This study analyzes data on households' risk perception and protective behavior following a natural disaster triggered technological accident(Natech accident)that occurred at an industrial park in Sendai during th...This study analyzes data on households' risk perception and protective behavior following a natural disaster triggered technological accident(Natech accident)that occurred at an industrial park in Sendai during the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, on 11 March2011. The results indicate that some households carried out multiple evacuations and that households' risk perceptions changed throughout the Natech accident evacuation process. Risk perception differed according to household location and demographic characteristics. We also found differences in the protective measures adopted for households in different locations. Specifically, those living closer to the Natech accident tended to evacuate immediately,whereas those living further away tended to shelter in place. Wind direction is discussed as a factor that influences households' risk perception and evacuation response to a Natech accident. The findings of this study advance knowledge of household behavior in response to a Natech accident and can assist emergency managers in developing strategies for better management of evacuation processes.展开更多
世界上很多国家为阻止工厂日常运营期间化工(学)事故的发生,都颁布了相应的条例和规章。然而,事实证明,如果特定状况没有作为重要因素被考虑的话,那么现存规章中的规定是不够的。这类特定状况有很多种,其中最为常见的就是由自然灾害而...世界上很多国家为阻止工厂日常运营期间化工(学)事故的发生,都颁布了相应的条例和规章。然而,事实证明,如果特定状况没有作为重要因素被考虑的话,那么现存规章中的规定是不够的。这类特定状况有很多种,其中最为常见的就是由自然灾害而触发的化工(学)等技术灾害。这类技术灾害被称为Natechs,就是由英文中Natural and Technological Disasters(自然和技术灾害)所构造出的一个新词。自然灾害通常作用于较大范围内。展开更多
A growing number of natural hazard-triggered technological accidents(Natech)has been reported by several researchers,and this trend is expected to continue due to climate change.As a result,some governments have initi...A growing number of natural hazard-triggered technological accidents(Natech)has been reported by several researchers,and this trend is expected to continue due to climate change.As a result,some governments have initiated direct efforts to manage Natech risks,particularly in the United States and Europe.However,two surveys conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)in 2009 and 2017 found that there was a lack of proper risk management and risk governance for Natech among OECD member states,including Japan and South Korea.This study aimed to identify relevant regulations and practical considerations for chemical and Natech risk management from government perspectives in Japan and South Korea.The article provides a review of the current state of risk management,emergency response,and risk communication on chemical and Natech risk management in the two countries,and concludes with a discussion of some of the issues that require improvement of the current chemical risk management.Current practices for chemical risk management in Japan and South Korea point to the possibility of improvements in dealing with the Natech risks.These practical lessons will be valuable for improving the capacity for dealing with challenges in chemical and Natech risk management.展开更多
Effective risk communication is essential for disaster risk management.Apart from empowering communities to make informed risk choices,risk information disclosure can also drastically enhance their disaster preparedne...Effective risk communication is essential for disaster risk management.Apart from empowering communities to make informed risk choices,risk information disclosure can also drastically enhance their disaster preparedness,especially concerning conjoint scenarios of technological and natural hazards(Natech).A fundamental precondition is the actual demand for such information.This study ventures to assess whether residents around Osaka Bay have this demand,or"appetite,"for risk information disclosure,as well as to understand their communicative behavior and perceived challenges in the Japanese context through the prism of the Situational Theory of Problem Solving.To test this framework under realistic conditions,data were collected through a household questionnaire survey from two urban areas near industrial complexes in Osaka Bay.The results show that identifying Natech risk information deficiency as a problem was not a statistically significant predictor for individuals'motivation to communicate.However,their motivation increased as their perceived personal involvement with the situation rose,while the perceived obstacles in doing something about it exerted a negative influence on their motivation.Individuals'motivation intensified their communicative actions to solve this problem.Public segmentation underscored the elevated public perceptions concerning the issue of risk information deficiency in nearly nine out of ten respondents.These findings indicate a strong community appetite for chemical and Natech risk information,which subsequently led to high situational motivation to engage in communicative action,particularly information acquisition.Risk management policy is suggested to focus on introducing chemical risk information disclosure regulatory initiatives to encourage citizen engagement.展开更多
文摘This study analyzes data on households' risk perception and protective behavior following a natural disaster triggered technological accident(Natech accident)that occurred at an industrial park in Sendai during the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, on 11 March2011. The results indicate that some households carried out multiple evacuations and that households' risk perceptions changed throughout the Natech accident evacuation process. Risk perception differed according to household location and demographic characteristics. We also found differences in the protective measures adopted for households in different locations. Specifically, those living closer to the Natech accident tended to evacuate immediately,whereas those living further away tended to shelter in place. Wind direction is discussed as a factor that influences households' risk perception and evacuation response to a Natech accident. The findings of this study advance knowledge of household behavior in response to a Natech accident and can assist emergency managers in developing strategies for better management of evacuation processes.
