To study the compaction law and overpressure evolution in deepwater shallow sediments, a large-strain compaction model that considers material nonlinearity and moving boundary is formulated. The model considers the de...To study the compaction law and overpressure evolution in deepwater shallow sediments, a large-strain compaction model that considers material nonlinearity and moving boundary is formulated. The model considers the dependence of permeability and material properties on void ratio. The modified Cam-Clay model is selected as the constitutive relations of the sediments, and the deactivation/reactivation method is used to capture the moving top surface during the deposition process. A one-dimensional model is used to study the compaction law of the shallow sediments. Results show that the settlement of the shallow sediments is large under their own weight during compaction. The void ratio decreases strictly with burial depth and decreases more quickly near the seafloor than in the deeper layers. The generation of abnormal pressure in the shallow flow sands is closely related to the compaction law of shallow sediments. The two main factors that affect the generation of overpressure in the sands are deposition rate and permeability of overlying clay sediments. Overpressure increases with an increase in deposition rate and a decrease in the permeability of the overlying clay sediment. Moreover, an upper limit for the overpressure exists. A two-dimensional model is used to study the differential compaction of the shallow sediments. The pore pressure will still increase due to the inflow of the pore fluid from the neighboring clay sediment even though the deposition process is interrupted.展开更多
为评估农业机械作业对大豆产量的影响,本文开展不同机型、不同压实次数的拖拉机压实试验,获取不同压实环境中的土壤物理性质和大豆产量数据,分别从影响大豆产量的机械因素、土壤因素和复合因素出发,使用多元线性回归(Multiple linear re...为评估农业机械作业对大豆产量的影响,本文开展不同机型、不同压实次数的拖拉机压实试验,获取不同压实环境中的土壤物理性质和大豆产量数据,分别从影响大豆产量的机械因素、土壤因素和复合因素出发,使用多元线性回归(Multiple linear regression,MLR)、随机森林(Random forest,RF)、自适应增强模型(Adaptive boosting,AdaBoost)、人工神经网络(Artificial neural network,ANN)4种机器学习算法建立大豆产量影响预测模型,对模型性能及模型特征重要性进行综合分析。研究结果表明,机械作业与大豆产量间关系复杂,集成学习算法(AdaBoost和RF)所建立的模型具有更好的拟合效果,模型决定系数更高;利用复合因素对大豆产量建立的模型拟合度最高,其次为机械因素和土壤因素,其中基于AdaBoost的复合因素对大豆产量影响模型其拟合程度最优,其R2为0.92,MAE为1.33%,RMSE为1.86%;机械因素、土壤因素都会影响大豆产量,其中机械压实次数以及表层和亚表层的土壤坚实度为影响大豆产量的重要因素,在实际生产中可通过减少机械作业次数、疏松表层及亚表层土壤来改善机械压实影响。展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2015 CB25 1201)NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers (No. U1606401)Key Science & Technology Foundation of Sanya (Nos. 2017PT13 and 2017PT14)
文摘To study the compaction law and overpressure evolution in deepwater shallow sediments, a large-strain compaction model that considers material nonlinearity and moving boundary is formulated. The model considers the dependence of permeability and material properties on void ratio. The modified Cam-Clay model is selected as the constitutive relations of the sediments, and the deactivation/reactivation method is used to capture the moving top surface during the deposition process. A one-dimensional model is used to study the compaction law of the shallow sediments. Results show that the settlement of the shallow sediments is large under their own weight during compaction. The void ratio decreases strictly with burial depth and decreases more quickly near the seafloor than in the deeper layers. The generation of abnormal pressure in the shallow flow sands is closely related to the compaction law of shallow sediments. The two main factors that affect the generation of overpressure in the sands are deposition rate and permeability of overlying clay sediments. Overpressure increases with an increase in deposition rate and a decrease in the permeability of the overlying clay sediment. Moreover, an upper limit for the overpressure exists. A two-dimensional model is used to study the differential compaction of the shallow sediments. The pore pressure will still increase due to the inflow of the pore fluid from the neighboring clay sediment even though the deposition process is interrupted.
