This paper presents 2.5D scattering of incident plane SH waves by a canyon in layered half-space by the indirect boundary element method (IBEM). The free field response is carried out to give the displacements and str...This paper presents 2.5D scattering of incident plane SH waves by a canyon in layered half-space by the indirect boundary element method (IBEM). The free field response is carried out to give the displacements and stresses on the line which forms boundary of the canyon. The fictitious uniform moving loads are applied to the same line to calculate the Green's functions for the displacements and stresses. The amplitudes of the loads are determined by the boundary conditions. The displacements due to the free field and from the fictitious uniform moving loads have to be added to obtain the whole motion. The numerical results are carried out for the cases of a canyon in homogenous and in one layer over bedrock. The results show that the 2.5D wave scattering problem is essentially different from the 2D case, and there exist distinct differences between the wave amplification by a canyon in layered half-space and that in homogeneous half-space. The reasons for the distinct difference are explored, and the effects of the thickness and stiffness of the layer on the amplification are discussed.展开更多
In order to reduce the cost of Radio Frequency (RF) chains in the spatial multiplexing systems with Vertical-Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) nonlinear receiver, a novel transmit antenna selection cri-terion is ...In order to reduce the cost of Radio Frequency (RF) chains in the spatial multiplexing systems with Vertical-Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) nonlinear receiver, a novel transmit antenna selection cri-terion is proposed with the motivation of minimizing the Vector Symbol Error Rate (VSER). In the proposed scheme, both the number of substreams and the mapping of substreams to antennas are dynamically adjusted based on the knowledge of channel. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed two-step selection criterion outperforms the existing eigenmode based selection criterion by 0.3dB at a VSER of 10?3.展开更多
MIMO-DFE(Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Decision Feedback Equalizer) based receiver architectures are researched recently to detect signals in BLAST(Bell laboratories LAyered Space-Time) over frequency-selective chann...MIMO-DFE(Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Decision Feedback Equalizer) based receiver architectures are researched recently to detect signals in BLAST(Bell laboratories LAyered Space-Time) over frequency-selective channels. Due to their recursive structure, these receivers may suffer from error propagation which results in an overall mean square error degradation. An MIMO-DFE based BLAST receiver with limited error propagation to combat frequencyselective channel is proposed, which employs both norm constraint on feedback filter taps and soft decision device. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver outperforms conventional ones in various frequency selective channels.展开更多
A two and a half dimensional(2.5D)multi-domain indirect boundary element method(IBEM)is developed to study the wave scattering of obliquely incident P-,SV-and SH-waves by a hill-valley staggered topography in a multi-...A two and a half dimensional(2.5D)multi-domain indirect boundary element method(IBEM)is developed to study the wave scattering of obliquely incident P-,SV-and SH-waves by a hill-valley staggered topography in a multi-layered half-space.The IBEM algorithm includes using 2.5D full-space and half-space Green’s functions to construct scattered fields in decomposed closed and opened half-space regions,respectively,and using the dynamic stiffness method to solve the free fields.All regions are finally integrated by introducing the compatibility conditions to obtain the total wave fields.The proposed 2.5D IBEM has the flexibility in dealing with complex boundaries by directly applying the fictitious loads on the regions’boundaries,with a less storage requirement compared to the full 3D models.Besides,by combining the specific advantages of the two kinds of Green’s functions,the method is well suitable for handling coupled topographies with high accuracy.The method is validated by comparison with published results for a single valley as well as a single hill topography.The effects of height-to-width ratio of hill and layering on dynamic responses are further parametrically investigated by numerical implementations in frequency domain.Results show that the interaction between valley and hills can lead to a more significant amplification within the valley region,and dynamic responses are deeply influenced by the height-to-width of hill,simultaneously depending on incident angle and frequency.Besides,the site effects become more complex when the stratification feature is taken into account.展开更多
