Objective:To explore the aesthetic characteristics of the Chinese children lips.Methods: Frontal and profile photographs of 653 healthy children were categorized as the attractive and the unattractive by three laypers...Objective:To explore the aesthetic characteristics of the Chinese children lips.Methods: Frontal and profile photographs of 653 healthy children were categorized as the attractive and the unattractive by three laypersons and objectively measured for comparison.Results: The attractive group tended to be smaller in the upper paramedian red lip height,the lower paramedian red lip height,the midline upper red lip height,the central bow angle,and the lip angle,while greater in the Cupid’s bow width.Conclusions:Thinner lips seemed to be more attractive than full ones among Chinese children.展开更多
This paper presents the current knowledge about the reconstruction of dinosaur heads. To reconstruct the dinosaur head, several features and functions of the head must be studied, namely osteology, musculature and sof...This paper presents the current knowledge about the reconstruction of dinosaur heads. To reconstruct the dinosaur head, several features and functions of the head must be studied, namely osteology, musculature and soft tissue of the head, cranial kinesis, craniodental biomechanical characteristics, posterior part of the cranium, skin, and others. The main steps and points resulting from the study are the following. Firstly, the osteological remains of the head are studied for reconstruction according to the correct size and form in comparison with known remains belonging to the same family in case the remains were not complete. As the dinosaurs did not have facial muscles, their skin was pressed directly to the skull. The skin covering the large openings in front of the orbits of many dinosaurs probably bulged gently outward, and similarly, the jaw muscles bulged gently from the skull openings. Also, an investigation is performed to decide if sauropods were terrestrial or aquatic animals. Then, the individual characteristics of the head are examined in detail. These concern: 1) endocranial cast and nerves, 2) nostrils position, 3) the existence and kind of cheeks and lips, 4) Teeth types and function, 5) the palate shape and skin covering, 6) hyoid apparatus and tongues, 7) the details of the ear, 8) sclerotic rings and eyes, 9) skin and color. With the knowledge gathered about the various parts of the head in mind, decisions are made about the Amargasaurus (a sauropod) head in order to reconstruct a 3D, actual size head, as a worked example. Finally, the reconstruction procedure is described in detail.展开更多
Single-pulse and double-pulse optical emission spectroscopy （OES） analyses were carried out in air by using ultrashort laser pulses at atmospheric pressure. The aim of this work is to use spectroscopic methods to an...Single-pulse and double-pulse optical emission spectroscopy （OES） analyses were carried out in air by using ultrashort laser pulses at atmospheric pressure. The aim of this work is to use spectroscopic methods to analyze the early phase of laser-induced plasma after the femtosecond laser pulse. The temporal behavior of emission spectra of air plasma has been characterized. In comparison with the single-pulse scheme, the plasma emission obtained in the double-pulse scheme presents a more intense continuum along with several additional ionic lines. As only one line is available in the single-pulse scheme, the plasma temperature measurements were performed using only the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method, whereas the relative line-to-line intensity ratio method and the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method were used simultaneously to estimate the electron temperature in the double-pulse scheme. The results reveal that the temperature values obtained by the two methods in the double-pulse scheme agree. Moreover, this shows that the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method is suitable for early phase of laser-induced plasma diagnostics. The electron number density was estimated using the Stark broadening method. In the early phase of laser-induced plasma, the temporal evolution of the electron number density exhibits a power law decrease with delay time.展开更多
Breast cancer, or malignant breast neoplasm, is a type of cancer that originates from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of the milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. It is one of t...Breast cancer, or malignant breast neoplasm, is a type of cancer that originates from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of the milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. It is one of the most widespread diseases, especially in women. Thus far, large efforts have been towards the early diagnosis of cancer in general, and breast cancer specifically. Most of these techniques deal with malignant tissues without inducing or increasing pathological tissue changes or causing major side effects for the patient. This paper proposes a new technique for diagnosing the presence or occurrence of cancer and assessing its grade early, accurately, and safely. The presented technique depends on the interaction between the laser and the soft tissue in order to induce plasma, and allows us to classify the cancer by studying the difference in the intensity ratio of the trace elements in normal and malignant tissues. The results presented here are show that only four patients out of the total sample of 30 have erroneous trace elements and that this does not affect the overall decision. Hence, the performance of LIPS can be measured as 87%, while retaining 100% accuracy. Furthermore, LIPS technique is a simple and promising technique that is capable of diagnosing malignant cells and tissues.展开更多
Study objective: To establish the safety and efficacy of small-gel particle hyaluronic acid (SGP-HA;Restylane?, Medicis Aesthetics Inc., Scottsdale, AZ) for lip augmentation. Study design: This was a Phase 3, prospect...Study objective: To establish the safety and efficacy of small-gel particle hyaluronic acid (SGP-HA;Restylane?, Medicis Aesthetics Inc., Scottsdale, AZ) for lip augmentation. Study design: This was a Phase 3, prospective, open-label, evaluator-blinded, single-center pilot study of SGP-HA use in lip augmentation. The primary efficacy objectives were to investigate the efficacy of SGP-HA in lip augmentation and to assess subject satisfaction with the procedure 12 weeks after treatment. Secondary efficacy objectives were to validate 3D imaging to measure lip augmentation, identify subject satisfaction at all points in time, and identify the duration of lip augmentation and palpability of SGP-HA in the lips. The primary safety objective was to assess the incidence, duration, and severity of all adverse experiences. Results: All 20 subjects and the treating investigator indicated improvement in the appearance of subjects’ lips at weeks 2, 6, and 12. SGP-HA administered for augmentation was well tolerated. Four (20%) subjects treated with SGP-HA experienced 7 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Conclusions: Results of this study show promising efficacy and an absence of safety issues with the use of SGP-HA in lip augmentation.展开更多
文摘Objective:To explore the aesthetic characteristics of the Chinese children lips.Methods: Frontal and profile photographs of 653 healthy children were categorized as the attractive and the unattractive by three laypersons and objectively measured for comparison.Results: The attractive group tended to be smaller in the upper paramedian red lip height,the lower paramedian red lip height,the midline upper red lip height,the central bow angle,and the lip angle,while greater in the Cupid’s bow width.Conclusions:Thinner lips seemed to be more attractive than full ones among Chinese children.
