This study examines the physical features of traditional mosques in the Quzzat(Bardrani)quarter of Herat Old City,Afghanistan.Traditional mosques are constructed with locally available materials and are planned based ...This study examines the physical features of traditional mosques in the Quzzat(Bardrani)quarter of Herat Old City,Afghanistan.Traditional mosques are constructed with locally available materials and are planned based on cultural and climatic conditions.Mosques are categorised as modern or traditional.Traditional mosques are divided into three subcategories:preserved,damaged(defaced),and transformed.Transformed mosques are formerly traditional mosques reconstructed with modern or industrial materials(concrete and reinforcement).This study explores the distribution of mosques and analyses their plan typology.Mosques are categorised into five plan types,and three relative case studies are described in detail to provide a better understanding and an in-depth analysis of mosque typology.展开更多
Medieval mosques in Algeria represent an important architectural heritage that deserves to be identifed,studied and preserved.Considering the period spanning the 7th to 15th centuries,this study investigated medieval ...Medieval mosques in Algeria represent an important architectural heritage that deserves to be identifed,studied and preserved.Considering the period spanning the 7th to 15th centuries,this study investigated medieval mosques in Algeria,spatially and socially,to identify the architectural genotype and to establish whether such mosques present the same topological model that governs their spatial properties.This study adopted a new approach to spatial analysis of mosques that could be applied to improve understanding of other religious buildings.Space syntax as an architectural analysis tool can be used as a qualitative method for drawing justifed graphs and comparing them visually and quantitatively,calculating syntactic measures and integrating visibility graph analysis to identify spatial types,reveal architectural genotypes and explain social logic.The fndings demonstrate how space syntax with topological analysis and syntactic measures could be used to provide new understanding for architects,students and all those interested in heritage,architecture and design,by uncovering hidden structures and revealing the social logic embodied in the spatial confgurations of mosques.展开更多
The distribution of mosques needs to be assessed to help authorities to choose the appropriate location for the new mosques proposals, or to extend the existing mosques, the distribution and capacity of mosques is a s...The distribution of mosques needs to be assessed to help authorities to choose the appropriate location for the new mosques proposals, or to extend the existing mosques, the distribution and capacity of mosques is a serious problem in Islamic towns. This research aimed at finding appropriate planning standards, selection criteria for mosques locations and capacity by studying the current locations, distributions and capacities of the existing mosques. An aerial photograph was used as a source of spatial data. The distinctive orientation of the mosques to Gibla (Mecca holy mosque direction) facilitated their identification among other buildings. A layer of mosques was created in GIS. Each mosque area was calculated from the layer and saved in the attribute table. The actual capacity of each mosque (number of worshipers) was calculated by dividing the mosque area by 1 square meter. A buffer tool was applied, depending on the optimal distance for worshipers to access the mosques;the houses within the buffer area of each mosque were calculated to estimate the expected maximum number of worshipers for Friday prayer. The actual capacities of mosques were compared to the expected population. The results indicated that some mosques were found to be suitable;some needed to be extended within the existing location, while others could not be extended within the existing location and a new location must be determined for a new mosque within the buffer area to accommodate the expected number of worshipers.展开更多
Acoustics is an important factor in mosque prayer halls that had not been given extensive concern during the architectural design stages. Eventually, the importance of speech intelligibility became more important, giv...Acoustics is an important factor in mosque prayer halls that had not been given extensive concern during the architectural design stages. Eventually, the importance of speech intelligibility became more important, given the integration of other activities into the prayer halls, such as the holy Quran recitation, speeches, and lectures. Early attempts have been made to control the propagation of sound and to maintain good acoustic quality within the prayer spaces. Architects during the conceptual design stage had barely paid attention to the design issues that affect the acoustic environment inside the prayer zones, which is either due to lack of time during the project development or, in most cases, a lack of simple design guidelines to overcome any drastic acoustical defects arising from the incorrect design, shape, or material selection. The basic guidelines for designers to select the appropriate shape, geometry, size, and finishing materials are an essential design tool. This work examines the three common design topologies of mosques, which differ in size, shape, and finishing materials. In this study, a geometric and material parametric analysis was conducted based on the shape, surface area, volume, and finishing materials of each of the three designs. For the geometric acoustics, a computer model employing the ray tracing theory was employed to investigate the three configurations. Different acoustic treatments were tested relative to the geometric disposition of each design. Finally, basic recommendations and design guidelines were presented.展开更多
The study aims to analyse the architectural typology and determine the period of construction for the preserved traditional mosques of the Quzzat Quarter in the Old City of Herat(known as the Pearl of Khorasan).Twenty...The study aims to analyse the architectural typology and determine the period of construction for the preserved traditional mosques of the Quzzat Quarter in the Old City of Herat(known as the Pearl of Khorasan).Twenty-nine mosques are located in the area,three of which are modern and 26 are traditional.Twelve out of the 26 traditional mosques still exist and have preserved their traditional landscape.Using analogy to analyse water cisterns and mosques,we determine when each mosque was developed and establish the period of development for each structure.Further analyses are carried out on the edifces’architectural details.Architectural analyses and mosque typologies suggest that fve buildings were built before the Timurid dynasty;two were built during the Timurid dynasty(1370−1507 CE);and one was built after the Timurid dynasty.Two mosques incorporating elements from diferent periods are counted as exceptions,and the remaining two are considered to have been built during transitional periods.展开更多
This article probes the Islamic Revolution of Iran from Khomeini’s ideas on the mosque,including his perception,adherence and upholding of Islam,so as to disclose the relevance of the mosque’s channel and Iran’s do...This article probes the Islamic Revolution of Iran from Khomeini’s ideas on the mosque,including his perception,adherence and upholding of Islam,so as to disclose the relevance of the mosque’s channel and Iran’s domestic and foreign policy,and then highlights the impact of the spiritual leader in Iran.Particularly,the international community should address the Four Kinds of Discourse that formed during the Iranian nuclear issue,which have hindered the communication and dialogue.Therefore,the international community must expand the space and means to take effective countermeasures to create an atmosphere of communication and dialogue,and then strive to resolve the issue.展开更多
文摘This study examines the physical features of traditional mosques in the Quzzat(Bardrani)quarter of Herat Old City,Afghanistan.Traditional mosques are constructed with locally available materials and are planned based on cultural and climatic conditions.Mosques are categorised as modern or traditional.Traditional mosques are divided into three subcategories:preserved,damaged(defaced),and transformed.Transformed mosques are formerly traditional mosques reconstructed with modern or industrial materials(concrete and reinforcement).This study explores the distribution of mosques and analyses their plan typology.Mosques are categorised into five plan types,and three relative case studies are described in detail to provide a better understanding and an in-depth analysis of mosque typology.
