Mosquito-borne diseases,particularly dengue and chikungunya have become global threats,infecting millions of people worldwide,including developing countries of Southeast Asia and Latin America.Bangladesh,like many oth...Mosquito-borne diseases,particularly dengue and chikungunya have become global threats,infecting millions of people worldwide,including developing countries of Southeast Asia and Latin America.Bangladesh,like many other developing countries,is experiencing frequent dengue outbreaks.This article,therefore,critically discussed the current status of dengue disease,vector control approaches,and the need for Wolbachia-mediated intervention in Bangladesh and other dengue-endemic developing countries.In this narrative review study,rel-evant literature was searched from major databases and search engines such as PubMed,BanglaJol,World Health Organization(WHO)/European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control(ECDC)and Google Scholar.Considering the selection criteria,our search strategies finally involved 55 related literature for further investigation.Findings showed that current vector control strategies could not render protection for an extended period,and the disease burden of arboviruses is increasing.The impoverished outbreak preparedness,urbanization,climate change,and less efficacy of existing control methods have made people susceptible to vector-borne diseases.Hence,Wolbachia,a naturally occurring endosymbiont of many mosquito species that can potentially limit virus transmission through several host genetic alterations,would be a potential alterna-tive for dengue prevention.We also critically discussed the challenges and prospects of Wolbachia-based den-gue control in developing countries.The evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of this intervention and its mechanism have also been elucidated.Empirical evidence suggests that this introgression method could be an eco-friendly and long-lasting dengue control method.This review would help the policymakers and health experts devise a scheme of Wolbachia-based dengue control that can control mosquito-borne diseases,partic-ularly dengue in Bangladesh and other developing countries.展开更多
Mosquito-borne diseases(MBDs),like malaria and mosquito-borne viruses(MBVs),have caused the deaths of millions of people.Their threat resides in the variety of transmission modes that they possess,along with the wide ...Mosquito-borne diseases(MBDs),like malaria and mosquito-borne viruses(MBVs),have caused the deaths of millions of people.Their threat resides in the variety of transmission modes that they possess,along with the wide selection of favorable hosts,such as humans,cattle,and rodents.MBDs are increasingly gaining a reputation as one of the most dangerous threats to public health in recent years.Mosquito numbers have been increasing in recent years as a result of multiple factors such as climate change and deforestation.This situation highlights the urgent need for actions to mitigate mosquito and MBD pathogen distributions.In the Middle East,many outbreaks of MBDs have been reported in the region.However,there are no reports of any endemic episodes of MBDs.The Middle East has faced many challenges over the years;however,the Syrian refugee crisis may be strongly related to the spread of infectious diseases.As mass gatherings and high-density populations are common features in the region,it is possible to understand why MBDs can spread easily.This review summarizes the state of MBDs in the Middle East,highlighting the different types of MBDs that have been reported in the region and discussing how to move forward with controlling their spread and limiting the risks they pose.According to the data reported by the electronic State Parties Self-Assessment Annual Reporting Tool(e-SPAR),the capacity to anticipate MBVs varies among Middle East countries.Therefore,the Middle East is on the frontline in the challenge to control a potential public health crisis.Consequently,the countries of the Middle East should be encouraged to improve their health and research capacities to mitigate the threat posed by MBDs.展开更多
Mosquito-borne viruses(MBVs)are a large class of viruses transmitted mainly through mosquito bites,including dengue virus,Zika virus,Japanese encephalitis virus,West Nile virus,and chikungunya virus,which pose a major...Mosquito-borne viruses(MBVs)are a large class of viruses transmitted mainly through mosquito bites,including dengue virus,Zika virus,Japanese encephalitis virus,West Nile virus,and chikungunya virus,which pose a major threat to the health of people around the world.With global warming and extended human activities,the incidence of many MBVs has increased significantly.Mosquito saliva contains a variety of bioactive protein components.These not only enable blood feeding but also play a crucial role in regulating local infection at the bite site and the remote dissemination of MBVs as well as in remodeling the innate and adaptive immune responses of host vertebrates.Here,we review the physiological functions of mosquito salivary proteins(MSPs)in detail,the influence and the underlying mechanism of MSPs on the transmission of MBVs,and the current progress and issues that urgently need to be addressed in the research and development of MSP-based MBV transmission blocking vaccines.展开更多
