The gastrointestinal(GI) barrier serves a critical role in survival and overall health of animals and humans. Several layers of barrier defense mechanisms are provided by the epithelial, immune and enteric nervous sys...The gastrointestinal(GI) barrier serves a critical role in survival and overall health of animals and humans. Several layers of barrier defense mechanisms are provided by the epithelial, immune and enteric nervous systems. Together they act in concert to control normal gut functions(e.g., digestion,absorption, secretion, immunity, etc.) whereas at the same time provide a barrier from the hostile conditions in the luminal environment. Breakdown of these critical GI functions is a central pathophysiological mechanism in the most serious GI disorders in pigs. This review will focus on the development and functional properties of the GI barrier in pigs and how common early life production stressors, such as weaning, can alter immediate and long-term barrier function and disease susceptibility.Specific stress-related pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for driving GI barrier dysfunction induced by weaning and the implications to animal health and performance will be discussed.展开更多
Since the discovery of mast cells (MCs) in 1878, MCs have long been recognised to be the key effector cells in allergic reactions. However, little is known about their roles in defending microorganisms. In this review...Since the discovery of mast cells (MCs) in 1878, MCs have long been recognised to be the key effector cells in allergic reactions. However, little is known about their roles in defending microorganisms. In this review, the recent research progress in the roles of MCs, in the body defence against bacterial and viral infection, in pathogen recognition mechanisms and in inflammatory mediator release are discussed.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health HD072968Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2017-67015-26673 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture
文摘The gastrointestinal(GI) barrier serves a critical role in survival and overall health of animals and humans. Several layers of barrier defense mechanisms are provided by the epithelial, immune and enteric nervous systems. Together they act in concert to control normal gut functions(e.g., digestion,absorption, secretion, immunity, etc.) whereas at the same time provide a barrier from the hostile conditions in the luminal environment. Breakdown of these critical GI functions is a central pathophysiological mechanism in the most serious GI disorders in pigs. This review will focus on the development and functional properties of the GI barrier in pigs and how common early life production stressors, such as weaning, can alter immediate and long-term barrier function and disease susceptibility.Specific stress-related pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for driving GI barrier dysfunction induced by weaning and the implications to animal health and performance will be discussed.
文摘Since the discovery of mast cells (MCs) in 1878, MCs have long been recognised to be the key effector cells in allergic reactions. However, little is known about their roles in defending microorganisms. In this review, the recent research progress in the roles of MCs, in the body defence against bacterial and viral infection, in pathogen recognition mechanisms and in inflammatory mediator release are discussed.