文摘世界上很多国家为阻止工厂日常运营期间化工(学)事故的发生,都颁布了相应的条例和规章。然而,事实证明,如果特定状况没有作为重要因素被考虑的话,那么现存规章中的规定是不够的。这类特定状况有很多种,其中最为常见的就是由自然灾害而触发的化工(学)等技术灾害。这类技术灾害被称为Natechs,就是由英文中Natural and Technological Disasters(自然和技术灾害)所构造出的一个新词。自然灾害通常作用于较大范围内。
基金supported by a Disaster Prevention Research Institute(DPRI)grant of Kyoto University for collaborative research in 2018the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan(MEXT scholarship,2017-2020)。
文摘A growing number of natural hazard-triggered technological accidents(Natech)has been reported by several researchers,and this trend is expected to continue due to climate change.As a result,some governments have initiated direct efforts to manage Natech risks,particularly in the United States and Europe.However,two surveys conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)in 2009 and 2017 found that there was a lack of proper risk management and risk governance for Natech among OECD member states,including Japan and South Korea.This study aimed to identify relevant regulations and practical considerations for chemical and Natech risk management from government perspectives in Japan and South Korea.The article provides a review of the current state of risk management,emergency response,and risk communication on chemical and Natech risk management in the two countries,and concludes with a discussion of some of the issues that require improvement of the current chemical risk management.Current practices for chemical risk management in Japan and South Korea point to the possibility of improvements in dealing with the Natech risks.These practical lessons will be valuable for improving the capacity for dealing with challenges in chemical and Natech risk management.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan(Monbukagakusho:MEXT Scholarship,2017-2019)。
文摘Effective risk communication is essential for disaster risk management.Apart from empowering communities to make informed risk choices,risk information disclosure can also drastically enhance their disaster preparedness,especially concerning conjoint scenarios of technological and natural hazards(Natech).A fundamental precondition is the actual demand for such information.This study ventures to assess whether residents around Osaka Bay have this demand,or"appetite,"for risk information disclosure,as well as to understand their communicative behavior and perceived challenges in the Japanese context through the prism of the Situational Theory of Problem Solving.To test this framework under realistic conditions,data were collected through a household questionnaire survey from two urban areas near industrial complexes in Osaka Bay.The results show that identifying Natech risk information deficiency as a problem was not a statistically significant predictor for individuals'motivation to communicate.However,their motivation increased as their perceived personal involvement with the situation rose,while the perceived obstacles in doing something about it exerted a negative influence on their motivation.Individuals'motivation intensified their communicative actions to solve this problem.Public segmentation underscored the elevated public perceptions concerning the issue of risk information deficiency in nearly nine out of ten respondents.These findings indicate a strong community appetite for chemical and Natech risk information,which subsequently led to high situational motivation to engage in communicative action,particularly information acquisition.Risk management policy is suggested to focus on introducing chemical risk information disclosure regulatory initiatives to encourage citizen engagement.
