本文承袭用NP提取的方法分析汉语的“被”字结构,在吴庚堂(1999)的基础上把该分析方法延伸到了以领属结构作宾语的被动式;通过运用动词被动化理论建立了一个涵盖所涉及的被动式的汉语被动化模型,同时解释了在领属结构被动式里当部分成...本文承袭用NP提取的方法分析汉语的“被”字结构,在吴庚堂(1999)的基础上把该分析方法延伸到了以领属结构作宾语的被动式;通过运用动词被动化理论建立了一个涵盖所涉及的被动式的汉语被动化模型,同时解释了在领属结构被动式里当部分成分提取后为什么“的”字的音系形式会被删除;此外,本文还将发掘“被”字结构中的省略与“接应代词”之间的关系,并在此基础上提出了相关中心语功能“再造”的假设;最后,依据“最简方案”的最新思想提出了用多次选择N(cyclicapplication to Nurn)的方法解决“接应代词”或功能“再造”的思路。展开更多
Upconversion luminescence(UCL)materials have the potential for many applications due to their unique optical properties.Some technical challenges such as complex synthesis with low yield and nondegradability need to b...Upconversion luminescence(UCL)materials have the potential for many applications due to their unique optical properties.Some technical challenges such as complex synthesis with low yield and nondegradability need to be addressed for practical use.Here,we report for the first time a minimalist method for large-scale synthesis of Cs_(2)NaErCl_(6)UCL crystals with almost 100%yield,simply by dissolving metal chlorides in water and then drying,referred to as the“dissolve-dry”method.Cs_(2)NaErCl_(6)crystals produced under such mild conditions exhibited bright UCL at either 808 or 980 nm irradiation.UCL was achieved through an excited state absorption process,and the excellent performance was mainly attributed to the large unit cells of the crystals and the long lifetime of Er^(3+)excited energy levels.Moreover,the synthesis was reversible and could be scaled up unlimitedly,making it suitable for industrial applications,with recyclable products.The recyclable application of Cs_(2)NaErCl_(6)crystals as a luminescent medium in near-infrared light-emitting diode excitable upconversion devices was demonstrated based on its excellent recyclability.Our work not only provides a new strategy for large-scale synthesis of UCL crystals but also demonstrates the recyclability of this material and its related applications.展开更多
Purpose We compared running economy(RE)and 3-km time-trial(TT)variables of runners wearing Nike Vaporfly 4%(VP4),Saucony Endorphin lightweight racing flats(FLAT),and their habitual running(OWN)footwear.Methods Eightee...Purpose We compared running economy(RE)and 3-km time-trial(TT)variables of runners wearing Nike Vaporfly 4%(VP4),Saucony Endorphin lightweight racing flats(FLAT),and their habitual running(OWN)footwear.Methods Eighteen male recreational runners(age=33.5±11.9 year(mean±SD),peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2peak))=55.8±4.4 mL/kg·min)attended 4 sessions approximately 7 days apart.The first session consisted of a VO_(2peak) test to inform subsequent RE speeds set at 60%,70%,and 80%of the speed eliciting VO2peak.In subsequent sessions,treadmill RE and 3-km TTs were assessed in the 3 footwear conditions in a randomized,counterbalanced crossover design.Results Oxygen consumption(mL/kg·min)was less in VP4(from 4.3%to 4.4%,p≤0.002)and FLAT(from 2.7%to 3.4%,p≤0.092)vs.OWN across intensities,with a non-significant difference between VP4 and FLAT(1.0%-1.7%,p≥0.292).Findings related to energy cost(W/kg)and energetics cost of transport(J/kg·m)were comparable.VP43-km TT performance(11:07.6±0:56.6 mm:ss)was enhanced vs.OWN by 16.6 s(2.4%,p=0.005)and vs.FLAT by 13.0 s(1.8%,p=0.032).The 3-km times between OWN and FLAT(0.5%,p=0.747)were similar.Most runners(n=11,61%)ran their fastest TT in VP4.Conclusion Overall,VP4 improved laboratory-based RE measures in male recreational runners at relative speeds compared to OWN,but the RE improvements in VP4 were not significant vs.FLAT.More runners exhibited better treadmill TT performances in VP4(61%)vs.FLAT(22%)and OWN(17%).The variability in RE(-10.3%to 13.3%)and TT(-4.7%to 9.3%)improvements suggests that responses to different types of shoes are individualized and warrant further investigation.展开更多
Minimalism is a style of art stripped down to fundamental features of things born in 1960s, exerting profound influence on garden art as a kind of conclusion and development of modernism. By further analyzing the form...Minimalism is a style of art stripped down to fundamental features of things born in 1960s, exerting profound influence on garden art as a kind of conclusion and development of modernism. By further analyzing the formation and development of minimalist garden, factors of minimalist garden were concluded as the following 6 aspects:application of traditional elements, innovative introduction of natural environment elements, unique application of traditional design elements, application of concise geometric features, application of new garden elements, demonstration of the four-dimensional element-time. 5 characteristics of minimalist garden were proposed as:A. Concise geometric figures; B. innovative application of classical nature;C. Application of rich materials; D.Overlaid application of a series of elements; E. Expressing landscape environment objectively. Research on minimalism will help to understand garden types of different characteristics and provide practical references for modern garden design.展开更多
文摘本文承袭用NP提取的方法分析汉语的“被”字结构,在吴庚堂(1999)的基础上把该分析方法延伸到了以领属结构作宾语的被动式;通过运用动词被动化理论建立了一个涵盖所涉及的被动式的汉语被动化模型,同时解释了在领属结构被动式里当部分成分提取后为什么“的”字的音系形式会被删除;此外,本文还将发掘“被”字结构中的省略与“接应代词”之间的关系,并在此基础上提出了相关中心语功能“再造”的假设;最后,依据“最简方案”的最新思想提出了用多次选择N(cyclicapplication to Nurn)的方法解决“接应代词”或功能“再造”的思路。
基金supported by financial aid from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22020102003 and 21834007)the Jilin Province Youth Science and Technology Talent support project(grant no.QT202229)the Program of Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province of China(grant no.YDZJ202302CXJD065).