Infectious diseases caused by arboviruses are a public health concern in Pakistan.However,studies on data prevalence and threats posed by arboviruses are limited.This study investigated the seroprevalence of arbovirus...Infectious diseases caused by arboviruses are a public health concern in Pakistan.However,studies on data prevalence and threats posed by arboviruses are limited.This study investigated the seroprevalence of arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan,including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV),Tamdy virus(TAMV),and Karshi virus(KSIV)based on a newly established luciferase immunoprecipitation system(LIPS)assays,and Zika virus(ZIKV)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA).Neutralizing activities against these arboviruses were further examined from the antibody positive samples.The results showed that the seroprevalence of SFTSV,CCHFV,TAMV,KSIV,and ZIKV was 17.37%,7.58%,4.41%,1.10%,and 6.48%,respectively,and neutralizing to SFTSV(1.79%),CCHFV(2.62%),and ZIKV(0.69%)were identified,as well as to the SFTSV-related Guertu virus(GTV,0.83%).Risk factors associated with the incidence of exposure and levels of antibody response were analyzed.Moreover,co-exposure to different arboviruses was demonstrated,as thirty-seven individuals were having antibodies against multiple viruses and thirteen showed neutralizing activity.Males,individuals aged40 years,and outdoor workers had a high risk of exposure to arboviruses.All these results reveal the substantial risks of infection with arboviruses in Pakistan,and indicate the threat from co-exposure to multiple arboviruses.The findings raise the need for further epidemiologic investigation in expanded regions and populations and the necessity to improve health surveillance in Pakistan.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal potential of neem cake fractions of different polarity against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies(An.culicifacies).Methods: Neem cake fracti...Objective: To evaluate the ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal potential of neem cake fractions of different polarity against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies(An.culicifacies).Methods: Neem cake fractions' total methanol extract(NTMeOH), total ethyl acetate extract(NTAc OEt), ethyl acetate fraction after repartition with NTMe OH(NRAc OEt),butanol fraction after repartition with NTMeOH(NRBuOH), and aqueous fraction after repartition of NTMeOH(NRH2O) were tested against An. culicifacies eggs, fourth instar larvae and adults.Results: In larvicidal experiments, NTMeOH, NTAcOEt, NRAcOEt, NRBuOH and NRH2O achieved LC50 values of 1.32, 1.50, 1.81, 1.95 and 2.54 mg/L, respectively. All fractions tested at 150 mg/L were able to reduce egg hatchability of more than 50%, with the exception of NTAc OEt and NRAc OEt. In adulticidal assays, NTMeOH, NTAcOEt,NRAcOEt, NRBuOH and NRH2O achieved LC50 values of 3.01, 2.95, 3.23, 3.63 and3.00 mg/L, respectively.Conclusions: Overall, this study suggests that the methanolic fractions of neem cake may be considered as a new and cheap source of highly effective compounds against the rural malaria vector An. culicifacies.展开更多
Climate change is an emerging global problem.It has hazardous effects that vary across different geographic regions and populations.It is anticipated to have significant effects in Saudi Arabia.The present work review...Climate change is an emerging global problem.It has hazardous effects that vary across different geographic regions and populations.It is anticipated to have significant effects in Saudi Arabia.The present work reviews the future of human parasitoses in Saudi Arabia in response to the expected climate change.The key projections are increased precipitations,flash floods,unstable temperatures,sea-level rise and shoreline retreat.Such environmental changes could strongly influence the epidemiology of fly-borne,mosquito-borne,snail-borne and water-borne human parasitoses in the country.展开更多
BACKGROUND:The Chikungunya(CHIK)virus was recently reported by the CDC to have spread to the United States.We report an early documented case of CHIK from the state of Pennsylvania after a patient recently returned fr...BACKGROUND:The Chikungunya(CHIK)virus was recently reported by the CDC to have spread to the United States.We report an early documented case of CHIK from the state of Pennsylvania after a patient recently returned from Haiti in June of 2014.METHODS:A 39-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of fever,fatigue,polyarthralgias and a diffuse rash for two days.Four days before,he returned from a mission trip to Haiti and reported that four of his accompanying friends had also become ill.A CHIK antibody titer was obtained and it was found to be positive.During his hospital stay,he responded well to supportive care,including anti-inflammatories,intravenous hydration and anti-emetics.RESULTS:His condition improved within two days and he was ultimately discharged home.CONCLUSIONS:Manifestations of CHIK can be similar to Dengue fever,which is transmitted by the same species of mosquito,and occasionally as a co-infection.Clinicians should include Chikungunya virus in their differential diagnosis of patients who present with fever,polyarthralgia and rash with a recent history of travel to endemic areas,including those within the United States.展开更多
