目的分析不同水质对茶类品质的影响,为泡茶用水的选择提供理论依据。方法采用电极法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)分析水质特性,采用感官审评和色差计法分析茶汤色香味品质和L~*a~*b~...目的分析不同水质对茶类品质的影响,为泡茶用水的选择提供理论依据。方法采用电极法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)分析水质特性,采用感官审评和色差计法分析茶汤色香味品质和L~*a~*b~*色泽。结果纯净水p H 6.07,电导率1.06μs/cm,含微量金属离子,泡出的茶汤明亮,香味纯正;山泉水p H 7.42,电导率8.89μs/cm,含丰富的K^+、Na^+、Mg^(2+)和Ca^(2+),泡红茶、乌龙茶和白茶色香味品质最佳,泡绿茶滋味较涩,香气闷;矿泉水p H 6.42,微酸性,电导率17.86μs/cm,含氟化物和Na^+、K^+、Mg^(2+)、Al^(3+)、Fe^(3+)和Ca^(2+),泡出乌龙茶色香味品质最佳;自来水p H 7.63,电导率37.1μs/cm,含氟化物和Na^+、K^+、Mg^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Fe^(3+)和Ca^(2+),冲泡各种茶色香味最差。结论纯净水是泡茶的最佳水源,山泉水和矿泉水更适宜泡发酵茶类,自来水对茶汤品质影响最大。展开更多
In this paper an evaluation of the influence of luminance L* at the L*a*b* color space during color segmentation is presented. A comparative study is made between the behavior of segmentation in color images using onl...In this paper an evaluation of the influence of luminance L* at the L*a*b* color space during color segmentation is presented. A comparative study is made between the behavior of segmentation in color images using only the Euclidean metric of a* and b* and an adaptive color similarity function defined as a product of Gaussian functions in a modified HSI color space. For the evaluation synthetic images were particularly designed to accurately assess the performance of the color segmentation. The testing system can be used either to explore the behavior of a similarity function (or metric) in different color spaces or to explore different metrics (or similarity functions) in the same color space. From the results is obtained that the color parameters a* and b* are not independent of the luminance parameter L* as one might initially assume.展开更多
Color measuring is characterized by high resolution,high efficiency,and low cost. The application becomes increasingly common for tracing sediment sources and climate variation. Borehole LZ908 in the south coastal pla...Color measuring is characterized by high resolution,high efficiency,and low cost. The application becomes increasingly common for tracing sediment sources and climate variation. Borehole LZ908 in the south coastal plain of the Laizhou Bay in northeast China,was used,of which the top 54 m containing all marine facies was focused,to test the feasibility of colorimetry as a climate indi-cator using visible light reflectance spectra and L*a*b*measurement results. The results show a good correction between lightness and calcium carbonate content in marine-terrigenous deposits;therefore,these deposits can be used as a proxy to study climate changes. Factor-analysis on the first derivative values of the raw visible light reflectance spectra produced three principal factors corresponding to goethite,organic matter,and hematite. Down hole variations in the three fac-tor scores,lightness,calcium carbonate content,and grain size were quite consistent. Moreover,high lightness and low factor scores in goethite,hematite,and organics indicated glacial regression deposits,while low lightness and high factor scores in goethite,hematite,and organics indicated interglacial transgression deposits.展开更多
Grading of fruits based on their ripeness has been a topic of research for the last two decades.Identifying the ripened mangoes has become more of an art than science and is a challenging task.This study aims at intro...Grading of fruits based on their ripeness has been a topic of research for the last two decades.Identifying the ripened mangoes has become more of an art than science and is a challenging task.This study aims at introducing a system to grademangoes with four classes based on their ripeness.The study was demonstrated through an extensive experimentation on a newly created dataset consisting of 981 images of Alphonsomango variety belonging to four classes viz.,under-ripen,perfectly ripen,over-ripen with internal defects and over-ripen without internal defects.In this study,a hierarchical approach was adopted to classify the mangoes into the four classes.At each stage of classification,L*a*b color space features were extracted.For the purpose of classification at each stage,a number of classifiers and their possible combinationswere tried out.The study revealed that,the Support VectorMachine(SVM)classifier works better for classifyingmangoes into under-ripen,perfectly ripen and overripen while the thresholding classifier has a superior classification performance on over-ripen with internal defects and over-ripen without internal defects.Further,to bring out the superiority of the hierarchical approach,a conventional single shot multi-class classification approach with SVMwas also studied.The results of the experimentation demonstrated that the hierarchical method with an accuracy of 88%outperforms the counterpart conventional single shot multi-class classification approach in addition to several existing contemporary models.展开更多