文摘This paper presents the current knowledge about the reconstruction of dinosaur heads. To reconstruct the dinosaur head, several features and functions of the head must be studied, namely osteology, musculature and soft tissue of the head, cranial kinesis, craniodental biomechanical characteristics, posterior part of the cranium, skin, and others. The main steps and points resulting from the study are the following. Firstly, the osteological remains of the head are studied for reconstruction according to the correct size and form in comparison with known remains belonging to the same family in case the remains were not complete. As the dinosaurs did not have facial muscles, their skin was pressed directly to the skull. The skin covering the large openings in front of the orbits of many dinosaurs probably bulged gently outward, and similarly, the jaw muscles bulged gently from the skull openings. Also, an investigation is performed to decide if sauropods were terrestrial or aquatic animals. Then, the individual characteristics of the head are examined in detail. These concern: 1) endocranial cast and nerves, 2) nostrils position, 3) the existence and kind of cheeks and lips, 4) Teeth types and function, 5) the palate shape and skin covering, 6) hyoid apparatus and tongues, 7) the details of the ear, 8) sclerotic rings and eyes, 9) skin and color. With the knowledge gathered about the various parts of the head in mind, decisions are made about the Amargasaurus (a sauropod) head in order to reconstruct a 3D, actual size head, as a worked example. Finally, the reconstruction procedure is described in detail.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11135002,11075069,91026021 and 11075068)the Scholarship Award for Excellent Doctoral Student Granted by the Ministry of Education of China
文摘Single-pulse and double-pulse optical emission spectroscopy （OES） analyses were carried out in air by using ultrashort laser pulses at atmospheric pressure. The aim of this work is to use spectroscopic methods to analyze the early phase of laser-induced plasma after the femtosecond laser pulse. The temporal behavior of emission spectra of air plasma has been characterized. In comparison with the single-pulse scheme, the plasma emission obtained in the double-pulse scheme presents a more intense continuum along with several additional ionic lines. As only one line is available in the single-pulse scheme, the plasma temperature measurements were performed using only the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method, whereas the relative line-to-line intensity ratio method and the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method were used simultaneously to estimate the electron temperature in the double-pulse scheme. The results reveal that the temperature values obtained by the two methods in the double-pulse scheme agree. Moreover, this shows that the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method is suitable for early phase of laser-induced plasma diagnostics. The electron number density was estimated using the Stark broadening method. In the early phase of laser-induced plasma, the temporal evolution of the electron number density exhibits a power law decrease with delay time.
文摘Breast cancer, or malignant breast neoplasm, is a type of cancer that originates from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of the milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. It is one of the most widespread diseases, especially in women. Thus far, large efforts have been towards the early diagnosis of cancer in general, and breast cancer specifically. Most of these techniques deal with malignant tissues without inducing or increasing pathological tissue changes or causing major side effects for the patient. This paper proposes a new technique for diagnosing the presence or occurrence of cancer and assessing its grade early, accurately, and safely. The presented technique depends on the interaction between the laser and the soft tissue in order to induce plasma, and allows us to classify the cancer by studying the difference in the intensity ratio of the trace elements in normal and malignant tissues. The results presented here are show that only four patients out of the total sample of 30 have erroneous trace elements and that this does not affect the overall decision. Hence, the performance of LIPS can be measured as 87%, while retaining 100% accuracy. Furthermore, LIPS technique is a simple and promising technique that is capable of diagnosing malignant cells and tissues.
文摘Study objective: To establish the safety and efficacy of small-gel particle hyaluronic acid (SGP-HA;Restylane?, Medicis Aesthetics Inc., Scottsdale, AZ) for lip augmentation. Study design: This was a Phase 3, prospective, open-label, evaluator-blinded, single-center pilot study of SGP-HA use in lip augmentation. The primary efficacy objectives were to investigate the efficacy of SGP-HA in lip augmentation and to assess subject satisfaction with the procedure 12 weeks after treatment. Secondary efficacy objectives were to validate 3D imaging to measure lip augmentation, identify subject satisfaction at all points in time, and identify the duration of lip augmentation and palpability of SGP-HA in the lips. The primary safety objective was to assess the incidence, duration, and severity of all adverse experiences. Results: All 20 subjects and the treating investigator indicated improvement in the appearance of subjects’ lips at weeks 2, 6, and 12. SGP-HA administered for augmentation was well tolerated. Four (20%) subjects treated with SGP-HA experienced 7 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Conclusions: Results of this study show promising efficacy and an absence of safety issues with the use of SGP-HA in lip augmentation.
