular emphasis on the work carried out in China during the past 10 years(1999-2009).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571104 and 81501149)the Science and Technological Project of Shandong Province of China (2016GSF201058)
文摘Restraint water-immersion stress(RWIS), a compound stress model, has been widely used to induce acute gastric ulceration in rats. A wealth of evidence suggests that the central nucleus of the amygdala(CEA) is a focal region for mediating the biological response to stress. Different stressors induce distinct alterations of neuronal activity in the CEA; however, few studies have reported the characteristics of CEA neuronal activity induced by RWIS. Therefore, we explored this issue using immunohistochemistry and in vivo extracellular single-unit recording. Our results showed that RWIS and restraint stress(RS) differentially changed the c-Fos expression and firing properties of neurons in the medial CEA. In addition,RWIS, but not RS, induced the activation of corticotropinreleasing hormone neurons in the CEA. These findings suggested that specific neuronal activation in the CEA is involved in the formation of RWIS-induced gastric ulcers.This study also provides a possible theoretical explanation for the different gastric dysfunctions induced by different stressors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61074131,91132722)the Doctoral Fund of the Ministry of Education of China(20101202110007)
文摘Objective Working memory is a key cognitive function in which the prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role. This study aimed to show the firing patterns of a neuronal population in the prefrontal cortex of the rat in a working memory task and to explore how a neuronal ensemble encodes a working memory event. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in a Y-maze until they reached an 80% correct rate in a working memory task. Then a 16-channel microelectrode array was implanted in the prefrontal cortex. After recovery, neuronal population activity was recorded during the task, using the Cerebus data-acquisition system. Spatio-temporal trains of action potentials were obtained from the original neuronal population signals. Results During the Y-maze working memory task, some neurons showed significantly in- creased firing rates and evident neuronal ensemble activity. Moreover, the anticipatory activity was associated with the delayed alternate choice of the upcoming movement. In correct trials, the averaged pre-event firing rate （10.86 ± 1.82 spikes/ bin） was higher than the post-event rate （8.17 ± 1.15 spikes/bin） （P 〈0.05）. However, in incorrect trials, the rates did not differ. Conclusion The results indicate that the anticipatory activity of a neuronal ensemble in the prefrontal cortex may play a role in encoding working memory events.
文摘The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease.Beyond these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain.Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition.This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.
基金Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine and by grants from General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81774406,to NGX)Youth Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82004469,to LLY)+1 种基金Fellowship of China postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M672601,to LLY)Opening Operation Program of Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Guangdong(No.2017B030314143,to NGX).
文摘Acupuncture at acupoints Baihui(GV20)and Dazhui(GV14)has been shown to promote functional recovery after stroke.However,the contribution of the contralateral primary sensory cortex(S1)to recovery remains unclear.In this study,unilateral local ischemic infarction of the primary motor cortex(M1)was induced by photothrombosis in a mouse model.Electroacupuncture(EA)was subsequently performed at acupoints GV20 and GV14 and neuronal activity and functional connectivity of contralateral S1 and M1 were detected using in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological recording techniques.Our results showed that blood perfusion and neuronal interaction between contralateral M1 and S1 is impaired after unilateral M1 infarction.Intrinsic neuronal excitability and activity were also disturbed,which was rescued by EA.Furthermore,the effectiveness of EA treatment was inhibited after virus-mediated neuronal ablation of the contralateral S1.We conclude that neuronal activity of the contralateral S1 is important for EA-mediated recovery after focal M1 infarction.Our study provides insight into how the S1-M1 circuit might be involved in the mechanism of EA treatment of unilateral cerebral infarction.The animal experiments were approved by the Committee for Care and Use of Research Animals of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(approval No.20200407009)April 7,2020.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071191,82001129)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC1509)+1 种基金National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics of West China Hospital(Z2021LC001)West China Hospital 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence(ZYYC20009)。
文摘Delirium is a severe acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that commonly occurs in the elderly and is considered an independent risk factor for later dementia.However,given its inherent complexity,few animal models of delirium have been established and the mechanism underlying the onset of delirium remains elusive.Here,we conducted a comparison of three mouse models of delirium induced by clinically relevant risk factors,including anesthesia with surgery(AS),systemic inflammation,and neurotransmission modulation.We found that both bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and cholinergic receptor antagonist scopolamine(Scop)induction reduced neuronal activities in the delirium-related brain network,with the latter presenting a similar pattern of reduction as found in delirium patients.Consistently,Scop injection resulted in reversible cognitive impairment with hyperactive behavior.No loss of cholinergic neurons was found with treatment,but hippocampal synaptic functions were affected.These findings provide further clues regarding the mechanism underlying delirium onset and demonstrate the successful application of the Scop injection model in mimicking delirium-like phenotypes in mice.