The amount and distribution of precipitation can determine dengue risk by affecting mosquito breeding;however,previous studies failed to incorporate this bivariate characteristic to examine dengue fever transmission.I...The amount and distribution of precipitation can determine dengue risk by affecting mosquito breeding;however,previous studies failed to incorporate this bivariate characteristic to examine dengue fever transmission.In the present research,nationwide data on daily dengue cases in China between January 2005 and December 2020 were obtained,and the top 12 cities accounting for 78%of total cases were selected for analysis.Precipitation patterns were quantified by weekly precipitation and precipitation concentration degree(PCD).On the basis of the combinations of both parameters,the exposure-response relationships of precipitation with dengue risk were established using generalised additive models,and the high-dengue-risk thresholds of precipitation patterns were further identified.Dengue burden was assessed by calculating attributable dengue cases.For the same amount of precipitation,the dispersed precipitation in the pre-summer rainy season leads to a higher dengue risk in autumn.The weekly precipitation of 100-150 mm and PCD of 0.2-0.4 constitute the highest risk scenario,and the average frequency of precipitation associated with dengue risk in 2013-2020 is 1.6 times higher than that in 2005-2012.A total of 3093 attributable dengue cases are identified.From 2005 to 2020,the amount of dispersed precipitation increased in southern and southwestern China and posed high dengue risks in central China.This study has improved the understanding of the health impacts of irregular rainfall under climate change.Our approach to identifying thresholds provides information for early warning systems and helps reduce the risk of dengue transmission in the long run.展开更多
In this paper,a delayed mosquito population suppression model,where the number of sexually active sterile mosquitoes released is regarded as a given nonnegative function,and the birth process is density dependent by c...In this paper,a delayed mosquito population suppression model,where the number of sexually active sterile mosquitoes released is regarded as a given nonnegative function,and the birth process is density dependent by considering larvae progression and the intra-specific competition within the larvae,is developed and studied.A threshold value r^(*)for the releases of sterile mosquitoes is determined,and it is proved that the origin is globally asymptotically stable if the number of sterile mosquitoes released is above the threshold value r^(*).Besides,the case when the number of sterile mosquitoes released stays at a constant level r is also considered.In the special case,it is also proved that the origin is globally asymptotically stable if and only if r>r^(*)and that the model exhibits other complicated dynamics such as bi-stability and semi-stability when r≤r^(*).Numerical examples are also provided to illustrate our main theoretical results.展开更多
文摘Mosquito-borne diseases,particularly dengue and chikungunya have become global threats,infecting millions of people worldwide,including developing countries of Southeast Asia and Latin America.Bangladesh,like many other developing countries,is experiencing frequent dengue outbreaks.This article,therefore,critically discussed the current status of dengue disease,vector control approaches,and the need for Wolbachia-mediated intervention in Bangladesh and other dengue-endemic developing countries.In this narrative review study,rel-evant literature was searched from major databases and search engines such as PubMed,BanglaJol,World Health Organization(WHO)/European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control(ECDC)and Google Scholar.Considering the selection criteria,our search strategies finally involved 55 related literature for further investigation.Findings showed that current vector control strategies could not render protection for an extended period,and the disease burden of arboviruses is increasing.The impoverished outbreak preparedness,urbanization,climate change,and less efficacy of existing control methods have made people susceptible to vector-borne diseases.Hence,Wolbachia,a naturally occurring endosymbiont of many mosquito species that can potentially limit virus transmission through several host genetic alterations,would be a potential alterna-tive for dengue prevention.We also critically discussed the challenges and prospects of Wolbachia-based den-gue control in developing countries.The evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of this intervention and its mechanism have also been elucidated.Empirical evidence suggests that this introgression method could be an eco-friendly and long-lasting dengue control method.This review would help the policymakers and health experts devise a scheme of Wolbachia-based dengue control that can control mosquito-borne diseases,partic-ularly dengue in Bangladesh and other developing countries.
