The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of different machine-harvested cotton-planting patterns on defoliation,yield,and fiber quality in cotton and to provide support for improving the quality of machine-h...The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of different machine-harvested cotton-planting patterns on defoliation,yield,and fiber quality in cotton and to provide support for improving the quality of machine-harvested cotton.In the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons,the Xinluzao 45(XLZ45)and Xinluzao 62(XLZ62)cultivars,which are primarily cultivated in northern Xinjiang,were used as study materials.Conventional wide-narrow row(WNR),wide and ultra-narrow row(UNR),wide-row spacing with high density(HWR),and wide-row spacing with low density(LWR)planting patterns were used to assess the effects of planting patterns on defoliation,yield,and fiber quality.Compared with WNR,the seed cotton yields were significantly decreased by 2.06–5.48%for UNR and by 2.50–6.99%for LWR,respectively.The main cause of reduced yield was a reduction in bolls per unit area.The variation in HWR yield was–1.07–1.07%with reduced bolls per unit area and increased boll weight,thus demonstrating stable production.In terms of fiber quality indicators,the planting patterns only showed significant effects on the micronaire value,with wide-row spacing patterns showing an increase in the micronaire values.The defoliation and boll-opening results showed that the number of leaves and dried leaves in HWR was the lowest among the four planting patterns.Prior to the application of defoliating agent and before machine-harvesting,the numbers of leaves per individual plant in HWR were decreased by 14.45 and 25.00%on average,respectively,compared with WNR,while the number of leaves per unit area was decreased by 27.44 and 36.21%on average,respectively.The rates of boll-opening and defoliation in HWR were the highest.Specifically,the boll-opening rate before defoliation and machine-harvesting in HWR was 44.54 and 5.94%higher on average than in WNR,while the defoliation rate prior to machine-harvesting was 3.45%higher on average than in WNR.The numbers of ineffective defoliated leaves and leaf trash in HWR were the lowest,decreased by 33.40 and 32.43展开更多
Machine harvesting increases the foreign matter content of seed cotton. Excessive cleaning causes fiber damage and economic loss. Most trading companies in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China have indicated re...Machine harvesting increases the foreign matter content of seed cotton. Excessive cleaning causes fiber damage and economic loss. Most trading companies in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China have indicated reluctance to use machine-harvested cotton. The first objective was to determine how the fiber quality was affected by the ginning and lint cleaning and how the fiber damage during levels of lint cleaning changed. The second objective was to determine the optimum number of lint cleaners for machine-harvested cotton based on fiber damage. Cotton samples were collected from 13 fields and processed in seven ginneries between 2013 and 2015. The results indicated that ginning and lint cleaning didn＇t have significant effect on fiber strength and significantly affected both fiber length and short fiber index. Fiber length was reduced by more than 1.00 mm from six of 13 fields after lint cleaning, then the damage rate on short fiber index from 11 of 13 fields was more than 20%. The third lint cleaning caused great fiber damage, reducing fiber length by 0.35 mm and increasing short fiber index by 0.65%. So, the lint should be cleaned by one lint cleaner in the Xinjiang, however, the stage of lint cleaning was sometimes omitted when the foreign matter content of lint was little.展开更多
In view of the unclear understanding of the basic scientific problems such as the rheological mechanism of seed cotton,especially the lack of research on the creep characteristics of seed cotton,the machine-harvested ...In view of the unclear understanding of the basic scientific problems such as the rheological mechanism of seed cotton,especially the lack of research on the creep characteristics of seed cotton,the machine-harvested seed cotton in the Xinjiang region was taken as the research object to find out the compression creep characteristics.The universal material testing machine was used to carry out a one-factor creep test,taking moisture content,feed quality,compression times,and trash content as test factors and instantaneous elastic modulus,hysteretic elastic modulus,viscosity coefficient,and delay time as test indicators.The ANOVA and correlation were analyzed by SPSS,and the creep process of the seed cotton was simulated by ADAMS.Results show that moisture content significantly affects the instantaneous elastic modulus,hysteretic elastic modulus,and viscosity coefficient(p<0.01).In addition,each value of which decreases with the increase in moisture content.Feed quality significantly affects the hysteretic elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient(p<0.05).Moreover,the hysteretic elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient increase with the increase in feed quality.The compression times significantly influence the instantaneous elastic modulus,hysteretic elastic modulus,and viscosity coefficient(p<0.01),each value of which increases with the increase of compression times.Furthermore,the trash content significantly influenced the hysteretic elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient(p<0.05).The absolute error between the simulated and experimental values ek is within−0.011-0.030 mm,and the relative errorφk is less than 7%.The experimental results can provide theoretical and data support for the study of rheological characteristics of machine-harvested seed cotton,the design of seed cotton packing devices,and the molding quality of cotton bale(mold).展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of DPC chemical controlling technique on agronomic traits, yield and quality of machine-harvested cotton in the Yellow River Valley of China, and clarify the reasonab...