Since the two seminal papers were published independently in 2004, high-entropy-alloys(HEAs) have been applied to structural and functional materials due to the enhanced mechanical properties, thermal stability, and e...Since the two seminal papers were published independently in 2004, high-entropy-alloys(HEAs) have been applied to structural and functional materials due to the enhanced mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. In recent years, HEA nanoparticles(HEA-NPs) were paid much attention to in the field of catalysis for the promoted catalytic activity. Furthermore, the various ratios among the metal components and tunable bulk and surface structures enable HEAs have big room to enhance the catalytic performance. Especially, noble-metal-based HEAs displayed significantly improved performance in electrocatalysis, where the ‘core effects’ were employed to explain the superior catalytic activity. However, it is insufficient to understand the essential mechanism or further guide the design of electrocatalysts. Structure–property relationship should be disclosed for the catalysis on HEA-NPs to accelerate the process of seeking high effective and efficient electrocatalysts. Therefore, we summarized the recent advances of noble-metal-based HEA-NPs applied to electrocatalysis, such as hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, methanol oxidation reaction, ethanol oxidation reaction, formic acid oxidation reaction, hydrogen oxidation reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction and nitrogen reduction reaction. For each electrocatalytic reaction, the reaction mechanism and catalyst structure were presented, and then the structure–property relationship was elaborated. The review begins with the development, concept, four ‘core effect’ and synthesis methods of HEAs. Next,the electrocatalytic reactions on noble-metal-based HEA-NPs are summarized and discussed independently. Lastly, the main views and difficulties pertaining to structure–property relationship for HEAs are discussed.展开更多
Porous metal-based carbon nanocomposites,with a monolithic shape,were prepared by a one-pot synthesis from dissolved cellulose and metallic salts using a simple,cheap,and environmentally friendly route.Their potential...Porous metal-based carbon nanocomposites,with a monolithic shape,were prepared by a one-pot synthesis from dissolved cellulose and metallic salts using a simple,cheap,and environmentally friendly route.Their potential performances as electrochemical capacitors were tested with three metal precursors(M=Cu,Mn,and Fe)with two loadings and in an asymmetric cell for the Fe-based carbon material.Interestingly,here soluble metal precursors were not deposited on a hard cellulose template but mixed in a precooled concentrated NaOH solution where cellulose was previously dissolved,allowing for a good dispersion of the metallic species.After a freezing step where concomitant cellulose regeneration and pore ice-templating phenomena took place,followed by a carbonization step,the mixture led to a porous carbon monolith embedding well-dispersed metal-based nanoparticles having a diameter below 20 nm and present as metallic,oxide,or carbide phase(s)according to the element M.These materials were characterized by different physicochemical techniques and electrochemical tests.Their performances as supercapacitors are discussed in light of the specific behaviour of the metal-based phase and its influence on the carbon matrix properties such as mesopore formation and carbon graphitization.An asymmetric energy storage cell assembled with a Fe-based carbon electrode against a carbon xerogel electrode derived from a phenolic resin shows specific energy and power of 18.3 Wh kg^(−1)at 5 mA cm^(−2)and 1.6 kW kg^(−1)at 25 mA cm^(−2),respectively.展开更多
Inflammatory diseases are key contributors to high mortality globally and adversely affect the quality of life.Current treatments include corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories that may cause systemic tox...Inflammatory diseases are key contributors to high mortality globally and adversely affect the quality of life.Current treatments include corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories that may cause systemic toxicity and biologics that may increase the risk of infection.Composite nanoparticles that bear not only the drug payload but also targeting ligands for delivery to inflammation sites at lowered systemic toxicity are established in the nanomedicine field,but their relatively large size often leads to systemic clearance.Metal-based nanoparticles with intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties represent attractive alternatives.They are not only designed to be compact for crossing biological barriers(with the nanoparticle serving as a dual carrier and drug),but also support label-free tracking of their interactions with cells.The review commences with an outline of the common inflammatory diseases,inflammatory pathways involved,and conventional drug-loaded nanoparticles for anti-inflammation.Next,the review features the emerging applications of self-therapeutic metal-based nanoparticles(e.g.,gold,coper oxide,platinum,ceria,and zinc oxide)for managing inflammatory diseases in animals over the past three years,focusing on therapeutic outcomes and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.The review concludes with an outlook on the biodistribution,long-term toxicity,and clinical translation of self-therapeutic metalbased nanoparticles.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most prominent cause of disability and mortality in the world. Although there have been a variety of therapeutic options for the management of CVDs, most of the traditional thera...Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most prominent cause of disability and mortality in the world. Although there have been a variety of therapeutic options for the management of CVDs, most of the traditional therapeutic strategies could not sufficiently stop or reduce the progression of these diseases and may result in some side effects. With the advance in nanotechnology, a number of metal-based nanoparticles have been developed and shown promising potentials in the treatment of CVDs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of researches on recent development of metal-based nanoparticles in diagnosis and therapy in CVDs as biomedical materials. We also discuss the challenges in the clinical translation and potential risks in their application of CVD therapy. Based on the ongoing research and applications, we can conclude metal-based nanoparticles are expected to become potential therapeutics for the treatment of CVDs. But their application is still in its infancy and much more efforts should be made to enforce a clinical breakthrough.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21676100, 22008076)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2017A030312005)。
文摘Since the two seminal papers were published independently in 2004, high-entropy-alloys(HEAs) have been applied to structural and functional materials due to the enhanced mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. In recent years, HEA nanoparticles(HEA-NPs) were paid much attention to in the field of catalysis for the promoted catalytic activity. Furthermore, the various ratios among the metal components and tunable bulk and surface structures enable HEAs have big room to enhance the catalytic performance. Especially, noble-metal-based HEAs displayed significantly improved performance in electrocatalysis, where the ‘core effects’ were employed to explain the superior catalytic activity. However, it is insufficient to understand the essential mechanism or further guide the design of electrocatalysts. Structure–property relationship should be disclosed for the catalysis on HEA-NPs to accelerate the process of seeking high effective and efficient electrocatalysts. Therefore, we summarized the recent advances of noble-metal-based HEA-NPs applied to electrocatalysis, such as hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, methanol oxidation reaction, ethanol oxidation reaction, formic acid oxidation reaction, hydrogen oxidation reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction and nitrogen reduction reaction. For each electrocatalytic reaction, the reaction mechanism and catalyst structure were presented, and then the structure–property relationship was elaborated. The review begins with the development, concept, four ‘core effect’ and synthesis methods of HEAs. Next,the electrocatalytic reactions on noble-metal-based HEA-NPs are summarized and discussed independently. Lastly, the main views and difficulties pertaining to structure–property relationship for HEAs are discussed.
