摘要
在北疆大田条件下,以机采棉品种新陆早57号为供试材料,研究不同灌水分配对机采棉光合特性和产量形成的影响。试验设滴灌定额为4 500 m^3/hm^2,3个灌水分配次数分别为10次(D10)、8次(D8)、6次(D6)。结果表明:D6处理头水时间推迟,由非气孔限制因素导致净光合速率的下降,胁迫程度较高,最大光化学效率、光化学猝灭系数、光化学量子产量显著低于其他处理(P<0.05),非光化学淬灭系数明显增加,同时恢复能力较差,地上部分生物量积累受限。盛蕾后充分供水但并没有较高的补偿强度,且蒸腾速率较高,叶片水分利用效率降低。由于D10处理花铃期灌量分配不合理,净光合速率的下降主要受气孔限制因素影响,棉株受到轻度胁迫,吐絮期的灌水有效提高了其光化学猝灭系数,与D6处理差异显著。降低了非光化学淬灭系数,延长了叶片光合功能期,生物量积累偏向营养生长,使其营养器官显著高于其他处理,但生殖器官差异不显著(P>0.05),不利于产量的形成。而D8处理在整个生育期保证了高效的光合生产能力,明显提高了光合物质向生殖器官运移的比例,比D10、D6处理高出21.1%、23.5%,叶片水分利用效率表现最优,且产量与D10差异不显著,但比D6处理显著高647.4 kg/hm^2(P<0.05)。因此在滴灌定额为4 500 m^3/hm^2的条件下,配合D8处理的灌水分配方式,有利于提高叶片光合能力,促进光合物质优先向生殖器官分配,从而获得高产。由此可见,盛蕾前灌头水且增加盛花期后灌溉定额,同时减少吐絮期水分供应,可有效提高叶片光合生产能力,促进光合物质优先向生殖器官运移,实现机采棉节水高产高效。
Due to the unique geographical environment, North of Xinjiang is exceptionally early mature cotton region with short cotton growing season. Therefore, how to achieve efficient allocation of irrigation water saving and high yield efficiency of cotton production in the short growth period has become a key problem in the production of cotton in northern Xinjiang. This study investigated the effects of irrigation treatments on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of machine-harvested cotton. An experiment was carried out in the year of 2015 in Xinjiang Agricultural University Experimental Base （44°39＇N, 86°08% with an altitude of 367 m） of Changji by an single factor randomized block design. Three irrigation times of 10 （D10）, 8 （D8） and 6 （D6） were designed following local experience. The total irrigation quota was 4500 ma/hm^2. The machine-harvested cotton variety of Xinluzao 57 was for the experiment. During the experiment, soil moisture content, photosynthetic parameters, fluorescence parameters and yield formation characteristics were measured. The results showed that the D6 treatment delayed the time of first water, and its stress degree was higher than those of the other treatments. For the D6, the non-stomatal limitation caused the decrease in the net photosynthetic rate, the max photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching coefficient and photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II were also significantly lower than those of the other treatments. Meanwhile, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient was increased dramatically, while the recovery capability was poor, which limited the accumulation of above-ground biomass. Due to unreasonable irrigation water allocation at flowering and fruiting stages in the D10 treatment, the net photosynthetic rate decreased as affected by stomatal limitation factors under light water stress, while photochemical quenching coefficient was improved effectively by irrigation in the boll opening stage. At the same time, leaf photosynthetic funct
作者
李淦
高丽丽
张巨松
Li Gan Gao Lili Zhang Jusong(College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Research Center of Cotton Engineering, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830052, Chin)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期178-185,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家科技支撑计划"棉花高产高效关键技术研究与示范"(2014BAD11B02)
新疆农业大学产学研联合培养研究生示范基地项目(xjaucxy-yjs-20141033)
关键词
灌水
棉花
光合作用
叶绿素荧光
分配
机采棉
产量
irrigation
cotton
photosynthesis
chlorophyll fluorescence
distribution
machine-harvested cotton
yield