[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of DPC chemical controlling technique on agronomic traits, yield and quality of machine-harvested cotton in the Yellow River Valley of China, and clarify the reasonable control period and the application amount of DPC. [Method] The new machine-harvested cotton variety Hengmian HD008 was used as the test material, and 3 different DPC treatments were set. [Result] DPC significantly reduced plant height and branch length, reduced branch angle and leaf area, so the rational control can effectively shape the ideal plant type of machine-harvested cotton. DPC had significant effects on yield and yield components, and the proper amount of DPC could increase the number of bolls during hot days, the number bolls in autumn and the total number of bolls. It increased the boll weight and seed index, but decreased lint percentage decreased, and proper amount of DPC could increase the yield. DPC significantly increased the specific breaking strength of fibers, and proper control could improve the uniformity of fibers, but other indexes had no significant influence. [Conclusion] According to the requirements of machine harvest to the agronomic traits of cotton and the growth characteristics of cotton plant, chemical control could begin after floral bud emergence in cotton about every 10 d, and the spraying amount can be controlled according to the growth amount of the main stem. The daily growth amount of plant height should be controlled at 1.5-1.8 cm, and the plant height should be within 75-90 cm.展开更多
【目的】各大棉区的公检数量增加迅速,全面覆盖了我国主要棉花主产区。分析自公证检验以来新疆棉区棉花纤维品质变化,了解我国主要棉区棉花纤维品质的整体状况及发展趋势,为育种及相关决策提供参考。【方法】以2006~2013年我国棉花纤维...【目的】各大棉区的公检数量增加迅速,全面覆盖了我国主要棉花主产区。分析自公证检验以来新疆棉区棉花纤维品质变化,了解我国主要棉区棉花纤维品质的整体状况及发展趋势,为育种及相关决策提供参考。【方法】以2006~2013年我国棉花纤维公证检验检测的纤维品质为研究对象,划分不同区域进行分析。【结果】随着国储政策的深入实施,八年来,我国棉花纤维长度、比强度整体呈现下降趋势,年均下降0.1 mm和0.16 c N/tex。新疆地方棉区纤维长度优于内地和新疆兵团棉区,年际间分别较二者高0.2~0.3 mm和0.3~0.6 mm,〉28 mm长度级范围内新疆地方棉区棉花所占比显著高于内地及兵团;在纤维比强度方面,全国平均、新疆地方与兵团年均下降0.16、0.28、0.32 c N/tex。近三年来强度中上水平（〉29 c N/tex）皮棉所占比例明显下降,表现为内地棉区占比较高,新疆地方棉区次之、兵团最低;在纤维整齐度方面,全国平均、新疆棉区总体呈现下降趋势,新疆地方棉花优于内地和兵团;在马克隆值方面,表现出A级所占比整体下滑、B级微升、C级逐年增加趋势。【结论】新疆棉区棉花主要纤维品质下降严重,应启动优质手采、机采棉新品种培育及推广。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560342)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, China (2016AA001-2)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0201900)
文摘The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of different machine-harvested cotton-planting patterns on defoliation,yield,and fiber quality in cotton and to provide support for improving the quality of machine-harvested cotton.In the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons,the Xinluzao 45(XLZ45)and Xinluzao 62(XLZ62)cultivars,which are primarily cultivated in northern Xinjiang,were used as study materials.Conventional wide-narrow row(WNR),wide and ultra-narrow row(UNR),wide-row spacing with high density(HWR),and wide-row spacing with low density(LWR)planting patterns were used to assess the effects of planting patterns on defoliation,yield,and fiber quality.Compared with WNR,the seed cotton yields were significantly decreased by 2.06–5.48%for UNR and by 2.50–6.99%for LWR,respectively.The main cause of reduced yield was a reduction in bolls per unit area.The variation in HWR yield was–1.07–1.07%with reduced bolls per unit area and increased boll weight,thus demonstrating stable production.In terms of fiber quality indicators,the planting patterns only showed significant effects on the micronaire value,with wide-row spacing patterns showing an increase in the micronaire values.The defoliation and boll-opening results showed that the number of leaves and dried leaves in HWR was the lowest among the four planting patterns.Prior to the application of defoliating agent and before machine-harvesting,the numbers of leaves per individual plant in HWR were decreased by 14.45 and 25.00%on average,respectively,compared with WNR,while the number of leaves per unit area was decreased by 27.44 and 36.21%on average,respectively.The rates of boll-opening and defoliation in HWR were the highest.Specifically,the boll-opening rate before defoliation and machine-harvesting in HWR was 44.54 and 5.94%higher on average than in WNR,while the defoliation rate prior to machine-harvesting was 3.45%higher on average than in WNR.The numbers of ineffective defoliated leaves and leaf trash in HWR were the lowest,decreased by 33.40 and 32.43
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2014BAD09B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560366)
文摘Machine harvesting increases the foreign matter content of seed cotton. Excessive cleaning causes fiber damage and economic loss. Most trading companies in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China have indicated reluctance to use machine-harvested cotton. The first objective was to determine how the fiber quality was affected by the ginning and lint cleaning and how the fiber damage during levels of lint cleaning changed. The second objective was to determine the optimum number of lint cleaners for machine-harvested cotton based on fiber damage. Cotton samples were collected from 13 fields and processed in seven ginneries between 2013 and 2015. The results indicated that ginning and lint cleaning didn＇t have significant effect on fiber strength and significantly affected both fiber length and short fiber index. Fiber length was reduced by more than 1.00 mm from six of 13 fields after lint cleaning, then the damage rate on short fiber index from 11 of 13 fields was more than 20%. The third lint cleaning caused great fiber damage, reducing fiber length by 0.35 mm and increasing short fiber index by 0.65%. So, the lint should be cleaned by one lint cleaner in the Xinjiang, however, the stage of lint cleaning was sometimes omitted when the foreign matter content of lint was little.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51605314,No.51805338,and No.32260435)Major Science and Technology Projects of the Corps(Grant No.2018AA008)+2 种基金Project of the Corps’Key Area Innovation Team Building Program(Grant No.2019CB006)Shihezi University Young Innovative Talents Project(Grant No.CXPY202120)Postgraduate Research Innovation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.XJ2021G114).