Vertical layered space-time codes have demonstrated the enormous potential to accommodate rapid flow data. Thus far, vertical layered space-time codes assumed that perfect estimates of current channel fading condition...Vertical layered space-time codes have demonstrated the enormous potential to accommodate rapid flow data. Thus far, vertical layered space-time codes assumed that perfect estimates of current channel fading conditions are available at the receiver. However, increasing the number of transmit antennas increases the required training interval and reduces the available time in which data may be transmitted before the fading coefficients change. In this paper, a vertical layered space-time code is proposed. By applying the subspace method to the layered space-time code, the symbols can be detected without training symbols and channel estimates at the transmitter or the receiver. Monte Carlo simulations show that performance can approach that of the detection method with the knowledge of the channel.展开更多
The indirect boundary element method (IBEM) is used to study the surface motion of an alluvial valley in layered half-space for incident plane P-waves based on Wolf’s theory. Firstly, the free field response can be s...The indirect boundary element method (IBEM) is used to study the surface motion of an alluvial valley in layered half-space for incident plane P-waves based on Wolf’s theory. Firstly, the free field response can be solved by the direct stiffness method, and the scattering wave response is calculated by Green’s functions of distributed loads acting on inclined lines in a layered half-space. The method is verified by comparing its results with literature and numerical analyses are performed by taking the amplification of incident plane P-waves by an alluvial valley in one soil layer resting on bedrock as an example. The results show that there exist distinct differences between the wave amplification by an alluvial valley embedded in layered half-space and that in homogeneous half-space and there is interaction between the valley and the soil layer. The amplitudes are relatively large when incident frequencies are close to the soil layer’s resonant frequencies.展开更多
The paper proposed an improved Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation(OSIC) detection scheme for V-BLAST systems with square/rectangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) modulation.It utilizes an equivalent ...The paper proposed an improved Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation(OSIC) detection scheme for V-BLAST systems with square/rectangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) modulation.It utilizes an equivalent real-valued vector expression of relationship between transmit signals and received signals,exploits the constellation's product-form structure and can eventually make the order,in which components of the transmit signals vector are extracted,more "optimal" in some sense.Thereby,it can offer an improved error probability as compared to the conventional OSIC detection scheme.In addition,the paper also proposes an efficient projection al-gorithm to calculate nulling vectors in a simple recursive fashion in order to avoid the vast increase of complexity,which is due to the fact that the original complex N -dimensional data vector and M×N channel matrix are transformed into a real 2N -dimensional data vector and a real 2M ×2N channel matrix respectively.A scrutinous complexity analysis shows that the complexity increases by only 33% as compared to the conventional scheme.展开更多
An efficient LDPC-coded multi-relay cooperation architecture is proposed based on virtual vertical Bell Labs layered space-time （V-BLAST） processing for uplink communication, where minimum-mean-square-error （MMSE）...An efficient LDPC-coded multi-relay cooperation architecture is proposed based on virtual vertical Bell Labs layered space-time （V-BLAST） processing for uplink communication, where minimum-mean-square-error （MMSE） and BP-based joint iterative decoding based on the introduced muhi-layer Tanner graph are effectively de- signed to detect and decode the corrupted received sequence at the destination. By introducing V-BLAST transmis- sion to the coded multi-relay cooperation, relays send their streams of symbols simultaneously, which increases the data rate and significantly reduces the transmission delay. The theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the new LDPC coded cooperation scheme outperforms the coded non-cooperation under the same code rate, and it also achieves a good trade-off among the performance, signal delay, and the encoding complexity associated with the number of relays. The performance gain can be credited to the proposed V-BLAST processing architecture and BP-based joint iterative decoding by the introduced multi-layer Tanner graph at a receiver-side.展开更多