文摘Medieval mosques in Algeria represent an important architectural heritage that deserves to be identifed,studied and preserved.Considering the period spanning the 7th to 15th centuries,this study investigated medieval mosques in Algeria,spatially and socially,to identify the architectural genotype and to establish whether such mosques present the same topological model that governs their spatial properties.This study adopted a new approach to spatial analysis of mosques that could be applied to improve understanding of other religious buildings.Space syntax as an architectural analysis tool can be used as a qualitative method for drawing justifed graphs and comparing them visually and quantitatively,calculating syntactic measures and integrating visibility graph analysis to identify spatial types,reveal architectural genotypes and explain social logic.The fndings demonstrate how space syntax with topological analysis and syntactic measures could be used to provide new understanding for architects,students and all those interested in heritage,architecture and design,by uncovering hidden structures and revealing the social logic embodied in the spatial confgurations of mosques.
文摘The distribution of mosques needs to be assessed to help authorities to choose the appropriate location for the new mosques proposals, or to extend the existing mosques, the distribution and capacity of mosques is a serious problem in Islamic towns. This research aimed at finding appropriate planning standards, selection criteria for mosques locations and capacity by studying the current locations, distributions and capacities of the existing mosques. An aerial photograph was used as a source of spatial data. The distinctive orientation of the mosques to Gibla (Mecca holy mosque direction) facilitated their identification among other buildings. A layer of mosques was created in GIS. Each mosque area was calculated from the layer and saved in the attribute table. The actual capacity of each mosque (number of worshipers) was calculated by dividing the mosque area by 1 square meter. A buffer tool was applied, depending on the optimal distance for worshipers to access the mosques;the houses within the buffer area of each mosque were calculated to estimate the expected maximum number of worshipers for Friday prayer. The actual capacities of mosques were compared to the expected population. The results indicated that some mosques were found to be suitable;some needed to be extended within the existing location, while others could not be extended within the existing location and a new location must be determined for a new mosque within the buffer area to accommodate the expected number of worshipers.
文摘Acoustics is an important factor in mosque prayer halls that had not been given extensive concern during the architectural design stages. Eventually, the importance of speech intelligibility became more important, given the integration of other activities into the prayer halls, such as the holy Quran recitation, speeches, and lectures. Early attempts have been made to control the propagation of sound and to maintain good acoustic quality within the prayer spaces. Architects during the conceptual design stage had barely paid attention to the design issues that affect the acoustic environment inside the prayer zones, which is either due to lack of time during the project development or, in most cases, a lack of simple design guidelines to overcome any drastic acoustical defects arising from the incorrect design, shape, or material selection. The basic guidelines for designers to select the appropriate shape, geometry, size, and finishing materials are an essential design tool. This work examines the three common design topologies of mosques, which differ in size, shape, and finishing materials. In this study, a geometric and material parametric analysis was conducted based on the shape, surface area, volume, and finishing materials of each of the three designs. For the geometric acoustics, a computer model employing the ray tracing theory was employed to investigate the three configurations. Different acoustic treatments were tested relative to the geometric disposition of each design. Finally, basic recommendations and design guidelines were presented.
文摘The study aims to analyse the architectural typology and determine the period of construction for the preserved traditional mosques of the Quzzat Quarter in the Old City of Herat(known as the Pearl of Khorasan).Twenty-nine mosques are located in the area,three of which are modern and 26 are traditional.Twelve out of the 26 traditional mosques still exist and have preserved their traditional landscape.Using analogy to analyse water cisterns and mosques,we determine when each mosque was developed and establish the period of development for each structure.Further analyses are carried out on the edifces’architectural details.Architectural analyses and mosque typologies suggest that fve buildings were built before the Timurid dynasty;two were built during the Timurid dynasty(1370−1507 CE);and one was built after the Timurid dynasty.Two mosques incorporating elements from diferent periods are counted as exceptions,and the remaining two are considered to have been built during transitional periods.
基金the product of the Chinese National Social Science Foundation program“P.R.China’s Public and Cultural Diplomacy to Middle Eastern Islamic Countries and Countermeasures”(11BGJ033)it is also supported by the Shanghai International Studies University“211”program(StageⅢ)Key Discipline of Shanghai(B702).
文摘This article probes the Islamic Revolution of Iran from Khomeini’s ideas on the mosque,including his perception,adherence and upholding of Islam,so as to disclose the relevance of the mosque’s channel and Iran’s domestic and foreign policy,and then highlights the impact of the spiritual leader in Iran.Particularly,the international community should address the Four Kinds of Discourse that formed during the Iranian nuclear issue,which have hindered the communication and dialogue.Therefore,the international community must expand the space and means to take effective countermeasures to create an atmosphere of communication and dialogue,and then strive to resolve the issue.