文摘In view of the unclear understanding of the basic scientific problems such as the rheological mechanism of seed cotton,especially the lack of research on the creep characteristics of seed cotton,the machine-harvested seed cotton in the Xinjiang region was taken as the research object to find out the compression creep characteristics.The universal material testing machine was used to carry out a one-factor creep test,taking moisture content,feed quality,compression times,and trash content as test factors and instantaneous elastic modulus,hysteretic elastic modulus,viscosity coefficient,and delay time as test indicators.The ANOVA and correlation were analyzed by SPSS,and the creep process of the seed cotton was simulated by ADAMS.Results show that moisture content significantly affects the instantaneous elastic modulus,hysteretic elastic modulus,and viscosity coefficient(p<0.01).In addition,each value of which decreases with the increase in moisture content.Feed quality significantly affects the hysteretic elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient(p<0.05).Moreover,the hysteretic elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient increase with the increase in feed quality.The compression times significantly influence the instantaneous elastic modulus,hysteretic elastic modulus,and viscosity coefficient(p<0.01),each value of which increases with the increase of compression times.Furthermore,the trash content significantly influenced the hysteretic elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient(p<0.05).The absolute error between the simulated and experimental values ek is within−0.011-0.030 mm,and the relative errorφk is less than 7%.The experimental results can provide theoretical and data support for the study of rheological characteristics of machine-harvested seed cotton,the design of seed cotton packing devices,and the molding quality of cotton bale(mold).
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of the Heibei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(A2015040201)the Cotton Industry Technology System of Hebei Province+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Planning Program of Hebei Province(16226303D)the Financial Program of Hebei Province(F17C10005)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of DPC chemical controlling technique on agronomic traits, yield and quality of machine-harvested cotton in the Yellow River Valley of China, and clarify the reasonable control period and the application amount of DPC. [Method] The new machine-harvested cotton variety Hengmian HD008 was used as the test material, and 3 different DPC treatments were set. [Result] DPC significantly reduced plant height and branch length, reduced branch angle and leaf area, so the rational control can effectively shape the ideal plant type of machine-harvested cotton. DPC had significant effects on yield and yield components, and the proper amount of DPC could increase the number of bolls during hot days, the number bolls in autumn and the total number of bolls. It increased the boll weight and seed index, but decreased lint percentage decreased, and proper amount of DPC could increase the yield. DPC significantly increased the specific breaking strength of fibers, and proper control could improve the uniformity of fibers, but other indexes had no significant influence. [Conclusion] According to the requirements of machine harvest to the agronomic traits of cotton and the growth characteristics of cotton plant, chemical control could begin after floral bud emergence in cotton about every 10 d, and the spraying amount can be controlled according to the growth amount of the main stem. The daily growth amount of plant height should be controlled at 1.5-1.8 cm, and the plant height should be within 75-90 cm.
文摘【目的】各大棉区的公检数量增加迅速,全面覆盖了我国主要棉花主产区。分析自公证检验以来新疆棉区棉花纤维品质变化,了解我国主要棉区棉花纤维品质的整体状况及发展趋势,为育种及相关决策提供参考。【方法】以2006~2013年我国棉花纤维公证检验检测的纤维品质为研究对象,划分不同区域进行分析。【结果】随着国储政策的深入实施,八年来,我国棉花纤维长度、比强度整体呈现下降趋势,年均下降0.1 mm和0.16 c N/tex。新疆地方棉区纤维长度优于内地和新疆兵团棉区,年际间分别较二者高0.2~0.3 mm和0.3~0.6 mm,〉28 mm长度级范围内新疆地方棉区棉花所占比显著高于内地及兵团;在纤维比强度方面,全国平均、新疆地方与兵团年均下降0.16、0.28、0.32 c N/tex。近三年来强度中上水平（〉29 c N/tex）皮棉所占比例明显下降,表现为内地棉区占比较高,新疆地方棉区次之、兵团最低;在纤维整齐度方面,全国平均、新疆棉区总体呈现下降趋势,新疆地方棉花优于内地和兵团;在马克隆值方面,表现出A级所占比整体下滑、B级微升、C级逐年增加趋势。【结论】新疆棉区棉花主要纤维品质下降严重,应启动优质手采、机采棉新品种培育及推广。