Focusing on the space-time coded multiuser mobile communication systems in the frequency-selective fading environment, this paper proposes a Vertical Bell labs LAyered Space-Time (V-BLAST) coded Multicarrier Code-Divi...Focusing on the space-time coded multiuser mobile communication systems in the frequency-selective fading environment, this paper proposes a Vertical Bell labs LAyered Space-Time (V-BLAST) coded Multicarrier Code-Division Multiple-Access (MC-CDMA) scheme and its blind channel identification algorithm. This algorithm employs an ESPRIT-like method and the singular value decomposition, and the channels between every transmit antenna of every user and every receive antenna of the base station are blindly estimated with a closed-form solution. Based on it, an equivalent Minimum Mean-Squared Error (MMSE) time-domain multiuser detector is derived. Moreover, the proposed scheme exploits the precoding in the transmitter in order to eliminate the constraint of more receive antennas than transmit ones, required by most conventional V-BLAST codec schemes. Computer simulation results demonstrate the validity of this proposed scheme.展开更多
The conventional transmit antenna selection for Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time (V-BLAST) system is very complex because it needs to compute the inverse of channel matrices time after time. In this paper...The conventional transmit antenna selection for Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time (V-BLAST) system is very complex because it needs to compute the inverse of channel matrices time after time. In this paper, a new group transmit antenna selection scheme for V-BLAST system is proposed. The 1st group transmit antennas are decided according to a certain selection criterion among the available antennas. Then, with Group Interference Suppression (GIS) technology, the interferences of the transmit symbols from the selected antennas can be suppressed. Finally, the 2nd group transmit antennas are decided among the residual available antennas. Simulations show that its performance is lower than that of the conventional selection scheme. However, the new selection scheme has lower complexity than the conventional one.展开更多
A lattice reduction aided (LRA) minimum mean square error (MMSE) Tomlinson-Harashima pre-coding (THP) was proposed based on vertical Bell Labs layered space time (VBLAST) algorithm for multiple input multiple output (...A lattice reduction aided (LRA) minimum mean square error (MMSE) Tomlinson-Harashima pre-coding (THP) was proposed based on vertical Bell Labs layered space time (VBLAST) algorithm for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. The extended channel was used to provide optimal tradeoff between residual interference and noise amplification. The processing based on lattice reduction method helps achieve maximal diversity order. The VBLAST algorithm was applied to get the optimal processing ordering for successive interference cancellation (SIC) at transmitter. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional THP and the LRA zero-forcing (ZF) THP with full diversity order.展开更多
A decoding method complemented by Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection for V-BLAST (Verti- cal Bell Labs Layered Space-Time) system is presented. The ranked layers are divided into several groups. ML decoding is performe...A decoding method complemented by Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection for V-BLAST (Verti- cal Bell Labs Layered Space-Time) system is presented. The ranked layers are divided into several groups. ML decoding is performed jointly for the layers within the same group while the Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE) is performed for groups. Based on the assumption of QPSK modulation and the quasi-static flat fading channel, simulations are made to testify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the algorithm outperforms the original V-BLAST detection dramatically in Symbol Error Probability (SEP) per- formance. Specifically, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) improvement of 3.4dB is obtained for SEP of 10?2 (4×4 case), with a reasonable complexity maintained.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50908156 and 50978183)
文摘This paper presents 2.5D scattering of incident plane SH waves by a canyon in layered half-space by the indirect boundary element method (IBEM). The free field response is carried out to give the displacements and stresses on the line which forms boundary of the canyon. The fictitious uniform moving loads are applied to the same line to calculate the Green's functions for the displacements and stresses. The amplitudes of the loads are determined by the boundary conditions. The displacements due to the free field and from the fictitious uniform moving loads have to be added to obtain the whole motion. The numerical results are carried out for the cases of a canyon in homogenous and in one layer over bedrock. The results show that the 2.5D wave scattering problem is essentially different from the 2D case, and there exist distinct differences between the wave amplification by a canyon in layered half-space and that in homogeneous half-space. The reasons for the distinct difference are explored, and the effects of the thickness and stiffness of the layer on the amplification are discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60372055) and the National High Tech-nology Research and Development (863) Project of China (No.2003AA123320).
