Objective:To determine the in-vitro effect of the total alkaloid extract of Peganum(P.)harmala seeds on ram epididymal sperm.Methods:Semen was divided into six groups according to the following concentrations of the P...Objective:To determine the in-vitro effect of the total alkaloid extract of Peganum(P.)harmala seeds on ram epididymal sperm.Methods:Semen was divided into six groups according to the following concentrations of the P.harmala total alkaloids:1,5,10,50,and 100μg/mL,and the control group.The samples were incubated at ambient temperature(21℃-24℃)for 24 h,and analyzed in terms of motility,membrane integrity,and oxidative status.Results:The sperm kinematic parameters,i.e.straight-line velocity,curvilinear velocity,average path velocity,were significantly higher when treated with P.harmala at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10μg/mL compared to the control group(P<0.05).In addtion,the highest amplitude of the lateral head displacement value was found in the groups treated with concentrations 1 and 5μg/mL of P.harmala compared to the control group(P<0.05).Total and progressive motilities showed that the extracts at 1,5,and 10μg/mL exhibited a high percentage after 24 h of incubation.The effect of P.harmala extracts on the membrane integrity of ram epididymal sperm was concentration-dependent and significantly different compared to the control group(P<0.05).Non-significantly lower lipid peroxidation levels were observed after 24 h of incubation of ram epididymal sperm treated with concentrations 1,5,and 10μg/mL of P.harmala extracts compared to the control group(P>0.05).Conclusions:Low concentrations(1-10μg/mL)of P.harmala extracts stimulate sperm motility,preserve membrane integrity and protect ram spermatozoa from lipid peroxidation.展开更多
Volatile organic chloramines are reported as the disinfection byproducts during chlorination or chloramination.However,ClO2,as an important alternative disinfectant for chlorine,was not considered to produce halogenat...Volatile organic chloramines are reported as the disinfection byproducts during chlorination or chloramination.However,ClO2,as an important alternative disinfectant for chlorine,was not considered to produce halogenated amines.In the present work,volatile organic chloramines including(CH3)2 NCl and CH3 NCl2 were found to be generated during the reaction of ClO2 and the dye pollutants.(CH3)2 NCl was the dominant volatile DBP to result from ClO2 treated all four dye pollutants including Methyl Orange,Methyl Red,Methylene Blue and Malachite Green,with molar yields ranging from 2.6%to 38.5%at a ClO2 to precursor(ClO2/P)molar ratio of 10.HOCl was identified and proved to be the reactive species for the formation of(CH3)2 NCl,which implied(CH3)2 NCl was transformed by a combined oxidation of ClO2 and hypochlorous acid.(CH3)2 NCl concentrations in the ppb range were observed when real water samples were treated by ClO2 in the presence of the dye pollutants.The results suggest that these azo dyes are one of the significant precursors for the formation of HOCl during ClO2 treatment and that organic chloramines should be considered in ClO2 disinfection chemistry and water treatment.展开更多
文摘Objective:To determine the in-vitro effect of the total alkaloid extract of Peganum(P.)harmala seeds on ram epididymal sperm.Methods:Semen was divided into six groups according to the following concentrations of the P.harmala total alkaloids:1,5,10,50,and 100μg/mL,and the control group.The samples were incubated at ambient temperature(21℃-24℃)for 24 h,and analyzed in terms of motility,membrane integrity,and oxidative status.Results:The sperm kinematic parameters,i.e.straight-line velocity,curvilinear velocity,average path velocity,were significantly higher when treated with P.harmala at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10μg/mL compared to the control group(P<0.05).In addtion,the highest amplitude of the lateral head displacement value was found in the groups treated with concentrations 1 and 5μg/mL of P.harmala compared to the control group(P<0.05).Total and progressive motilities showed that the extracts at 1,5,and 10μg/mL exhibited a high percentage after 24 h of incubation.The effect of P.harmala extracts on the membrane integrity of ram epididymal sperm was concentration-dependent and significantly different compared to the control group(P<0.05).Non-significantly lower lipid peroxidation levels were observed after 24 h of incubation of ram epididymal sperm treated with concentrations 1,5,and 10μg/mL of P.harmala extracts compared to the control group(P>0.05).Conclusions:Low concentrations(1-10μg/mL)of P.harmala extracts stimulate sperm motility,preserve membrane integrity and protect ram spermatozoa from lipid peroxidation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21377164,21507159)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(Nos.2018QC200 and 2015QC091)。
文摘Volatile organic chloramines are reported as the disinfection byproducts during chlorination or chloramination.However,ClO2,as an important alternative disinfectant for chlorine,was not considered to produce halogenated amines.In the present work,volatile organic chloramines including(CH3)2 NCl and CH3 NCl2 were found to be generated during the reaction of ClO2 and the dye pollutants.(CH3)2 NCl was the dominant volatile DBP to result from ClO2 treated all four dye pollutants including Methyl Orange,Methyl Red,Methylene Blue and Malachite Green,with molar yields ranging from 2.6%to 38.5%at a ClO2 to precursor(ClO2/P)molar ratio of 10.HOCl was identified and proved to be the reactive species for the formation of(CH3)2 NCl,which implied(CH3)2 NCl was transformed by a combined oxidation of ClO2 and hypochlorous acid.(CH3)2 NCl concentrations in the ppb range were observed when real water samples were treated by ClO2 in the presence of the dye pollutants.The results suggest that these azo dyes are one of the significant precursors for the formation of HOCl during ClO2 treatment and that organic chloramines should be considered in ClO2 disinfection chemistry and water treatment.
