Conventional 3D metal printings are generally time-consuming as well as lacking of high performance printable inks.From an alternative way,here we proposed the method of liquid phase 3D printing for quickly making con...Conventional 3D metal printings are generally time-consuming as well as lacking of high performance printable inks.From an alternative way,here we proposed the method of liquid phase 3D printing for quickly making conductive metal objects.Through introducing metal alloys whose melting point is slightly above room temperature as printing inks,several representative structures spanning from one,two and three dimension to more complex patterns were demonstrated to be quickly fabricated.Compared with the air-cooling in a conventional 3D printing,the liquid-phase-manufacturing offers a much higher cooling rate and thus significantly improves the speed in fabricating the target metal objects.This unique strategy also efficiently prevents the liquid metal inks from air oxidation,which is hard to avoid otherwise in an ordinary 3D printing.The key physical factors(such as properties of the cooling fluid,air pressure within the syringe barrel and needle diameter,types and properties of the printing ink)and several interesting intermediate fluids interaction phenomena between liquid metal and conventional cooling fluids such as water or ethanol,which evidently affecting the printing quality,were disclosed.In addition,a basic route to make future liquid phase 3D printer incorporated with both syringe pump and needle arrays was also suggested.The liquid phase 3D printing,which owns potential values not available in a conventional method,opens an efficient way for quickly making conductive metal objects in the coming time.展开更多
The Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coating containing RE was acquired by the technique of vacuum melting on the hypoeutectoid steel (Fe-0.45%C) matrix. By X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDX, the microstructure and phase stru...The Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coating containing RE was acquired by the technique of vacuum melting on the hypoeutectoid steel (Fe-0.45%C) matrix. By X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDX, the microstructure and phase structure of section of coating and the microstructure near the interface between coating and matrix were investigated, and the effect of RE on microstructure of coating was also discussed. The results show that the microstructure of the NiCrBSi alloy coating is composed of Ni-based solid solution and a lot of massive, globular and needle secondary phases CrB, Ni_3B, Cr_7C_3, Cr_(23)C_6 among the solid solution. The metallurgical binding between steel matrix and coating is realized. RE makes needle phase of alloy coating vanish. New phases of NiB and Cr_(6.5)Ni_(2.5)Si are precipitated from alloy coating, and secondary phases of alloy coating are sphericized. Consequently, RE also hinders the diffusion of Ni, Cr and Si atoms from coating to matrix and Fe atoms from matrix to coating, holds back the dilution of Fe for NiCrBSi alloy coating, and assures the chemical composition of the alloy coating.展开更多
A thermal lattice Boltzmann model is developed for the melting process of phase change material (PCM) embedded in open-cell metal foams. Natural convection in the melt PCM is considered. Under the condition of local t...A thermal lattice Boltzmann model is developed for the melting process of phase change material (PCM) embedded in open-cell metal foams. Natural convection in the melt PCM is considered. Under the condition of local thermal non-equilibrium between the metal matrix and PCM, two evolution equations of temperature distribution function are pre-sented through selecting an equilibrium distribution function and a nonlinear source term properly. The enthalpy-based method is employed to copy with phase change problem. Melting process in a cavity of the metal foams is simulated using the present model. The melting front locations and the temperature distributions in the metal foams filled with PCM are obtained by the lattice Boltzmann method. The effects of the porosity and pore size on the melting are also investigated and discussed. The re-sults indicate that the effects of foam porosity play important roles in the overall heat transfer. For the lower porosity foams, the melting rate is comparatively greater than the higher porosity foams, due to greater heat conduction from metal foam with high heat conductivity. The foam pore size has a limited effect on the melting rate due to two counteracting effects between conduction and convection heat transfer.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KGZD-EW-T04)
文摘Conventional 3D metal printings are generally time-consuming as well as lacking of high performance printable inks.From an alternative way,here we proposed the method of liquid phase 3D printing for quickly making conductive metal objects.Through introducing metal alloys whose melting point is slightly above room temperature as printing inks,several representative structures spanning from one,two and three dimension to more complex patterns were demonstrated to be quickly fabricated.Compared with the air-cooling in a conventional 3D printing,the liquid-phase-manufacturing offers a much higher cooling rate and thus significantly improves the speed in fabricating the target metal objects.This unique strategy also efficiently prevents the liquid metal inks from air oxidation,which is hard to avoid otherwise in an ordinary 3D printing.The key physical factors(such as properties of the cooling fluid,air pressure within the syringe barrel and needle diameter,types and properties of the printing ink)and several interesting intermediate fluids interaction phenomena between liquid metal and conventional cooling fluids such as water or ethanol,which evidently affecting the printing quality,were disclosed.In addition,a basic route to make future liquid phase 3D printer incorporated with both syringe pump and needle arrays was also suggested.The liquid phase 3D printing,which owns potential values not available in a conventional method,opens an efficient way for quickly making conductive metal objects in the coming time.
文摘The Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coating containing RE was acquired by the technique of vacuum melting on the hypoeutectoid steel (Fe-0.45%C) matrix. By X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDX, the microstructure and phase structure of section of coating and the microstructure near the interface between coating and matrix were investigated, and the effect of RE on microstructure of coating was also discussed. The results show that the microstructure of the NiCrBSi alloy coating is composed of Ni-based solid solution and a lot of massive, globular and needle secondary phases CrB, Ni_3B, Cr_7C_3, Cr_(23)C_6 among the solid solution. The metallurgical binding between steel matrix and coating is realized. RE makes needle phase of alloy coating vanish. New phases of NiB and Cr_(6.5)Ni_(2.5)Si are precipitated from alloy coating, and secondary phases of alloy coating are sphericized. Consequently, RE also hinders the diffusion of Ni, Cr and Si atoms from coating to matrix and Fe atoms from matrix to coating, holds back the dilution of Fe for NiCrBSi alloy coating, and assures the chemical composition of the alloy coating.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 50776015)the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period of China (Grant No 2008BAJ13B04)
文摘A thermal lattice Boltzmann model is developed for the melting process of phase change material (PCM) embedded in open-cell metal foams. Natural convection in the melt PCM is considered. Under the condition of local thermal non-equilibrium between the metal matrix and PCM, two evolution equations of temperature distribution function are pre-sented through selecting an equilibrium distribution function and a nonlinear source term properly. The enthalpy-based method is employed to copy with phase change problem. Melting process in a cavity of the metal foams is simulated using the present model. The melting front locations and the temperature distributions in the metal foams filled with PCM are obtained by the lattice Boltzmann method. The effects of the porosity and pore size on the melting are also investigated and discussed. The re-sults indicate that the effects of foam porosity play important roles in the overall heat transfer. For the lower porosity foams, the melting rate is comparatively greater than the higher porosity foams, due to greater heat conduction from metal foam with high heat conductivity. The foam pore size has a limited effect on the melting rate due to two counteracting effects between conduction and convection heat transfer.