文摘In order to reduce the cost of Radio Frequency (RF) chains in the spatial multiplexing systems with Vertical-Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) nonlinear receiver, a novel transmit antenna selection cri-terion is proposed with the motivation of minimizing the Vector Symbol Error Rate (VSER). In the proposed scheme, both the number of substreams and the mapping of substreams to antennas are dynamically adjusted based on the knowledge of channel. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed two-step selection criterion outperforms the existing eigenmode based selection criterion by 0.3dB at a VSER of 10?3.
文摘MIMO-DFE(Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Decision Feedback Equalizer) based receiver architectures are researched recently to detect signals in BLAST(Bell laboratories LAyered Space-Time) over frequency-selective channels. Due to their recursive structure, these receivers may suffer from error propagation which results in an overall mean square error degradation. An MIMO-DFE based BLAST receiver with limited error propagation to combat frequencyselective channel is proposed, which employs both norm constraint on feedback filter taps and soft decision device. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver outperforms conventional ones in various frequency selective channels.
文摘A two and a half dimensional(2.5D)multi-domain indirect boundary element method(IBEM)is developed to study the wave scattering of obliquely incident P-,SV-and SH-waves by a hill-valley staggered topography in a multi-layered half-space.The IBEM algorithm includes using 2.5D full-space and half-space Green’s functions to construct scattered fields in decomposed closed and opened half-space regions,respectively,and using the dynamic stiffness method to solve the free fields.All regions are finally integrated by introducing the compatibility conditions to obtain the total wave fields.The proposed 2.5D IBEM has the flexibility in dealing with complex boundaries by directly applying the fictitious loads on the regions’boundaries,with a less storage requirement compared to the full 3D models.Besides,by combining the specific advantages of the two kinds of Green’s functions,the method is well suitable for handling coupled topographies with high accuracy.The method is validated by comparison with published results for a single valley as well as a single hill topography.The effects of height-to-width ratio of hill and layering on dynamic responses are further parametrically investigated by numerical implementations in frequency domain.Results show that the interaction between valley and hills can lead to a more significant amplification within the valley region,and dynamic responses are deeply influenced by the height-to-width of hill,simultaneously depending on incident angle and frequency.Besides,the site effects become more complex when the stratification feature is taken into account.
基金Partially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation (No.69872029) and the Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No.1999069808) of China
文摘Vertical layered space-time codes have demonstrated the enormous potential to accommodate rapid flow data. Thus far, vertical layered space-time codes assumed that perfect estimates of current channel fading conditions are available at the receiver. However, increasing the number of transmit antennas increases the required training interval and reduces the available time in which data may be transmitted before the fading coefficients change. In this paper, a vertical layered space-time code is proposed. By applying the subspace method to the layered space-time code, the symbols can be detected without training symbols and channel estimates at the transmitter or the receiver. Monte Carlo simulations show that performance can approach that of the detection method with the knowledge of the channel.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50978156 and No. 50908183)
文摘The indirect boundary element method (IBEM) is used to study the surface motion of an alluvial valley in layered half-space for incident plane P-waves based on Wolf’s theory. Firstly, the free field response can be solved by the direct stiffness method, and the scattering wave response is calculated by Green’s functions of distributed loads acting on inclined lines in a layered half-space. The method is verified by comparing its results with literature and numerical analyses are performed by taking the amplification of incident plane P-waves by an alluvial valley in one soil layer resting on bedrock as an example. The results show that there exist distinct differences between the wave amplification by an alluvial valley embedded in layered half-space and that in homogeneous half-space and there is interaction between the valley and the soil layer. The amplitudes are relatively large when incident frequencies are close to the soil layer’s resonant frequencies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60272009,No.60572090,No.60472045 and No.60496313)