文摘Mosquito-borne diseases(MBDs),like malaria and mosquito-borne viruses(MBVs),have caused the deaths of millions of people.Their threat resides in the variety of transmission modes that they possess,along with the wide selection of favorable hosts,such as humans,cattle,and rodents.MBDs are increasingly gaining a reputation as one of the most dangerous threats to public health in recent years.Mosquito numbers have been increasing in recent years as a result of multiple factors such as climate change and deforestation.This situation highlights the urgent need for actions to mitigate mosquito and MBD pathogen distributions.In the Middle East,many outbreaks of MBDs have been reported in the region.However,there are no reports of any endemic episodes of MBDs.The Middle East has faced many challenges over the years;however,the Syrian refugee crisis may be strongly related to the spread of infectious diseases.As mass gatherings and high-density populations are common features in the region,it is possible to understand why MBDs can spread easily.This review summarizes the state of MBDs in the Middle East,highlighting the different types of MBDs that have been reported in the region and discussing how to move forward with controlling their spread and limiting the risks they pose.According to the data reported by the electronic State Parties Self-Assessment Annual Reporting Tool(e-SPAR),the capacity to anticipate MBVs varies among Middle East countries.Therefore,the Middle East is on the frontline in the challenge to control a potential public health crisis.Consequently,the countries of the Middle East should be encouraged to improve their health and research capacities to mitigate the threat posed by MBDs.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2021YFC2300200,2020YFC1200104,and 2018YFA0507202)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32188101,31825001,81730063,81961160737,and 82102389)+5 种基金Tsinghua University Spring Breeze Fund(2020Z99CFG017)Shenzhen San-Ming Project for prevention and research on vector-borne diseases(SZSM201611064)the Yunnan Cheng gong expert workstation(202005AF150034)Innovation Team Project of Yunnan Science and Technology Department(202105AE160020)Tsinghua-Foshan Innovation Special Fund(2022THFS6124)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program(2021QNRC001).
文摘Mosquito-borne viruses(MBVs)are a large class of viruses transmitted mainly through mosquito bites,including dengue virus,Zika virus,Japanese encephalitis virus,West Nile virus,and chikungunya virus,which pose a major threat to the health of people around the world.With global warming and extended human activities,the incidence of many MBVs has increased significantly.Mosquito saliva contains a variety of bioactive protein components.These not only enable blood feeding but also play a crucial role in regulating local infection at the bite site and the remote dissemination of MBVs as well as in remodeling the innate and adaptive immune responses of host vertebrates.Here,we review the physiological functions of mosquito salivary proteins(MSPs)in detail,the influence and the underlying mechanism of MSPs on the transmission of MBVs,and the current progress and issues that urgently need to be addressed in the research and development of MSP-based MBV transmission blocking vaccines.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Programme of China[Grant Number 2021YFC2300900,2022YFC2302700]International Partnership Programme of the Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences[Grant Number 153B42KYSB20200013]+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Number U22A20363]Biological Resources Programme,Chinese Academy of Sciences[Grant Number KFJ-BRP-017-74].
文摘Infectious diseases caused by arboviruses are a public health concern in Pakistan.However,studies on data prevalence and threats posed by arboviruses are limited.This study investigated the seroprevalence of arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan,including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV),Tamdy virus(TAMV),and Karshi virus(KSIV)based on a newly established luciferase immunoprecipitation system(LIPS)assays,and Zika virus(ZIKV)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA).Neutralizing activities against these arboviruses were further examined from the antibody positive samples.The results showed that the seroprevalence of SFTSV,CCHFV,TAMV,KSIV,and ZIKV was 17.37%,7.58%,4.41%,1.10%,and 6.48%,respectively,and neutralizing to SFTSV(1.79%),CCHFV(2.62%),and ZIKV(0.69%)were identified,as well as to the SFTSV-related Guertu virus(GTV,0.83%).Risk factors associated with the incidence of exposure and levels of antibody response were analyzed.Moreover,co-exposure to different arboviruses was demonstrated,as thirty-seven individuals were having antibodies against multiple viruses and thirteen showed neutralizing activity.Males,individuals aged40 years,and outdoor workers had a high risk of exposure to arboviruses.All these results reveal the substantial risks of infection with arboviruses in Pakistan,and indicate the threat from co-exposure to multiple arboviruses.The findings raise the need for further epidemiologic investigation in expanded regions and populations and the necessity to improve health surveillance in Pakistan.