文摘目的分析不同水质对茶类品质的影响,为泡茶用水的选择提供理论依据。方法采用电极法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)分析水质特性,采用感官审评和色差计法分析茶汤色香味品质和L~*a~*b~*色泽。结果纯净水p H 6.07,电导率1.06μs/cm,含微量金属离子,泡出的茶汤明亮,香味纯正;山泉水p H 7.42,电导率8.89μs/cm,含丰富的K^+、Na^+、Mg^(2+)和Ca^(2+),泡红茶、乌龙茶和白茶色香味品质最佳,泡绿茶滋味较涩,香气闷;矿泉水p H 6.42,微酸性,电导率17.86μs/cm,含氟化物和Na^+、K^+、Mg^(2+)、Al^(3+)、Fe^(3+)和Ca^(2+),泡出乌龙茶色香味品质最佳;自来水p H 7.63,电导率37.1μs/cm,含氟化物和Na^+、K^+、Mg^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Fe^(3+)和Ca^(2+),冲泡各种茶色香味最差。结论纯净水是泡茶的最佳水源,山泉水和矿泉水更适宜泡发酵茶类,自来水对茶汤品质影响最大。
文摘In this paper an evaluation of the influence of luminance L* at the L*a*b* color space during color segmentation is presented. A comparative study is made between the behavior of segmentation in color images using only the Euclidean metric of a* and b* and an adaptive color similarity function defined as a product of Gaussian functions in a modified HSI color space. For the evaluation synthetic images were particularly designed to accurately assess the performance of the color segmentation. The testing system can be used either to explore the behavior of a similarity function (or metric) in different color spaces or to explore different metrics (or similarity functions) in the same color space. From the results is obtained that the color parameters a* and b* are not independent of the luminance parameter L* as one might initially assume.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 40602018the Chinese Offshore Investigation and Assessment ("908" Program) under contract No. 908-01-ZH2the Marine Welfare Research Project under contract No. 200805063
文摘Color measuring is characterized by high resolution,high efficiency,and low cost. The application becomes increasingly common for tracing sediment sources and climate variation. Borehole LZ908 in the south coastal plain of the Laizhou Bay in northeast China,was used,of which the top 54 m containing all marine facies was focused,to test the feasibility of colorimetry as a climate indi-cator using visible light reflectance spectra and L*a*b*measurement results. The results show a good correction between lightness and calcium carbonate content in marine-terrigenous deposits;therefore,these deposits can be used as a proxy to study climate changes. Factor-analysis on the first derivative values of the raw visible light reflectance spectra produced three principal factors corresponding to goethite,organic matter,and hematite. Down hole variations in the three fac-tor scores,lightness,calcium carbonate content,and grain size were quite consistent. Moreover,high lightness and low factor scores in goethite,hematite,and organics indicated glacial regression deposits,while low lightness and high factor scores in goethite,hematite,and organics indicated interglacial transgression deposits.
文摘Grading of fruits based on their ripeness has been a topic of research for the last two decades.Identifying the ripened mangoes has become more of an art than science and is a challenging task.This study aims at introducing a system to grademangoes with four classes based on their ripeness.The study was demonstrated through an extensive experimentation on a newly created dataset consisting of 981 images of Alphonsomango variety belonging to four classes viz.,under-ripen,perfectly ripen,over-ripen with internal defects and over-ripen without internal defects.In this study,a hierarchical approach was adopted to classify the mangoes into the four classes.At each stage of classification,L*a*b color space features were extracted.For the purpose of classification at each stage,a number of classifiers and their possible combinationswere tried out.The study revealed that,the Support VectorMachine(SVM)classifier works better for classifyingmangoes into under-ripen,perfectly ripen and overripen while the thresholding classifier has a superior classification performance on over-ripen with internal defects and over-ripen without internal defects.Further,to bring out the superiority of the hierarchical approach,a conventional single shot multi-class classification approach with SVMwas also studied.The results of the experimentation demonstrated that the hierarchical method with an accuracy of 88%outperforms the counterpart conventional single shot multi-class classification approach in addition to several existing contemporary models.