文摘The paper proposed an improved Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation(OSIC) detection scheme for V-BLAST systems with square/rectangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) modulation.It utilizes an equivalent real-valued vector expression of relationship between transmit signals and received signals,exploits the constellation's product-form structure and can eventually make the order,in which components of the transmit signals vector are extracted,more "optimal" in some sense.Thereby,it can offer an improved error probability as compared to the conventional OSIC detection scheme.In addition,the paper also proposes an efficient projection al-gorithm to calculate nulling vectors in a simple recursive fashion in order to avoid the vast increase of complexity,which is due to the fact that the original complex N -dimensional data vector and M×N channel matrix are transformed into a real 2N -dimensional data vector and a real 2M ×2N channel matrix respectively.A scrutinous complexity analysis shows that the complexity increases by only 33% as compared to the conventional scheme.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology on Avionics Integration Laboratory and National Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(20105552)
文摘An efficient LDPC-coded multi-relay cooperation architecture is proposed based on virtual vertical Bell Labs layered space-time （V-BLAST） processing for uplink communication, where minimum-mean-square-error （MMSE） and BP-based joint iterative decoding based on the introduced muhi-layer Tanner graph are effectively de- signed to detect and decode the corrupted received sequence at the destination. By introducing V-BLAST transmis- sion to the coded multi-relay cooperation, relays send their streams of symbols simultaneously, which increases the data rate and significantly reduces the transmission delay. The theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the new LDPC coded cooperation scheme outperforms the coded non-cooperation under the same code rate, and it also achieves a good trade-off among the performance, signal delay, and the encoding complexity associated with the number of relays. The performance gain can be credited to the proposed V-BLAST processing architecture and BP-based joint iterative decoding by the introduced multi-layer Tanner graph at a receiver-side.
基金Partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60502022)the Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20020698024, No.20030698027)
文摘Focusing on the space-time coded multiuser mobile communication systems in the frequency-selective fading environment, this paper proposes a Vertical Bell labs LAyered Space-Time (V-BLAST) coded Multicarrier Code-Division Multiple-Access (MC-CDMA) scheme and its blind channel identification algorithm. This algorithm employs an ESPRIT-like method and the singular value decomposition, and the channels between every transmit antenna of every user and every receive antenna of the base station are blindly estimated with a closed-form solution. Based on it, an equivalent Minimum Mean-Squared Error (MMSE) time-domain multiuser detector is derived. Moreover, the proposed scheme exploits the precoding in the transmitter in order to eliminate the constraint of more receive antennas than transmit ones, required by most conventional V-BLAST codec schemes. Computer simulation results demonstrate the validity of this proposed scheme.
文摘The conventional transmit antenna selection for Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time (V-BLAST) system is very complex because it needs to compute the inverse of channel matrices time after time. In this paper, a new group transmit antenna selection scheme for V-BLAST system is proposed. The 1st group transmit antennas are decided according to a certain selection criterion among the available antennas. Then, with Group Interference Suppression (GIS) technology, the interferences of the transmit symbols from the selected antennas can be suppressed. Finally, the 2nd group transmit antennas are decided among the residual available antennas. Simulations show that its performance is lower than that of the conventional selection scheme. However, the new selection scheme has lower complexity than the conventional one.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60772100) The Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai (No. 060215013)
文摘A lattice reduction aided (LRA) minimum mean square error (MMSE) Tomlinson-Harashima pre-coding (THP) was proposed based on vertical Bell Labs layered space time (VBLAST) algorithm for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. The extended channel was used to provide optimal tradeoff between residual interference and noise amplification. The processing based on lattice reduction method helps achieve maximal diversity order. The VBLAST algorithm was applied to get the optimal processing ordering for successive interference cancellation (SIC) at transmitter. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional THP and the LRA zero-forcing (ZF) THP with full diversity order.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60172029).
文摘A decoding method complemented by Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection for V-BLAST (Verti- cal Bell Labs Layered Space-Time) system is presented. The ranked layers are divided into several groups. ML decoding is performed jointly for the layers within the same group while the Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE) is performed for groups. Based on the assumption of QPSK modulation and the quasi-static flat fading channel, simulations are made to testify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the algorithm outperforms the original V-BLAST detection dramatically in Symbol Error Probability (SEP) per- formance. Specifically, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) improvement of 3.4dB is obtained for SEP of 10?2 (4×4 case), with a reasonable complexity maintained.