文摘Porous metal-based carbon nanocomposites,with a monolithic shape,were prepared by a one-pot synthesis from dissolved cellulose and metallic salts using a simple,cheap,and environmentally friendly route.Their potential performances as electrochemical capacitors were tested with three metal precursors(M=Cu,Mn,and Fe)with two loadings and in an asymmetric cell for the Fe-based carbon material.Interestingly,here soluble metal precursors were not deposited on a hard cellulose template but mixed in a precooled concentrated NaOH solution where cellulose was previously dissolved,allowing for a good dispersion of the metallic species.After a freezing step where concomitant cellulose regeneration and pore ice-templating phenomena took place,followed by a carbonization step,the mixture led to a porous carbon monolith embedding well-dispersed metal-based nanoparticles having a diameter below 20 nm and present as metallic,oxide,or carbide phase(s)according to the element M.These materials were characterized by different physicochemical techniques and electrochemical tests.Their performances as supercapacitors are discussed in light of the specific behaviour of the metal-based phase and its influence on the carbon matrix properties such as mesopore formation and carbon graphitization.An asymmetric energy storage cell assembled with a Fe-based carbon electrode against a carbon xerogel electrode derived from a phenolic resin shows specific energy and power of 18.3 Wh kg^(−1)at 5 mA cm^(−2)and 1.6 kW kg^(−1)at 25 mA cm^(−2),respectively.
基金in part General Research Funds(Project No.:14300120 and 14300221,Hong Kong SAR,China)via the Research Matching Grant Scheme from the Research Grants Council(RGC,China)+1 种基金the Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicinea Vice Chancellor Discretionary Fund from The Chinese University of Hong Kong(CUHK)。
文摘Inflammatory diseases are key contributors to high mortality globally and adversely affect the quality of life.Current treatments include corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories that may cause systemic toxicity and biologics that may increase the risk of infection.Composite nanoparticles that bear not only the drug payload but also targeting ligands for delivery to inflammation sites at lowered systemic toxicity are established in the nanomedicine field,but their relatively large size often leads to systemic clearance.Metal-based nanoparticles with intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties represent attractive alternatives.They are not only designed to be compact for crossing biological barriers(with the nanoparticle serving as a dual carrier and drug),but also support label-free tracking of their interactions with cells.The review commences with an outline of the common inflammatory diseases,inflammatory pathways involved,and conventional drug-loaded nanoparticles for anti-inflammation.Next,the review features the emerging applications of self-therapeutic metal-based nanoparticles(e.g.,gold,coper oxide,platinum,ceria,and zinc oxide)for managing inflammatory diseases in animals over the past three years,focusing on therapeutic outcomes and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.The review concludes with an outlook on the biodistribution,long-term toxicity,and clinical translation of self-therapeutic metalbased nanoparticles.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(grant No.2017YFA0205201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.81801817,81901876,and U1705281)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant Nos.20720190088 and 20720200019)Fujian Undergraduate Training Program for Inno-vation and Entrepreneurship(grant Nos.201812631010,JT180649,and HXJB-08)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China(grant No.NCET-13-0502).
文摘Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most prominent cause of disability and mortality in the world. Although there have been a variety of therapeutic options for the management of CVDs, most of the traditional therapeutic strategies could not sufficiently stop or reduce the progression of these diseases and may result in some side effects. With the advance in nanotechnology, a number of metal-based nanoparticles have been developed and shown promising potentials in the treatment of CVDs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of researches on recent development of metal-based nanoparticles in diagnosis and therapy in CVDs as biomedical materials. We also discuss the challenges in the clinical translation and potential risks in their application of CVD therapy. Based on the ongoing research and applications, we can conclude metal-based nanoparticles are expected to become potential therapeutics for the treatment of CVDs. But their application is still in its infancy and much more efforts should be made to enforce a clinical breakthrough.
