： The stability of a novel low-pH alkaline slurry （marked as slurry A, pH = 8.5） for copper chemical mechanical planarization was investigated in this paper. First of all, the stability mechanism of the alkaline sl...： The stability of a novel low-pH alkaline slurry （marked as slurry A, pH = 8.5） for copper chemical mechanical planarization was investigated in this paper. First of all, the stability mechanism of the alkaline slurry was studied. Then many parameters have been tested for researching the stability of the slurry through comparing with a traditional alkaline slurry （marked as slurry B, pH = 9.5）, such as the pH value, particle size and zeta potential. Apart from this, the stability of the copper removal rate, dishing, erosion and surface roughness were also studied. All the results show that the stability of the novel low-pH alkaline slurry is better than the traditional alkaline slurry. The working-life of the novel low-pH alkaline slurry reaches 48 h.展开更多
Using common beans differing greatly in the response to photoperiod and low-phosphorus(P)stress,we investigated their responses to acidity and aluminum(Al)toxicity and the relationship between Al tolerance and organic...Using common beans differing greatly in the response to photoperiod and low-phosphorus(P)stress,we investigated their responses to acidity and aluminum(Al)toxicity and the relationship between Al tolerance and organic acid exudation under Al or low P stress.A genotype Ginshi was found to be sensitive to low pH treatment.When exposed to pH 4.5,serious curvature in the root tips of cv.Ginshi was observed;however,it was completely corrected by the application of 5 or 10μmol/L AlCl 3;increasing calcium(Ca)could ameliorate Al toxicity,but it could not correct root curvature at pH 4.5.Common beans showed significant differences in both root growth and Al tolerance,and the varieties from the Andes were more tolerant to Al toxicity than those from the Mesoamerican origin.In the presence of 50μmol/L AlCl 3,all the common bean genotypes exuded citrate,and a significant difference in the amounts of citrate was observed among genotypes.The genotypes originated in the Mesoamerica tended to release more citrate than other origins in the presence of Al.The P-inefficient genotype DOR364 exuded more citrate than the P-efficient genotype G19833 in the presence of 50μmol/L AlCl 3,whereas no organic acids were detected in root exudates under low-P stress.A reduction of citrate exudation in the DOR364,but a slight increase of citrate exudation in the G19833,was observed under Al stress after they were exposed to 6-d P starvation.These results suggest that different low-P or Al tolerance in common beans might not be associated with organic acid exudation.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Special Project Items NO.2 in National Long-Term Technology Development Plan,China(No.2009ZX02308)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation of China(No.F2012202094)
文摘： The stability of a novel low-pH alkaline slurry （marked as slurry A, pH = 8.5） for copper chemical mechanical planarization was investigated in this paper. First of all, the stability mechanism of the alkaline slurry was studied. Then many parameters have been tested for researching the stability of the slurry through comparing with a traditional alkaline slurry （marked as slurry B, pH = 9.5）, such as the pH value, particle size and zeta potential. Apart from this, the stability of the copper removal rate, dishing, erosion and surface roughness were also studied. All the results show that the stability of the novel low-pH alkaline slurry is better than the traditional alkaline slurry. The working-life of the novel low-pH alkaline slurry reaches 48 h.
文摘Using common beans differing greatly in the response to photoperiod and low-phosphorus(P)stress,we investigated their responses to acidity and aluminum(Al)toxicity and the relationship between Al tolerance and organic acid exudation under Al or low P stress.A genotype Ginshi was found to be sensitive to low pH treatment.When exposed to pH 4.5,serious curvature in the root tips of cv.Ginshi was observed;however,it was completely corrected by the application of 5 or 10μmol/L AlCl 3;increasing calcium(Ca)could ameliorate Al toxicity,but it could not correct root curvature at pH 4.5.Common beans showed significant differences in both root growth and Al tolerance,and the varieties from the Andes were more tolerant to Al toxicity than those from the Mesoamerican origin.In the presence of 50μmol/L AlCl 3,all the common bean genotypes exuded citrate,and a significant difference in the amounts of citrate was observed among genotypes.The genotypes originated in the Mesoamerica tended to release more citrate than other origins in the presence of Al.The P-inefficient genotype DOR364 exuded more citrate than the P-efficient genotype G19833 in the presence of 50μmol/L AlCl 3,whereas no organic acids were detected in root exudates under low-P stress.A reduction of citrate exudation in the DOR364,but a slight increase of citrate exudation in the G19833,was observed under Al stress after they were exposed to 6-d P starvation.These results suggest that different low-P or Al tolerance in common beans might not be associated with organic acid exudation.