文摘Upconversion luminescence(UCL)materials have the potential for many applications due to their unique optical properties.Some technical challenges such as complex synthesis with low yield and nondegradability need to be addressed for practical use.Here,we report for the first time a minimalist method for large-scale synthesis of Cs_(2)NaErCl_(6)UCL crystals with almost 100%yield,simply by dissolving metal chlorides in water and then drying,referred to as the“dissolve-dry”method.Cs_(2)NaErCl_(6)crystals produced under such mild conditions exhibited bright UCL at either 808 or 980 nm irradiation.UCL was achieved through an excited state absorption process,and the excellent performance was mainly attributed to the large unit cells of the crystals and the long lifetime of Er^(3+)excited energy levels.Moreover,the synthesis was reversible and could be scaled up unlimitedly,making it suitable for industrial applications,with recyclable products.The recyclable application of Cs_(2)NaErCl_(6)crystals as a luminescent medium in near-infrared light-emitting diode excitable upconversion devices was demonstrated based on its excellent recyclability.Our work not only provides a new strategy for large-scale synthesis of UCL crystals but also demonstrates the recyclability of this material and its related applications.
基金internally funded by Te Huataki Waiora School of Health,University of Waikato,New Zealandthe Running Clinic,Canada
文摘Purpose We compared running economy(RE)and 3-km time-trial(TT)variables of runners wearing Nike Vaporfly 4%(VP4),Saucony Endorphin lightweight racing flats(FLAT),and their habitual running(OWN)footwear.Methods Eighteen male recreational runners(age=33.5±11.9 year(mean±SD),peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2peak))=55.8±4.4 mL/kg·min)attended 4 sessions approximately 7 days apart.The first session consisted of a VO_(2peak) test to inform subsequent RE speeds set at 60%,70%,and 80%of the speed eliciting VO2peak.In subsequent sessions,treadmill RE and 3-km TTs were assessed in the 3 footwear conditions in a randomized,counterbalanced crossover design.Results Oxygen consumption(mL/kg·min)was less in VP4(from 4.3%to 4.4%,p≤0.002)and FLAT(from 2.7%to 3.4%,p≤0.092)vs.OWN across intensities,with a non-significant difference between VP4 and FLAT(1.0%-1.7%,p≥0.292).Findings related to energy cost(W/kg)and energetics cost of transport(J/kg·m)were comparable.VP43-km TT performance(11:07.6±0:56.6 mm:ss)was enhanced vs.OWN by 16.6 s(2.4%,p=0.005)and vs.FLAT by 13.0 s(1.8%,p=0.032).The 3-km times between OWN and FLAT(0.5%,p=0.747)were similar.Most runners(n=11,61%)ran their fastest TT in VP4.Conclusion Overall,VP4 improved laboratory-based RE measures in male recreational runners at relative speeds compared to OWN,but the RE improvements in VP4 were not significant vs.FLAT.More runners exhibited better treadmill TT performances in VP4(61%)vs.FLAT(22%)and OWN(17%).The variability in RE(-10.3%to 13.3%)and TT(-4.7%to 9.3%)improvements suggests that responses to different types of shoes are individualized and warrant further investigation.
文摘Minimalism is a style of art stripped down to fundamental features of things born in 1960s, exerting profound influence on garden art as a kind of conclusion and development of modernism. By further analyzing the formation and development of minimalist garden, factors of minimalist garden were concluded as the following 6 aspects:application of traditional elements, innovative introduction of natural environment elements, unique application of traditional design elements, application of concise geometric features, application of new garden elements, demonstration of the four-dimensional element-time. 5 characteristics of minimalist garden were proposed as:A. Concise geometric figures; B. innovative application of classical nature;C. Application of rich materials; D.Overlaid application of a series of elements; E. Expressing landscape environment objectively. Research on minimalism will help to understand garden types of different characteristics and provide practical references for modern garden design.