基金Supported by UGC-MRP,New Delhi,India[No.F.No.36-250/2008(SR)24/03/2009]King Saud University,Saudi Arabia,Vice Deanship of Research Chairs:Research Chairs
文摘Objective: To evaluate the ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal potential of neem cake fractions of different polarity against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies(An.culicifacies).Methods: Neem cake fractions' total methanol extract(NTMeOH), total ethyl acetate extract(NTAc OEt), ethyl acetate fraction after repartition with NTMe OH(NRAc OEt),butanol fraction after repartition with NTMeOH(NRBuOH), and aqueous fraction after repartition of NTMeOH(NRH2O) were tested against An. culicifacies eggs, fourth instar larvae and adults.Results: In larvicidal experiments, NTMeOH, NTAcOEt, NRAcOEt, NRBuOH and NRH2O achieved LC50 values of 1.32, 1.50, 1.81, 1.95 and 2.54 mg/L, respectively. All fractions tested at 150 mg/L were able to reduce egg hatchability of more than 50%, with the exception of NTAc OEt and NRAc OEt. In adulticidal assays, NTMeOH, NTAcOEt,NRAcOEt, NRBuOH and NRH2O achieved LC50 values of 3.01, 2.95, 3.23, 3.63 and3.00 mg/L, respectively.Conclusions: Overall, this study suggests that the methanolic fractions of neem cake may be considered as a new and cheap source of highly effective compounds against the rural malaria vector An. culicifacies.
文摘Climate change is an emerging global problem.It has hazardous effects that vary across different geographic regions and populations.It is anticipated to have significant effects in Saudi Arabia.The present work reviews the future of human parasitoses in Saudi Arabia in response to the expected climate change.The key projections are increased precipitations,flash floods,unstable temperatures,sea-level rise and shoreline retreat.Such environmental changes could strongly influence the epidemiology of fly-borne,mosquito-borne,snail-borne and water-borne human parasitoses in the country.
文摘BACKGROUND:The Chikungunya(CHIK)virus was recently reported by the CDC to have spread to the United States.We report an early documented case of CHIK from the state of Pennsylvania after a patient recently returned from Haiti in June of 2014.METHODS:A 39-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of fever,fatigue,polyarthralgias and a diffuse rash for two days.Four days before,he returned from a mission trip to Haiti and reported that four of his accompanying friends had also become ill.A CHIK antibody titer was obtained and it was found to be positive.During his hospital stay,he responded well to supportive care,including anti-inflammatories,intravenous hydration and anti-emetics.RESULTS:His condition improved within two days and he was ultimately discharged home.CONCLUSIONS:Manifestations of CHIK can be similar to Dengue fever,which is transmitted by the same species of mosquito,and occasionally as a co-infection.Clinicians should include Chikungunya virus in their differential diagnosis of patients who present with fever,polyarthralgia and rash with a recent history of travel to endemic areas,including those within the United States.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0606200)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,China(SZSM202111001).
文摘The amount and distribution of precipitation can determine dengue risk by affecting mosquito breeding;however,previous studies failed to incorporate this bivariate characteristic to examine dengue fever transmission.In the present research,nationwide data on daily dengue cases in China between January 2005 and December 2020 were obtained,and the top 12 cities accounting for 78%of total cases were selected for analysis.Precipitation patterns were quantified by weekly precipitation and precipitation concentration degree(PCD).On the basis of the combinations of both parameters,the exposure-response relationships of precipitation with dengue risk were established using generalised additive models,and the high-dengue-risk thresholds of precipitation patterns were further identified.Dengue burden was assessed by calculating attributable dengue cases.For the same amount of precipitation,the dispersed precipitation in the pre-summer rainy season leads to a higher dengue risk in autumn.The weekly precipitation of 100-150 mm and PCD of 0.2-0.4 constitute the highest risk scenario,and the average frequency of precipitation associated with dengue risk in 2013-2020 is 1.6 times higher than that in 2005-2012.A total of 3093 attributable dengue cases are identified.From 2005 to 2020,the amount of dispersed precipitation increased in southern and southwestern China and posed high dengue risks in central China.This study has improved the understanding of the health impacts of irregular rainfall under climate change.Our approach to identifying thresholds provides information for early warning systems and helps reduce the risk of dengue transmission in the long run.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.12171193)the Science and Technology Key Project of Henan Province of China (No.222102110028)the Key scientific research projects of colleges and universities in Henan Province of China (Nos.22B110006,22A110012 and 20B110008).
文摘In this paper,a delayed mosquito population suppression model,where the number of sexually active sterile mosquitoes released is regarded as a given nonnegative function,and the birth process is density dependent by considering larvae progression and the intra-specific competition within the larvae,is developed and studied.A threshold value r^(*)for the releases of sterile mosquitoes is determined,and it is proved that the origin is globally asymptotically stable if the number of sterile mosquitoes released is above the threshold value r^(*).Besides,the case when the number of sterile mosquitoes released stays at a constant level r is also considered.In the special case,it is also proved that the origin is globally asymptotically stable if and only if r>r^(*)and that the model exhibits other complicated dynamics such as bi-stability and semi-stability when r≤r^(*).Numerical examples are also provided to illustrate our main theoretical results.
